Types Of Alliances Research Articles

Exploring an proactive model for pediatric integration medical service in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is the Capital Circle Area in China, holding a strategic position and importance. The authors analyzed the medical and health service bottlenecks problems incurred by the shortage and unequal distribution of pediatric medical resources to be solved urgently. On such basis, this article introduced the experience of Beijing Children′s Hospital in a top-level design targeting at building a collaborative integrated health service system to meet children′s health requirements. The hospital created four types of proactive medical collaborative innovation, including a managed type, collaborative development type, technical support type and medical alliance type, aiming at providing a diversified Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integration proactive medical service model. These efforts are designed to relieve the structural setback of supply and demand of pediatric medical services and better children′s health and families′ welfare. Key words: Health services administration; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integration; Proactive medical service; Coordination; Pediatrics

Does Partner Volatility Have Firm Value Relevance? An Empirical Analysis of Strategic Alliances

Purpose - Alliance members have constantly revised market strategies over time by withdrawing membership from a current alliance, joining another alliance, or constructing a new alliance. From the perspective of the signaling effect, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of partner volatility (new member, old member, and new group) on firm value. Design/methodology - To analyze the impact of partner volatility on firm value, companies in strategic alliances are classified into the three groups of new partner, existing partner, and new alliance, and the effects on company value are verified through an event study and the signaling effect analysis. Findings - This study proved that new partners and newly formed strategic alliances have higher expectation effects than old partner company groups, and have a more positive effect on the relevant firms’ stock prices. In addition, the result of the study showed the same valid results as the alliance levels, and showed that investors’ expectations were higher with new partners and new alliances than with old partners. Research Implications - A new perspective on the signaling effects of strategic alliances among shipping lines was presented in this study by grouping alliance types including new member, old member, and new group. The results provide useful insights for selecting partners and firm values of alliance announcement times. Originality/value - This study analyzed partner volatility on relevant companies’ stock prices from the perspective of investors from the global shipping conference reorganization in 2017. Strategic alliances were classified into the three categories of new partner, old partner, and new alliance, and the effects on firm value were verified.

Mergers, Consolidations and Alliances in Higher Education: International Experiences and Lessons learned for Vietnam

The transition from mass higher education to universal access globally marked by the creation of a series of higher education institutions (HEIs) has pushed countries to undergo reforms, rearrangement of higher education system. The wave of merger, consolidation, or alliance between HEIs may stem from the need of the schools themselves who gave proposal or from the administrative orders of the administrative authorities to fulfill the policy objectives. Countries in the world have continued the process of reforming and reorganizing the higher education system and have achieved certain successes and inevitably some mistakes. These are valuable lessons for the following countries. This paper is aimed at showing the experience of nations and some lessons learned. It is composed of four parts. The first part gives an overview of the current global higher eduction reform, the definition of concepts used herein and distinguishes some types of mergers, consolidations and alliances in terms of the number and the status of founding institutions. The second part analyzes the results of the process such as changes in system size, student size, performance, impacts on stakeholders after the merger. The third part summarizes the current status of Vietnamese higher education with outstanding issues which required the reorganization and the reform of the system for the purpose of enhancing efficiency and regional and global competitiveness. In the final section, the paper provides some recommendations for Vietnamese higher education, which were drawn from the successes and failures of the process of reforming higher education systems around the world.

TRLs 5–7 Advanced Manufacturing Centres, Practical Model to Boost Technology Transfer in Manufacturing

Establishing collaboration strategies with interdisciplinary networks in research is a crucial success factor for the companies in any sector, especially in manufacturing for aeronautics. In the aeronautical supply chain, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) lack of these types of alliances with universities and other research institutions, which could give them access to shared and specialized knowledge, may strictly limit those companies to learning from their own experience. One way to break this dynamic for industrial companies is to be an active part of research, development, and innovation centres. In this paper, a study to create new advanced manufacturing centres is presented, centres whose activities are focused on Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) 5–7. The approach is based on a project management methodology, and it is applied to the aeronautical sector in the Basque Country. An initial study of the international experience and state of the art in this type of facility, as well as an analysis of the current socioeconomic environment of the Basque Country are presented. A benchmark study was done to identify the key processes that this centre must promote for this initiative to succeed, or those areas of knowledge that can make or break the initiative. Finally, the results showed a definitive picture for establishing an advanced manufacturing centre in the Basque Country. This work lays both the foundations of knowledge in the sector and the difficulties noted, so it can serve as guidance for similar initiatives.

