Types Of Victimization Research Articles

A latent class analysis of adolescent dating violence: Associations with daily conflict management

BackgroundAdolescent dating violence (ADV) is a major public health concern experienced by more than half of adolescents. Previous studies have found considerable diversity in patterns of ADV and suggest that its various forms often occur concurrently and reciprocally within adolescent dating relationships. While multiple robust distal correlates of ADV have already been established, research on situational factors, such as conflict-related variables, is still sparse. ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify patterns of ADV based on the co-occurrence of different types of ADV victimization and perpetration. Multiple correlates of these ADV patterns were examined, including daily conflict-related factors (e.g., occurrence, resolution). Methods: A sample of 216 adolescents (M = 17.03 years; SD = 1.49) who were currently involved in a dating relationship completed a baseline assessment followed by 14 consecutive daily diaries. ResultsLatent class analysis revealed five classes, including Low violence (21.8 %), Emotional violence (50.9 %), Emotional and sexual violence (13 %), Psychological violence and control (7.9 %), and Multiple violence (6.5 %). Demographic, relationship, distal, and daily conflict-related indicators differentiated the classes. Findings indicated that youth in the Psychological violence and control and Multiple violence classes were involved in longer-lasting relationships and displayed higher externalized problems and emotion dysregulation, more frequent experiences of childhood traumas, and, notably, more difficulties in managing daily conflicts. ConclusionAdolescence is a crucial time to reduce the onset, persistence, and adverse consequences of ADV. By identifying situational conflict-related factors associated with ADV victimization and perpetration, this study can inform important prevention efforts.

Navigating risk: Young women's pathways through the care, education and criminal justice systems

AbstractThe criminalization of young women in care remains an important practice and policy issue in England despite 2018 national guidance and the subsequent development of local authority protocols to reduce the criminalization of care‐experienced young people. This paper contributes to the emerging research on young women whose behaviour challenges professionals, through secondary analysis of case file data and narrative interviews with 24 care‐experienced young women from a national project on care and offending. Analysis focused on young women's pathways through the care, justice and education systems and identified five domains within young women's lives where available risk or resilience factors were significant in directing young women towards prosocial opportunities, to new types of victimization or to criminalization and offending. These domains consisted of placements and caregiver relationships; partner relationships; pregnancy and motherhood; participation in education; and the transition to adulthood through leaving care. The paper concludes with implications for practice for professionals working with young women, in particular emphasizing that how the care, justice and education systems respond to young women can contribute to negative pathways or transform them.

International kidnapping by non-state actors: Exploring the relationship between political predictors and the selection of victims

ABSTARCT This study examines target selection by non-state actors who engage in international kidnapping. Existing literature addresses violence against specific victims, such as aid workers and journalists, and explores the attractiveness of these targets to kidnappers. However, studies fail to explore whether the political predictors of violence against aid workers or journalists are the same or different compared to other victim types. This study introduces a conceptual framework that assesses the political context of victimization, including the level of liberty in a state, foreign influence, extent of U.S. military and economic aid, degree of private sector development, region, and frequency of terrorism. Logistic regression is performed on a dataset of 579 victims, revealing a different combination of significant political predictors. This framework shows that the political environment varies across five categories of victims: aid workers, journalists, diplomats, business workers, and tourists. However, it remains unclear whether the political environment renders specific targets easier to abduct, whether those same conditions enhance the attractiveness of specific targets to non-state actors, or a combination of both. Nevertheless, knowledge of target selection preferences by non-state actors can inform policy that seeks to reduce the frequency of international kidnapping by recognizing the vulnerability of specific targets.

