Types Of Rolling Stock Research Articles

Анализ применения гидравлических гасителей колебаний в конструкциях рессорного подвешивания подвижного состава железнодорожного транспорта

Purpose: consideration of the issue of the use of hydraulic vibration dampers in spring suspension of various types of railway rolling stock. The article provides an overview of the layout of hydraulic vibration dampers in the spring suspension of rolling stock, their advantages and disadvantages are given Methods: review and analysis of spring suspension designs of various types of traction and non-traction rolling stock in operation, as well as patented designs. Analysis of the arrangement schemes of hydraulic vibration dampers in the spring suspension of rolling stock. Results: the main reason for the use of hydraulic dampers in spring suspension is the inability of cylindrical springs to minimize the influence of oscillatory movements of rolling stock that occur during its movement. The necessity of using hydraulic vibration dampers in structures of various types of rolling stock is substantiated. The arrangement schemes of hydraulic vibration dampers are considered. Examples of the use of hydraulic dampers in spring suspension of various types of rolling stock are given. Practical significance: the necessity of using hydraulic vibration dampers is shown not only in the structures of the undercarriage of passenger cars and locomotives, but also in the spring suspension of freight cars. The use of hydraulic vibration dampers makes it possible to minimize the negative impact of oscillatory movements on both the structure of the rolling stock and the health of passengers and locomotive crews, as well as to increase the comfort of their stay. The use of hydraulic dampers in the spring suspension of freight rolling stock can increase the speed of its movement by improving the running qualities of freight cars and the degree of safety of transported goods.

Application of artificial intelligence technologies at substantiation of effective control algorithms for the electrical engineering complex of urban electric transport traction electrical equipment

Background. Studies on the current state and development trends of urban ground public electric transportation in Russia highlight the urgent need for innovative technologies. These innovations should focus on designing and operating new types of rolling stock, traction electrical equipment, and promising types of electric traction. At the same time, special attention should be paid to building autonomous control systems for electric transportation using artificial intelligence technologies. Aim. This study aims to explore the application of neural networks to develop algorithms for effectively controlling the electrical engineering complex of traction electrical equipment in urban ground rail electric transport. Materials and Methods. The research utilized data from studies on the traction electrical equipment modes of rolling stock. These studies were conducted through both computer simulations and field experiments under real operating conditions of urban electric transport using different control algorithms. By applying probability theory and mathematical statistics, the analysis identified the correlations between operational and energy parameters of rolling stock movement and the operational mode of its traction electrical equipment. Results. The identified correlation dependencies informed the design of an effective network architecture, including its size and complexity, as well as the composition of their training samples. This led to the development of an original, simplified algorithm for determining effective control parameters for the electrical complex of traction electrical equipment during the movement of a vehicle on a given section of track. Conclusion. The research concluded that using “simple” neural networks for calculating the parameters of effective control of traction electrical equipment operation modes in urban electric transport provides higher speed and sufficient accuracy compared to complex neural network models. These results are valuable for developers of intelligent control systems for streetcar transportation.

Commuter Experience: An Assessment of Metro-Train Comfort Amidst Operational Vibroacoustic Conditions

This study investigates the impact of different passenger rolling stock structures and train configurations on vibrations and noise generated during operation. Vibroacoustic measurements were performed during acceleration, constant speed, and braking phases to analyze the effects using statistical analysis according to the relevant standards, revealing a statistically significant relationship between the equivalent noise level and vibration dose. In the context of the expanding Warsaw metro network, which is adding new lines and modern rolling stock, trends in the development of metro rolling stock were analyzed using five different types of metro vehicles, from the oldest to the newest designs. Vehicle performance was ranked in the context of ride comfort using standards and combined vibration and noise measures. The research results allowed for a collective comparative assessment of the construction of individual types of passenger rolling stock in terms of vibroacoustic phenomena, thanks to which it is possible to assess the impact of modern solutions and the justification for investing in modern rolling stock. Newer trains generally record significantly lower vibration and noise levels. The difference between the oldest and the most modern vehicle types is 57% for the vibration acceleration level (0.08 ms−2 RMS) and 66% for the noise level (2.2 dB LAeq).

