The flows of reactive nitrogen compounds, which are formed during the production of agricultural products, are determined. Nitrogen flows between the «Agriculture» pool and other pools were considered. The nitrogen emissions from such pools are analyzed: agriculture; energy and fuel; materials and products of industry; people and settlements; waste; atmosphere and hydrosphere. The main sources of chemically active nitrogen emissions from the «Agriculture» were established. The influence of nitrogen on the environment and human health has been established. An algorithm for determining nitrogen balances for agriculture has been developed. The algorithm takes into account both the amount of reactive nitrogen formed in the basin and what was gained as a result of exchange with other basins. The application of the indicator of the efficiency of the use of nutrients as a generalization in the comparative assessment of nitrogen basins and nitrogen fluxes has been analyzed. The utility of the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has been established. It is determined that the efficiency of the use of nitrogen in livestock production depends on a set of indicators — the specialization of an agricultural enterprise, types of agricultural crops and categories of animals. Nitrogen balance for a particular farm and NUE are indicators for calculating nitrogen load on the environment and the efficiency of using nitrogen resources, respectively. The dynamics of the change of this indicator in combination with other agroecological indicators can be used to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of measures at the enterprise to improve the technology to reduce the environmental load.