Relationships among intimate partner violence, unfair treatment, depressive symptoms, and family support: A community-based study of Gujarati women in the Midwestern USA.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and unfair treatment can negatively affect the health and well-being of many women, especially women of color. Few studies have investigated the mental health impact of both forms of victimization together. Unlike most research on Asian Indian women, which has used aggregated samples of women of various Asian Indian or South Asian descent, this study focused on a specific group of Asian Indians. Data were collected from a probability sample of Gujarati residents, aged 18-65 years, in a midwestern state of USA via computer-assisted telephone interviews. One third of married women reported having experienced IPV and two thirds received unfair treatment during the previous 6 months. Respondents overall reported a low level of depressive symptoms. Analyses using negative binomial regression models found that while both IPV and unfair treatment were positively associated with depressive symptoms, their interaction effect was not statistically significant. When IPV victimization and support from family were included in the model, the incidence rate ratio for unfair treatment became nonsignificant, but the significant effect of IPV remained. Findings suggest that practitioners not only in mental health and IPV programs but also in alternative settings frequented by Gujarati women should inquire about these types of interpersonal victimization and assist women in connecting with and cultivating supportive networks. More research on the mental health impact of IPV and other types of interpersonal victimization is needed for underresearched yet growing population groups to inform socioculturally responsive assistance programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Trauma of Conflict Victims and Criminal Prosecutions in Nigeria: Discourse on Post-Conflict Transformation

The aim of this paper is to examine the pursuance of criminal prosecutions after a conflict in healing the trauma of conflict victims to rebuild societies. In most conflict situations, there are different types of victims, thousands of people lose their lives, displace, rape, torture and detain or forcibly disappear. While other people will continue suffer from Trauma of Conflict Victimization. Therefore, the lack of accountability, criminal justice, rule of law can lead to widespread violation of human rights and crime against the law. This paper is qualitative in context, nature, and structure; hence Library Research method and content analysis were adopted and carried out to review the data acquired and evaluate the studies originality. The paper adopted theory of peace making criminology to understand and explain the process of healing conflict victims’ trauma in post-conflict transformation situations. The study revealed that, in some cases such as Kenya, Nigeria and South Sudan conflict, the crimes under international law and other serious human rights violations and abuses were committed. The findings also revealed that prosecutions of war criminals and human rights abusers will promote peace and prevent conflict victimization. Furthermore, Post-conflict transformation contain peace building and requires the development of rules, norms that transform potentially violent actors in to non-violent actors and support political, economic, social and military measures and structures aiming to redress the root causes of conflict. The study recommended that, post-conflict policy efforts should focus on peace building, because that is how the warring parties could be settled, negotiation can be facilitated with the armed groups, and the victims could be empowered and compensated. The paper also recommended that the rule of law should not only serve the rights of dominant social groups while leaving other minority groups behind in the post-conflict settings and international institutions should take into cognizance such issues as the entitlements of groups that are vulnerable to marginalization and discrimination- minority groups, women and children, internally or internationally displaced persons and refugees- in a conflict setting or a country.

Evolution, the Cognitive Sciences, and the Science of Victimization.

Despite clear aversion to such labels, one of the most impactful criminological theories is rooted in cognitive science. Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory has been repeatedly tested, replicated relatively well, and has since reached beyond its original scope to explain other important outcomes like victimization. However, the work never viewed itself as part of a larger scientific landscape and resisted the incursion of neuroscience, cognitive science, and evolutionary theory from the start. This missed opportunity contributes to some of the theory's shortcomings. We begin by considering relevant literatures that were originally excluded and then conduct a new analysis examining the cognitive underpinnings of victimization in a high-risk sample of adolescents. We used the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 3,444; 48% female; 49% Black, 25% Hispanic) which contained sound measures of self-control and intelligence, as well as four types of adolescent victimization. Self-control was robustly associated with all forms of victimization, whereas intelligence had generally no detectable effect. We discuss how these findings fit into a broader understanding about self-control and victimization.

DOES CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION RAISE THE RISK OF IADL LIMITATIONS AMONG OLDER ADULTS?

Abstract Many studies have analyzed the effect of victimization on children and young adults, but relatively few have explored its impact on older adults’ well-being. Drawing from cumulative inequality theory, this study analyzed a sample of 11,860 respondents aged 50 and older from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine whether victimization experiences, measured by physical attack/assault, robbery/home burglary, and fraud, raise the risk of limitations in performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). The analysis, which used zero-inflated negative binomial models to examine the onset and severity of IADL limitations, revealed that criminal victimization was associated with a higher likelihood of IADL limitations (IRR=0.735, p< 0.01), even after adjusting for demographic and health-related factors. Additional analyses examining the influence of each type of victimization showed that the experiences of a physical attack and robbery were related to IADL limitations. These findings demonstrate that criminal victimization experiences are associated with compromised IADL function, especially when the encounter involves an intentional act of immediate harm. There is a need for (a) additional research on the consequences of criminal victimization on the health and well-being of older adults and (b) interventions to help older adults who experience a personal or property crime.