The moderating effects of leverage and marketing intensity on alliance formation announcements

PurposeMarch’s 1991 work on exploitation and exploration has been studied in many different industries. The purpose of this paper is to analyze signals emanating from exploration and exploitation alliances within the pharmaceutical industry context. Specifically, the authors explore market reactions to announcements of alliance formations based not only on alliance type but also in terms of their marketing intensity and leverage.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ a two-stage event-study market model using a two-day event window (event days 0, +1), creating cumulative abnormal returns (CARs). In the second stage, the authors regress the CARs against an array of control and explanatory variables.FindingsFindings suggest that even though firm announcements of exploration and exploitation formations initially generate favorable market reactions, the former has a greater impact on CAR relative to the latter. Furthermore, leverage and marketing intensity moderate the relationship between firms’ alliance formation announcements and CARs generated. In particular, firms’ alliance formation announcements generate relatively greater market reactions at lower (higher) levels of the firm’s leverage (market intensity).Research limitations/implicationsEvent studies are valuable for gauging initial impressions of management action, but they are not meant to address long-term value creation. While market reactions suggest the likelihood of an alliance’s success or failure, managers also assess the risk to a firm’s financial health should the alliance fail. As a result, announcements that signal the firm has discretionary capabilities to ameliorate the effect of a failed alliance are better received.Originality/valueThis study is the first to analyze the stock market’s perception and valuation of different types of risk, classified by exploration vs exploitation alliances. The study also contributes to the literature by analyzing how investors use the information about a firm’s financial leverage and marketing activities to fine-tune their valuation of different types of risk-taking activities.

The link between SMEs alliance portfolio diversity and top management’s entrepreneurial and alliance orientations

To be able to survive and grow in twenty-first century global network economies, small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) strive to develop various types of interfirm alliances that provide them with bundles of resources and network security. Therefore, creating and configuring a beneficial and diverse alliance portfolio has become an important strategic issue for SMEs. The purpose of this article is to investigate how the entrepreneurial orientation and alliance orientation of the SMEs’ top managements lead to functional diversity of alliance portfolio configurations. Based on resource dependency and upper echelons theories, this study develops a model using survey data from 230 managers of Australian SMEs. The results suggest a significant link between the SME top management’s strategic orientations and the diversity of their alliance portfolios. When both entrepreneurial orientation and alliance orientation are high, the firms prefer to form portfolios that are functionally diverse. On the other hand, when either one or both strategic orientations are low, firms prefer to form portfolios that specialize on one of the functional areas like operations, logistics, marketing, or strategic management.

Does Foreign Direct Investment Matter to Domestic Entrepreneurship? The Mediating Role of Strategic Alliances

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic entrepreneurship in a host country by analysing a unique panel dataset of FDI and startup rates in Korean industries. It finds that FDI with a time lag has a positive effect on the startup rate, implying that inward FDI promotes domestic entrepreneurship. It shows that the strategic alliances moderate the relationship between FDI and the startup rate, depending upon the types of FDI and alliances. Both intra- and inter-industry alliances enhance the positive effect of foreign greenfield investment, while inter-industry alliances mitigate the effect of foreign acquisition.

Trust-building in a coopetitive multi-supplier network

PurposeAlliances are an important form of cooperation in the contemporary world. Although most of the different alliances have been rigorously studied, one type of alliance has been neglected: a multi-supplier network forcing potential competitors to cooperate. The purpose of this kind of network is to develop and maintain complex technological systems, such as ICT systems for the public sector. The coopetitive nature of the network poses numerous difficulties for productivity. This paper aims to explore how trust-building can mitigate such difficulties.Design/methodology/approachThe data were gathered via 16 semi-structured interviews and analyzed using data-driven content analysis. The respondents were representatives of the private and public sectors in Finland, tasked with building an ICT system for the Finnish Defense Forces in a multi-supplier network.FindingsThe paper found that trust-building is influenced by structural and functional factors. For example, roles and responsibilities emerged as an important structural factor, and communication was seen as a crucial functional factor.Practical implicationsThe paper identifies factors that have to be managed properly for a multi-supplier network to function effectively and efficiently.Originality/valueThe paper positions the multi-supplier network within the alliance framework. It also contributes to the literature on trust by identifying factors that influence trust-building.

How do different types of interorganizational ties matter in technological exploration?

PurposeBoundary-spanning exploration through establishing alliances is an effective strategy to explore technologies beyond local search in innovating firms. The purpose of this paper is to argue that it is useful to make a distinction in boundary-spanning exploration between what a firm learns from its alliance partners (explorative learning from partners (ELP)) and what it learns from other organisations (explorative learning from non-partners (ELN)).Design/methodology/approachThe authors contend that alliances play a role in both types of exploration. More specifically, the authors discern three types of alliances (inside ties, clique-spanning ties and outside ties) based on their role vis-à-vis existing alliance cliques. Clique members are highly embedded, and breaking out of the cliques through clique-spanning and outside alliances is crucial to improving explorative learning. Thereafter, the authors claim that clique-spanning ties and outside ties have a different effect on ELN and ELP.FindingsThe empirical analysis of the “application specific integrated circuits” industry indicates that inside ties have negligible effects on both types of explorative learning. Clique-spanning ties have a positive effect on ELP, but not on ELN. The reverse is true for outside ties. The results show that research on explorative learning should devote greater attention to the various roles alliance partners and types of alliances play in advancing technological exploration.Originality/valueThe literature only emphasises the learning from partners, focussing mainly on accessing their technology. In sum, alliance partners play different roles in exploration, and their network position influences the role they are able to play.