RESEARCH ON LOGISTIC COSTS IN TRANSPORTATION OF AGRICULTURAL CARGO BY ROAD AND RAIL TRANSPORT MODES

Goal. Starting with the full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022, the aggressor country began to make it difficult to access major ports in southern Ukraine, limiting the importation, transportation, and export of grain. This forced shippers to look for alternative routes for transporting grain to foreign seaports. A large share of the transportation of grain cargo fell on railway transport and on western terminals, which caused long queues at crossing points. Restrictions also affected the capacity of internal railway lines. To restore the transportation of agricultural goods and increase the efficiency of the organization of grain transportation, it is necessary to conduct a study of the logistics costs of road and rail transportation, considering such factors as the type of shipment, the volume of cargo, time costs, the cost of transportation, and the capacity of border crossings and terminals. Method. The research was carried out based on statistical analysis, methods of operational work for calculating the norms of mass and length of route trains, a comprehensive analysis of logistics costs when transporting various types of shipments by rail and road modes of transport, considering the technical equipment of terminals and the capacity of crossing points, the train formation plan (TFP). The results. Based on calculations, the conditional lengths of route trains are determined, with their further bringing them to the current PFP on the railways of Ukraine; the cost of delivery of grain cargoes when transported by rail was calculated for various types of shipments, and a comparison was made with road transport; terms of cargo delivery, main advantages and disadvantages of each type of transportation are determined; analysed and selected the best method of transportation of agricultural cargo, taking into account the weight of the cargo being transported, the time spent on transportation along the tracking routes; a comparison of financial costs per ton of cargo was made; proposed options for increasing the throughput of border railway stations. The work also identifies the busiest terminals that carry out a significant share of cargo processing at border railway stations with a relatively large capacity and technical support for the transhipment of grain depending on the types of shipments, namely: railway stations and their transitions - Chop - Chierna-nad-Tysoy, Mostyska II-Medyka and Izov - Hrebushiv. Practical significance. The obtained results can be applied in decision-making systems for shippers, which will help in choosing the optimal route and type of rolling stock for cargo transportation. The rational choice of types of shipments and transfer stations makes it possible to use technical means for cargo transhipment as effectively as possible, to reduce the waiting time of wagons at border stations while waiting for technological operations and to reduce the time for these operations, to reduce the total costs of transporting agricultural goods. Options for increasing the throughput capacity of border stations will make it possible to speed up the delivery of cargo by speeding up the execution of mandatory operations performed at transhipment points or by removing part of such operations altogether.

ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GONDOLA CAR BODY STRUCTURES

The article is devoted to the analysis of promising directions for the development of gondola car body structures. It considers the history of the emergence of gondola cars as a separate type of railway rolling stock. The authors systemise the design of gondola cars and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various designs. The study has shown that the manufacture of the two-axle gondola cars began in the second half of the 19th century. They were designed mainly for transporting coal and iron ore, with their bodies made of wood. Further design improvement led to the appearance of four-axle gondola cars with increased load capacity. Rolled metal began to be used in body structures to improve strength. Particular attention in the article goes to analysing the results of innovative design and technological solutions intended to enhance the efficiency and reliability of body structures. The research indicates that attempts to replace steel with aluminium alloys in manufacturing bodies did not yield results. The reason is the high cost of aluminium and the labour-intensive manufacturing. A promising direction is the use of low-alloy steels 10KhSND and 10KhNDP. For many years, there has been a trend in the railcar-building industry toward producing higher-load gondola cars. It requires increasing the axle load to 25 tons. However, implementing such cars necessitates a substantial restructuring of the railway infrastructure. We consider the design features of innovative domestic gondola cars in detail. The latest technical solutions for the body frame, efficient materials, and components with improved performance have doubled the overhaul mileage. The article analyses the North American experience of gondola car construction and operation. It shows that some models of American gondola cars use longitudinal cylindrical boxes to increase the body volume and reduce the car’s centre of mass. They are on both sides of the girder beam and occupy the space between the carts. Aluminium alloys are also widely used: the frame and lower part of the body are steel, and the side and end walls are aluminium alloy. Keywords: gondola car, body, girder beam, pivot beam, side walls, hatch cover, reliability.

МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОСТОРОВИХ КОЛИВАНЬ РУХОМОГО СКЛАДУ ЗАЛІЗНИЦЬ

The development of railway transport is accompanied by the introduction of innovative equipment and modern information technologies. The creation of railway rolling stock and rail machinery requires an assessment of their strength and dynamic qualities even at the stage of design and experimental production, therefore, the development of specialized software for evaluating the main parameters of the rolling stock structures being created is an urgent scientific and applied problem for railway transport and transport engineering. Theoretical studies of spatial fluctuations of certain types of railway rolling stock were performed and recommendations were obtained for the formation of parameters of the structures of freight cars and special rolling stock. When conducting theoretical research, the author's DYNRAIL-PRO software complex was used, which was verified and the reliability of the calculation results was proven.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ ЗМІН КАПІТАЛЬНИХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ, ЗАГРОЗ ТА РИЗИКІВ