“You can’t just make gay people disappear”: Young adolescent LGBTQIA+s’ advice for middle level educators

Young adolescents who are LGBTQIA+ often encounter hostile experiences while in middle level schools. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 young adolescents who are LGBTQIA+ at two middle schools to determine their experiences. Students report the ages at which they realized their gender and sexual identities: Five reveal recognizing their identities before they entered sixth grade. Respondents provide examples of how they are often mistreated and disrespected by fellow students and teachers. Students offer advice to middle level educators for how to protect and support them as they interact with teachers and fellow students. Differences between gender identity and sexual orientation are provided to assist educators in understanding the distinction and its significance. Current sexual and gender identity vocabularies are provided, as is a rationale to avoid labeling anyone who is LGBTQIA+ as “diverse” or with the phrase, “identifies as.” Three types of victimization of adolescents who are LGBTQIA+ that often occur at school are identified: staff-sanctioned victimization, direct victimization, and indirect victimization. The effects of victimization are described as are suggestions for circumventing these behaviors. We offer strategies to help educators identify and address heteronormative beliefs and resultant negative policies. Suggestions are provided for how to create safe and equitable environments in middle level schools for students who are LGBTQIA+.

Longitudinal predictors of children's self-blame appraisals among military families reported for family violence

BackgroundAlthough children's self-blame appraisals are recognized as important sequelae of child victimization that contribute to subsequent adjustment problems, little is known about the factors that predict their development and longitudinal course. ObjectiveThe current study examines the stability and longitudinal predictors of children's self-blame appraisals among a sample of children reported for family violence. Participants and settingChildren (N = 195; 63 % female) aged 7 to 17 years (Mage = 12.17) were recruited as part of a longitudinal assessment of families referred to the United States Navy's Family Advocacy Program due to allegations of child physical abuse, sexual abuse, or intimate partner violence. MethodsChildren completed assessments on self-blame at 3 time points (baseline, 9–12 months, and 18–24 months) and baseline measures of their victimization experience, caregiver-child conflict, and depression. ResultsIn univariate analyses, victimization that involved injury (r = 0.29, p < .001), the number of perpetrators (r = 0.23, p = .001), the number of victimization types (r = 0.32, p < .001), caregiver-child conflict (r = 0.36, p < .001), and depression (r = 0.39, p < .001) were each positively associated with baseline self-blame. When examined in a single longitudinal multilevel model, results indicated only caregiver-child conflict (b = 0.08, p = .007) and baseline depression (b = 0.06, p = .013) predicted increases in self-blame. ConclusionFindings suggest clinicians and researchers may consider assessment of victimization characteristics, caregiver-child relationships, and depression symptoms to identify children most at risk for developing self-blame appraisals.

Psychological comorbidities and suicidality in sexual and gender minority foster youth

ObjectiveSexual and gender minority youth (SGMY), or those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or gender diverse and questioning are suggested to be overrepresented in the U.S. foster care system. Lack of systematized data collection on youths’ sexual orientation and/or gender identity in child welfare has curtailed studies of this population. This community-based study assessed psychological and behavioral health of youth with current or past foster care involvement in an urban public child welfare system, and examined relations between types of victimization (e.g. LGBTQ-based victimization, caregiver rejection, intimate partner violence) and psychological functioning. MethodsA total of 35 (12–26 years old) participants were administered a survey assessing multiple domains of health and wellbeing between October 2018 and February 2020. Primary quantitative outcomes included depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress symptomatology, suicide ideation, planning, and attempt, and non-suicidal self-injury. Results42.7 % of participants identified as lesbian or gay, 37.1 % as bisexual or pansexual, and 20 % identified as heterosexual. 54.3 % identified as transgender or gender diverse (TG/GD). Over 75 % (75.06 %, n = 25) of the total sample met the clinical cutoff for Total Internalizing, 64.71 % (n = 22) met the clinical cutoff for Depression, and 78.79 % (n = 26) met the clinical cutoff for Anxiety. 70 % reported suicidal ideation and 45 % past suicide attempt. Rejection experiences based on sexual orientation were associated with anxiety, depression and post-traumatic symptoms; discrimination experiences based on sexual orientation or TG/GD expression were associated with anxiety. Loneliness and everyday discrimination were associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms. IPV, everyday discrimination, rejection, discrimination, and victimization based on sexual orientation and gender identity, while not statistically significant within this sample, did emerge as factors warranting further investigation concerning suicide ideation, planning, and attempt. Conclusion75% of the SGMY in this this study met the clinical threshold for mood disorders, reinforcing the importance of integrated behavioral health support in clinical and wraparound care for SGMY in foster care, and the critical role of SGM-specific competencies for the entire care team. Teams caring for SGMY should be aware of community resources that are competent in addressing SGM-specific stressors and the impacts of multiple forms of victimization, including intimate partner violence for SGMY. Targeted efforts and to work with families are needed.