On the future of international joint venture research

International joint ventures (IJVs) are an important type of international strategic alliance (ISA) and have been studied by scholars for decades, resulting in a plethora of empirical studies, publications, and reviews, yet an inadequate accumulation of knowledge exists, as a closer look reveals. Much more than providing a summary and critical assessment of past contributions, this paper develops an expansive research agenda based upon a deep understanding of past research and comprehensive frameworks that distill this research. We identify a number of research opportunities that would not only advance IJV research but also closely related literatures and disciplines such as ISAs, theories of the multinational firm, international business research, and strategic management.

Strategic Alliances And New Product Development In High-Tech Ventures: The Moderating Role Of Alliance Type And Alliance Capability

Strategy scholars have proposed that capacity for managing alliance can be a source of superior performance. This study focuses on the role of this capacity, and investigates how alliance management capability of entrepreneurial firms affects the relationship between a firm’s allying and its performance. Because the capability is inherently unobservable, we take alliance experience and average duration of each alliance as proxy variables for measuring alliance management capability. An analysis of multiple allies of entrepreneurial ventures in Korean photovoltaic industry indicate that capacity for managing varying allies, and alliance type positively moderate the relation between alliance and its innovation outcomes.

The perceived importance of intersectoral collaboration by health care alliances.

There is growing interest in the use of intersectoral collaboration (e.g., alliances, coalitions, partnerships) to address complex, health-related issues in local communities. Relatively little empirical research, however, has examined how to foster and sustain collaboration across sectors during later stages of development, despite a recognition that the needs and goals for collaboration may change over time. The purpose of this study was to address this gap by examining the perceptions of alliance participants regarding the importance of collaborating with different industry sectors as alliances transitioned from stable, prescriptive foundation support to a more uncertain future. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the contextual characteristics highlighted in previous research, the perceived importance of intersectoral collaboration varies for different types of alliances and participants. Moreover, the salience of these characteristics varied for different types of collaboration, in our case, collaboration with nonmedical health care sectors and nonhealth care sectors. Collectively, our findings point to the importance of thinking more comprehensively, across multiple levels of influence, when considering ways to foster or sustain intersectoral collaboration.

Синтаксономия луговин тундрового пояса гор Мурманской области

Синтаксономия луговин тундрового пояса гор Мурманской области

Strategic Alliances between Banks and Fintechs for Digital Innovation: Motives to Collaborate and Types of Interaction

In times of digitalization, established firms operating in the financial services sector increasingly form alliances with start-up companies to satisfy the customers´ demand for rapid innovation and cope with the growing dynamics of markets. Technology-enabled innovation challenges traditional business models of incumbent institutions (e.g., banks) and requires them to adapt swiftly to the needs of the digital age. However, young firms providing technological solutions for the financial services industry (fintechs) also face difficulties, such as meeting regulatory requirements and winning the trust of potential customers. To compensate for these shortcomings and to exploit synergies, banks and fintechs are increasingly pooling their strengths in alliances. However, so far there is little empirical evidence on the motivation of both sides, banks and fintechs, to collaborate. We use an explorative research design and conduct semi-structured interviews to bridge that gap and shed light on what motivates banks and fintechs to join forces. Building on that, the resulting motives are systematized in a novel conceptual framework and associated with different types of alliances. Our results show that banks are particularly interested in benefiting from rapid innovation without necessarily being involved in its development, while fintechs demand resources and know-how to scale in the highly regulated financial sector. Our results have several practical implications and open up opportunities for future research.

Selection of Alliance Scope for Cultural and Product Market Similarity and Alliance Type

Selection of Alliance Scope for Cultural and Product Market Similarity and Alliance Type

Diversity in airline alliance portfolio configuration

Alliances in the airline industry operate as a basic strategy to stimulate competition and both the number and the types of alliances have increased over time. Each airline maintains alliances simultaneously with a variable number of partners. The set of airline's alliance partners constitutes its alliance portfolio. A central theme of these portfolios is the way in which partner selection improve performance. Is the alliance portfolio configuration based on either similar or different partners? We examine how the differences can arise from differences between the partners themselves, from resource complementarity, and from the partners structural positions in the network. The relations between these types of differences and whether they affect firm performance are studied. Codeshare alliances established between airline companies at a global level are analyzed to establish their effects on performance. In particular, the study comprises 135 alliance portfolios all of which from major airlines. The results suggest that structural homogeneity and complementarity improve performance and that alliance portfolio diversity favors network resource complementarity.