The article examines the trends of changes in capital investment in industry and determines the trends of further investment in conditions of uncertainty, threats and risks. Capital investments in industry for 2010-2022 were analyzed. It was determined that the general level of capital investments in the industry of Ukraine in the period 2010-2022 increased, with the exception of 2020. The number of industrial enterprises that introduced innovations for the period 2013-2020 was analyzed as a percentage of the total number. During the period 2013-2016, there was an increase in enterprises that implemented innovative processes in their activities, in 2017 and 2019, there was a slight decrease in innovative activity compared to the previous period. It is substantiated that the main vectors of development among science-intensive types of industry and mechanical engineering should become: the development of the aviation industry, rocket and space technology, the production of new types of rolling stock, the development of the energy industry, the production of electronic equipment and the modernization of the defense complex. To ensure the security and competitiveness of the state, it is necessary to develop modern types of weapons and military equipment. Among the priorities: radar systems, high-precision weapons and means of their destruction, missile complexes of various ranges. In order to maintain competitive positions in the field of mining and metallurgical production, it is necessary to develop directions for the diversification of production, optimization of the structure according to the nomenclature range, development of new types of goods and services on the basis of existing production capacities. It is necessary to develop and attract new, more effective methods of development of natural reserves of mineral raw materials.

Determining the energy efficiency indicators of the diesel train DPKr-2 and the rail bus 620M based on traction calculations using the numerical method of solving the equation of train movement

The purpose of the article is to compare the technical and energy parameters of the diesel train DPKr-2 and the railbus 620M based on traction calculations using mathematical modeling when solving the train movement equation. The mathematical model of the train is adapted to determine the movement parameters of the specified rolling stock units according to different variable phase coordinates for different movement modes. To achieve this purpose, the authors used methods of system analysis, nonlinear programming, and numerical methods for solving differential equations. The accuracy of the calculations was verified using simulation modeling methods and compared with experimental data. To analyze the results, the obtained indicators of traction calculations – technical speed and specific consumption of diesel fuel – were compared. As a result of the comparison, the specific fuel consumption per ton-kilometer meter, a significant saving of energy resources is observed. Comparative specific fuel consumption per passenger-kilometer meter, on the contrary, indicates an increase in the consumption of energy resources. The mathematical model of the train is adapted to determine the movement parameters of diesel trains and rail buses according to different variable phase coordinates for different drive modes. The practical significance lies in determining the efficiency indicators of the use of different types of rolling stock on the railways of Ukraine, taking into account economic, social and migration factors.

Підвищення ефективності перевезень на технологічних маршрутах транспортно-виробничої системи перевезення металургійних шлаків

In this article, the method of selecting the number and carrying capacity of rolling stock on the technological routes of the transport and production system of recycling technological waste of a metallurgical enterprise has been improved. The main features of the organization of the transportation of metallurgical slag at domestic enterprises are given, among which it is advisable to highlight the following: a limited number of types of rolling stock on the routes, a short distance of cargo transportation (compared to the transportation of other types of cargo), continuous technological processes, which lead to a 24-hour working mode with minimal interruptions for lunch and staff changes, fairly stable daily volume of transportation, etc. The selection of the number and carrying capacity of rolling stock as one of the main means of managing transport and production systems is substantiated. It is proposed to choose as a criterion for the effectiveness of the system's functioning - the minimum time for the transport to be idle while waiting for the performance of cargo operations. For this, the traditional formulas for calculating the required number of rolling stock on the transport route were transformed. Taking into account the above-mentioned features of the functioning of the transport and production system, the expressions for determining the necessary number of rolling stock were obtained, taking into account the criterion - the minimum time for the transport to be idle while waiting for the performance of cargo operations. This made it possible to carry out calculations with the simultaneous use of vehicles of different load capacities. The results of the calculations made it possible to determine the most rational option for using rolling stock of a certain carrying capacity. In order to assess the possible impact of unevenness, traffic schedules of vehicles on the transportation route were constructed. A statistical analysis of the duration of the load was carried out, which made it possible to determine that a decrease in the duration of idle time is observed in 40% of vehicle turnovers, of which only 3% of cases can lead to violations of the rhythmicity of the schedule. Thus, establishing a rational length of downtime of dump trucks while waiting for unloading is an important element of the organization of the transportation process.