Bullying Victimization, Real and Perceived Physical Fitness, and Self-Perception Profiles in Middle-School Students with Overweight or Obesity.

Bullying victimization has been associated with body weight and physical fitness. In order to compare the prevalence of victimization among adolescents with normal weight or overweight/obesity and to evaluate the association between real or perceived physical fitness and self-perception profiles, a sample of 128 middle-school youths (mean age: 12.2 ± 0.8 years, 61% males) was recruited. The body mass index (BMI) Z score was calculated. Physical fitness was assessed by hand grip strength (HGS), long jump (LJ), and a 3 min step test (3MST). Perceived physical fitness, self-perception profiles (social competence, athletic competence, and physical appearance), and experiences of victimization (teasing about physical appearance, verbal offenses, and exclusion from group activities) were explored using validated questionnaires. Eighty youths (62.5%) showed overweight/obesity. Compared to their counterparts, normal-weight subjects showed lower HGS and perceived muscular strength; higher LJ and 3MST performance; higher perceived overall fitness, speed and flexibility, and physical appearance. Teasing and verbal offences were more frequent among students with overweight/obesity. Being teased about physical aspects was positively related with the BMI Z score. Exclusion from groups was positively associated with LJ performance. All the types of victimization investigated were inversely related to perceived social competence. These findings suggest that self-perception may protect one from victimization, regardless of nutritional status.

Conflict and social control among cannabis growers

AimsIllegal drug markets are often assumed to be violent and predatory due to the absence of third-party enforcement. While cannabis markets are generally considered to be relatively more peaceful, there has been little investigation of the levels of conflict and victimization among small-scale cannabis growers, particularly under different cannabis policy and enforcement settings. This paper explores prevalence and predictors of conflict and social control among small-scale cannabis growers. MethodsThe data were obtained from an online convenience survey of small-scale cannabis growers from 13 countries (Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, New Zealand, Portugal, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and Uruguay) from August 2020 to September 2021 (N = 5667). Key measures collected included the types of victimization due to cannabis growing, the perpetrators of these predatory actions, reasons for the conflict, and the grower's response to being victimized. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of different types of victimization and social control responses among cannabis cultivators. ResultsMost growers (76 %) never directly experienced violence or other victimization related to their cannabis cultivation. However, about one-quarter of growers had been victimized at some point, mostly involving theft, with physical violence rare. Growing outdoors, growing with others, growing more plants, and being a more seasoned grower increased the risk of victimization. Growers who were motivated by profit were more susceptible to theft. Surprisingly, growers in legal recreational jurisdictions experienced greater levels of theft and violent victimization than growers in illegal jurisdictions. Nonviolent social control responses predominated among the growers, mostly characterized by toleration but also avoidance and negotiation. ConclusionWhile most growers reported no victimization, a substantial minority did so, largely theft rather than violence, and typically did not report employing retaliatory violence. Social control responses were mostly nonviolent. These findings varied under different cannabis policy and enforcement environments. Cannabis legalization does not eliminate opportunities for theft and violence related to cannabis cultivation.