How to develop a novel type of strategic alliances to move ahead: Business ecosystems grown, developed and powered by FiZ

In the age of digitalization, innovation is increasingly taking place across different sectors. The key components of this precision medicine are the collection of a large number of samples in hospitals, transfer of the biological material into data with the help of sequencing, availability of high-performance information and communication technologies (ICT), access to databases for analysis and result representation, and follow-up of the treatment in hospitals using blood-based biopsy companion diagnostics tests.Over the past few years, innovation research has brought to light that the added value of innovation emerges less from purely technological development than by a market-oriented connection of companies and technologies. The use of the mp3 technology at Apple is one example of this. This example also impressively shows how new business models developed in digitization and caused a massive change in the market for consumer electronics. Similar profound changes are expected for the health sector as well.For one, FiZ has a network of companies and researchers in the field of precision medicine and, for the other, the necessary IT infrastructure for adding future value via digitalization business models is available at the Frankfurt site. FiZ developed the project German Genethics (GG) on the following basis:German Genethics (GG) supports doctors who (want to) work with precision medicine to define individual therapies. The special aspect here is: GG has a worldwide unique database based on complex algorithms.The database connects information from renowned specialist magazines and highly specialized molecular biology databases that contain research results from clinical studies with knowledge from recognized treatments. This big-data solution can categorize the characteristics of each individual DNA sample and match it to existing knowledge. In this way, “big data” becomes “intelligent data.”GG is a joint FiZ project on a global scale. The network initiated and coordinated by FiZ consists of highly specialized companies, some of which are headquartered at the FiZ campus in Frankfurt am Main.My passion is the interaction and the network of the companies at FiZ and the collaborative approach of the international research institutes. This will make the term “New.German Engineering”1 a new quality concept in the strong growth markets, which, while making use of the past, will experience expansion in the age of digitalization. With GG, the foundation is laid for establishing a system, which can then be extended into other disease areas, e.g., diabetes, autoimmune diseases, etc. This is how translational medicine gets its daily routine in the clinics and for the benefits of the patients.

A typology of brand alliances and consumer awareness of brand alliance integration

Brand alliances, which involve intentionally presenting two or more brands together, appear in many different forms. For example, Subway stores placed within Wal-Mart, Airbus A380 airplanes with Rolls-Royce Trent engines, and Nike + iPod co-developed personal trainers are among the more well-known manifestations of this strategy. Our study contributes to the literature on brand alliances by conceptualizing and measuring a typology of brand alliance types based on their degree of integration. We also empirically test and find that consumers are sensitive to varying degrees of brand alliance integration. We then link these findings to the managerial decision of how and with whom a brand should form an alliance. We use extensive examples, conversations with managers, and survey-based experiments to show that brand alliance integration is relevant and impactful to both managers and consumers.

Evaluating marketplace synergies of ingredient brand alliances

This research examines the marketplace performance of ingredient brand alliances (IBAs). In this type of alliance, a component or feature of a primary or focal brand is branded using a secondary brand. Performance is affected by both the primary and secondary brands, each of which has functional and emotional associations. Drawing on concept combination theory, the authors examine congruent and incongruent effects in both associations as a means of achieving synergy in the brand. While the extant literature largely focuses on consumer perceptions of ingredient brand alliance products as an outcome, the authors examine the market share and revenues for 126 ingredient brand alliances in 49 product categories of consumer packaged goods over 14 years. A generalized estimation equation shows that, on average, each brand's associations have positive main effects on ingredient brand alliance performance. However, congruent associations (such as the perceived functional associations of both brands) attenuate these effects, while incongruent associations (the perceived functional association of one brand with the perceived emotional association of another) were not significant. The article concludes with a simulation showing that managers can do better by picking a partner brand whose associations are more incongruent, rather than merely what seems to be the strongest partner on both associations.

The perils of plurality rule and the major(itarian) effect of cabinet composition on human rights in presidential democracies

I argue that when presidents are able (or forced) to cobble together broad-based coalitions to win an absolute majority, their administrations are less likely (and less able) to violate human rights, in comparison to presidential administrations whose victories are the result of a narrow plurality. Consistent with this argument, I find cabinets comprised of a higher percentage of individuals from parties other than that of the president to be associated with greater government respect for human rights. Additionally, I find that in the years after a presidential election won by an absolute majority, states are more likely to experience an increase in government respect for human rights, in comparison to the years after a presidential election won by a mere plurality. Utilizing an original dataset of cabinet composition for 35 presidential democracies spanning from 2001 to 2011, this study concludes that it may prudent for non-majoritarian systems to consider adopting a mandatory majority rule so to encourage the types of conciliatory alliances that appear to promote high human rights respect.