PENGENALAN SARANA PERKERETAAPIAN PADA SISWA DAN GURU SMPN 1 NGRAHO BOJONEGORO

At this time, transportation and mobility of people in Indonesia have used many modes of rail transportation. This choice is influenced by the various advantages offered by rail transportation modes such as its large and efficient transport capacity, on time and good accessibility. Railway technology has undergone very significant developments in recent times. Starting from conventional trains, electric trains and even fast trains (High-speed Train). One of the things that influence the development of railways is the application of science and technology, one of which is science and engineering. Therefore, strengthening the basis of science and introducing technology must be carried out, including at the primary and secondary education levels as an effort to prepare quality human resources for the development of railroad technology in the future. The introduction of rolling stock to students and teachers at SMPN 1 Ngraho Bojonegoro aims to enable students and teachers to have a deeper understanding of railway technology, especially the types of railway facilities in the hope that it will become one of the tools in learning science and technology. The method used in this activity is counseling with several stages such as preparation, implementation and evaluation. The core activity is to provide a presentation regarding the development of railway technology in general, followed by an understanding of railway facilities and types of rolling stock. The results of the evaluation showed that there was an increase in knowledge and understanding regarding railways and rolling stock among the participants. The average percentage increase in understanding of grades pre-test and post-test is equal to 76.5%. In addition, 80% of respondents stated that this activity was very useful.

Study of the basic criteria of the pantograph and overhead line interaction in operating conditions

In this work, the basic criteria of the process of the pantograph and overhead line interaction of railway rolling stock are considered. An analysis of the causes and consequences of impaired current collection was also performed. The analysis of existing systems and technical means for determining the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the pantograph and overhead line interaction was carried out and their classification was carried out according to the location, the principle of obtaining information and controlled parameters. Based on the results of research, the main quantitative and qualitative indicators of the interaction of current collectors with the overhead line in the conditions of operation on the railways of Ukraine, which should be subject to control, have been established. Field tests were also conducted to determine such indicators in real operating conditions of railway rolling stock. According to the results of the research, an experimental complex was developed to determine the indicators of the interaction of current receivers of various types of rolling stock with the contact network in operating conditions.

Modelling the influence of platform dimensions on platform-train interface (PTI) incidents on metro railways

Injuries caused by falling in, or tripping over, the gap between the train and platform edge represent a significant portion of all accidents occurring annually in the rail sector. Based on discussions with subject matter experts and by literature searches it appears that previous attempts to understand the relationships between gap dimensions and incident occurrences have been limited and often unproductive. This study defines that relationship by analysing incident data relating to trips and falls at the platform-train interface over a period of a decade on the London Underground system. A positive correlation between the horizontal gap dimension and fall incident parameters has been identified using Spearman’s Rank coefficient and Kendall’s τ –B. Less prominent correlations with vertical and diagonal gap dimensions were also observed. Fitted exponential models were found to represent relationships with horizontal gap most effectively and showed excellent correlation with incident data gathered for the rollout of a new rolling stock type. These models have been used to define safety mitigation strategies which have been successfully implemented on the London Underground, reducing PTI incidents and hence injuries to passengers.

Improvements to the procedure for determination of the residual lifetime of railway vehicles

Existing research concerning the extention of the service life of various types of railway vehicles and assessing its remaining lifetime has been reviewed and analyzed. It has been established that the vast majority of studies relate to the assessment of the residual lifetime of various types of railway rolling stock based on the results of technical diagnostics and routine tests, as well as the assessment of corrosion wear of supporting elements and vehicles bodies. At the same time, little attention has been paid to the issue of improving existing programs and procedures of complex technical diagnostics. It was determined that the set of diagnostics operations for the extension of the service life includes routine tests of a test sample and examination of the technical condition of the metal structure of each railway vehicle for mechanical and corrosive damage.It is proposed to make changes to the existing current programs and procedures in such key sections as: terminology, objects of technical diagnostics and tests, selection of a test sample for routine tests, execution order and methods of technical diagnostics and routine tests, data processing and evaluation of results. A comprehensive approach for assessing the residual lifetime of railway vehicles is also proposed.