Online grooming among Portuguese adolescents and the COVID-19 lockdown: Relationship with other types of victimization

Background: Online grooming is the sexual solicitations and interactions between an adult and a minor, aiming to sexually abuse or obtain sexual material for the sexual satisfaction of themselves or others. Experiencing victimization during childhood or adolescence increases the probability of exposure to other types of victimization. Objectives: This study analyses the relationship between grooming, other types of juvenile victimization, and consensual sexting. We compare victims and non-victims of online grooming concerning sexting, sextortion, juvenile victimization, and online parental control. We also aim to identify the prevalence of online grooming in the present sample during and after the COVID-19 pandemic confinement and the impact of other types of juvenile victimization on grooming. Participants: The sample comprised 106 Portuguese adolescents (57 boys and 49 girls) aged 12 to 15. Method: Participants answered the sociodemographic questionnaire that contemplates online parental control and sextortion items, the Questionnaire for Online Sexual Solicitations and Interactions with Adults, the Sexting Questionnaire, and the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Results: The results showed a positive correlation between online grooming, juvenile victimization, and sexting, as well as statistically significant differences between victims and non-victims of online grooming. Victims showed higher levels of sexting, sextortion, and other juvenile victimization. It also revealed higher levels of sexting and online grooming during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Predictive validity showed that peer/sibling victimization and sexual victimization predicted online grooming. Conclusions: This study promotes a better understanding of online grooming by exploring the association between different types of victimization.

Child Rights in Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis on National and International Legal Framework

Child rights are always ignored through the ages irrespective of the national or international arena. Children are most susceptible to all types of vices and victimizations, and so intensive care is required for their protection. Although there are many national and international laws for the protection of children’s rights but these are not above criticism. Child abuse is a common and frequent thing in Bangladesh. The United Nations set forth some rules for protection of children’s rights. Being a member state, United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)-1989, is trying to protect children from abuse but it cannot be suppressed in any way. This paper is an attempt to show the actual socio-economic scenario of the children in Bangladesh and show a roadmap regarding how to protect the child rights. Additionally, this paper examines the National and International Legal Framework where children’s rights are protected and traces various causes for violation of these rights.

Associated factors and patterns of school bullying among school-aged adolescents in China: A latent class analysis

Adolescents involved in school bullying are a heterogeneous group. Yet less is known about school bullying patterns and their associated factors in social domains in China. The objective of the study was to use latent class analysis to identify patterns of school bullying involvement and to examine factors in individual, family, and school domains associated with each bullying pattern. Data were self-reported anonymously using a questionnaire completed by students from 3 middle schools and 4 high schools in a southern city in China (N = 13,166). A latent class analysis was conducted to identify involvement patterns in school bullying victimization and perpetration. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine factors in social domains associated with each pattern. Seven patterns of school bullying involvement were identified: Low Victim (14.5%), High Victim (4.4%), Sexual and Cyber Victim (2.5%), Physical Bully-Victim (1.4%), Verbal Bully-Victim (3.5%), All-Type Bully-Victim (3.3%) and Uninvolved (70.4%). Alcohol use, high frequency of using social networking sites, and distrusting people were associated with all bullying patterns (p <.05). Gender, grade level of schooling, boarding at school, cigarette smoking, being a class leader, poor academic performance, parents both working in other cities, poor relationships between family members, father’s/mother’s alcohol use, parental neglect, unpopularity at school, lack of feeling safe, and no close friends were each associated with at least one school bullying pattern (p <.05). Different types of school bullying victimization and perpetration co-occur among students and multiple social domain factors were associated with bullying patterns. Findings from this study suggest that consideration of the heterogeneity of school bullying and its associated factors are critical to developing targeted prevention interventions for different school bullying patterns.

Cyber victimization with increasing digitization during the COVID‐19 pandemic and coping strategies used by adolescents

AbstractPandemics, a current and important public health problem, can increase the risk of cyberbullying. Especially in adolescence, knowledge about coping with this type of victimization is limited. This study aimed to reveal the cyberbullying victimization experiences of adolescents with the increased digitalization during the pandemic and the coping strategies they employed. The study is a descriptive and cross‐sectional study. The research sample consists of adolescents (n = 344). The data were collected online using Personal Information Form, Cyber Victim Scale, and Coping with Cyberbullying Scale. The mean Cyber Victim Scale score of the adolescents was 21.97 ± 5.83, and the mean Coping with Cyberbullying Scale score was 63.33 ± 9.06. It was found that the increase in the frequency of Internet use, the change in the purpose of Internet use during the pandemic, and the sharing of the negative experiences with others negatively affect cyber victimization (p &lt; 0.05). In today's world where digitalization is increasing, it is recommended to provide interdisciplinary trainings to adolescents, to include families in various trainings with school–family cooperation, and to receive support from nurses in this process.

Adolescent victimization and psychosocial well-being in a Finnish population-based sample

ABSTRACT Potentially traumatizing events are common in adolescence, and these experiences have an impact on psychopathology. Furthermore, these events cumulate for certain individuals. More knowledge about the relationship between well-being and victimization experiences’ amount, type, and timing in adolescents is needed to understand the phenomenon of adolescent victimization. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated in a population-based sample of Finnish adolescents, whether victimization experiences associate with psychosocial well-being. The study sample comprised 5743 adolescents aged 15–16 years who filled in a questionnaire about 12 victimization experiences and psychosocial well-being. General Linear Model regression analyses were used for statistical analysis. A greater number of victimization experiences and recent timing, as well as type of victimization such as cyberbullying, were linked to problems related to psychosocial well-being. It is important to recognize current forms of youth victimization to identify the adolescents at risk for psychosocial distress and investigate on specific types of victimization.

Evaluation of the Coding System for the Causes of Traffic Accidents at the Medical Records Unit of Hospital X in Merangin, Indonesia

The coding system is one of the important things in several activity units in medical records. Writing a complete, clear, and specific diagnosis by the doctor and coding officer is a support in determining the correct code. This study aimed to describe writing equipment and accuracy of the results coding external causes (external cause) traffic accident cases in Hospital X in Merangin Regency. This research is a descriptive observational study. The research location is the medical records installation section coding of Hospital X in Merangin Regency. This research was conducted in November 2021-June 2022. The inclusion criteria for research subjects were medical records of patients in traffic accident cases recorded from September to 2021. A total of 64 medical record documents were sampled in this study. In the external cause of injury code, the completeness of the victim's role item was 39.06%, the victim's type of transportation was 96.88%, the opposing party involved in the collision was 92.19%, and the victim's activities during the accident were 3.12%. In this study, only 2 medical records explained the victim's activities during the traffic accident because the hospital reporting did not use the 5th character, which describes the victim's activities. In conclusion, most of the external cause items recorded in traffic accident cases are written completely. Factors related to inaccuracy external cause code in the form of man, method, material, and machine.

Biased and Nonbiased Victimization at School: Perceived Impacts Among Victimized Youth in a National Sample

ABSTRACT A vast literature examines the negative effects of school victimization. However, there are few studies comparing the impacts of biased and nonbiased victimization. Extant research also rarely assesses the impacts of experiencing multiple types of biased victimization. This study used nationally representative U.S. data (N = 2,241) to examine the perceived negative effects of biased and nonbiased victimization on victims’ physical health, self-esteem, social relationships, and schoolwork. Compared to nonbiased victimization, biased victimization was associated with increased odds of experiencing all four perceived impact types. Odds of the perceived impacts increased as the number of bias types involved in the victimization increased. These findings imply that schools should place greater emphasis on prejudicial victimization as a component of their violence prevention and anti-bullying initiatives.

Layered Exploitation: Exploring the Relationship Between Revenge Porn And Poly-Victimization

Amidst dynamic advancements in the digital landscape, we are witnessing the emergence of new forms of violence and exploitation, with "revenge porn" being one of the most alarming representations. This study undergoes an in-depth investigation into how revenge porn can lead to a situation of poly-victimization, a situation where victims are exposed to multiple types of victimization at once. Revenge porn, the act of publishing explicit material without the consent of the depicted party, often triggers a cascade of additional victimization, ranging from online harassment to discrimination and social stigmatization. The concept of poly-victimization refers to a collection of traumatic experiences experienced by the victim, which in this context includes emotional trauma, reputational damage, and potential legal complications. This research adopts the normative legal method, which integrates statutory, conceptual, comparative, and futuristic approaches. The nature of the research is descriptive-prescriptive, with the collected data analyzed using the content analysis method. The results of this study aim to define and identify the layered impact of revenge porn and poly-victimization, emphasizing how victims often undergo a continuum of traumatic experiences. By exploring the multifaceted dimensions of these crimes, both from a psychological and legal perspective, this research seeks to establish a strong foundation of knowledge that can encourage the creation of more efficient victim protection strategies and stricter legal responses against perpetrators.