Совершенствование грузовой и коммерческой работы на железнодорожном транспорте: концепция и инструментарий

Purpose: The article offers a solution to the problem of low efficiency of freight and commercial work at railway stations with a small loading volume. The goals and objectives of the national project “Digital Economy” and the program “Digital Railway” are considered. The methods of improving freight and commercial work currently used in railway transport to increase the productivity of stations and to increase workload without capital investments in infrastructure are outlined. A prospective algorithm for processing wagons on departure has been formed. The concept of improving the technology of receiving a wagon for transportation is proposed. An intelligent system for receiving wagons for transportation using a neural network has been developed. The results of the development of a program for determining the types of rolling stock in the image are shown. Methods: Methods of analysis, synthesis and neural networks, the theory of automatic control are used. Results: A solution to the problem of increasing the efficiency of the technology of receiving wagons for transportation at stations with insignificant loading volumes is proposed. Practical significance: The introduction of the developed intelligent system at railway stations will improve the quality and speed of commercial inspection when accepting a car for transportation.

Основы методики выбора и обоснования видов городского общественного транспорта Ирака

Purpose: Improving the urban public transport (UPT) system to ensure its efficient operation in Iraqi cities. Choice and justification of the urban transport mode in Najaf (Iraq), which will improve safety and speed of movement of passengers. Justification of the application areas for different types of transport in Iraqi cities by optimizing and selecting modes of passenger transport based on traffic volume, passenger density and urban characteristics. Methods: Statistical processing, functional analysis, mathematical modelling, probability theory, analysis of urban passenger transport in Iraqi cities, classifying Iraqi cities by main characteristics: population density, area, level of motorization, the maximum length of the territory, analysis of passenger traffic intensity and average capacity of the rolling stock. Results: New boundaries of average passenger flow density intervals have been adjusted for groups of Iraqi cities, allowing for the selection of the type of UPT and its share of transportation for each type of rolling stock. A distribution of urban transport modes has been proposed, taking into account the characteristics of Iraqi cities according to their classification. Practical significance: The application of the developed proposals and activities allows: to justify and select the types of urban transport systems for the city of Najaf; to calculate passenger traffic on six different routes with maximum traffic for the city of Najaf; to determine the classification of rolling stock capacity series and the UPT options for Iraqi cities; to provide recommendations for the development of the transport network of Iraqi cities. The proposed distribution of urban transport modes improves public transport services and the quality of use of each mode of transport.

Measurement Repeatability of Rail Wheel Loads Caused by Rolling Surface Damages

The repeatability of rail wheel damage measurements is considered in this study. The authors investigated the measurement repeatability of vertical force dependence on wheel-rolling surface damage nature and suggested ways to reach higher repeatability. To investigate wheel-rolling surface damage impact on vertical force measurement repeatability, the results of measuring forces with different measurement systems were compared first. Another critical issue was estimating the deviation field for the measured force values. The box and whisker principles were used. Different types (shapes) of rail wheel damages and rolling stock operating conditions were examined by field tests. The article presents the dependence determined by the authors, and how the repeatability of the wheel damage measurement depends on the speed of the rolling stock.

Динамические силы воздействия колеса на рельс при безбалластной конструкции пути RHEDA 2000

Purpose: Experimental determination of vertical dynamic forces of wheel impact on a rail at ballastless construction of railway track RHEDA2000 upper structure with subsequent analysis of obtained data; definition of main factors affecting vertical dynamic force value; identification of dependence of change in the value of wheel vertical dynamic force impact on a rail from motion speed and rolling stock type; calculation of coefficients of vertical dynamics at ballastless construction of rail upper structure. Methods: Measurement of wheel vertical dynamic force impact on a rail was carried out by strain-gauge method (Schlumpf method). Numerical values of those, obtained in the course of experiment, were processed by mathematical statistics method, in its turn, probability level was taken equal to 0.994. Results: The values of vertical dynamic forces of wheel impact on a rail for ballastless structure of RHEDA2000 type at rolling stock different types and various ranges of motion speed have been determined. The dependence of change in the value of wheel vertical dynamic force impact on a rail from motion speed and rolling stock type has been graphically built. Comparison of vertical dynamics coefficients of ballastless construction of railway RHEDA2000 upper structure with the construction of a track on a ballast has been carried out. Practical significance: The obtained results can be used in projection, construction, reconstruction and repair of railway track where track ballastless upper composition is provided.

Sustainable pricing of tariffs for rolling stock operators: Principles and mathematical analysis

An analysis of the sustainability of tariff pricing by operators of rolling stock in the railway industry has been conducted. The paper covers various aspects, including an analysis of wagon turnover, changes in the prices of leasing rolling stock, and the influence of market demonopolization on tariff rates. The dynamics of changes in leasing prices for various types of rolling stock, such as flatwagons, tank wagons, covered wagons, and platforms, are being investigated. The analysis presented in this paper is of significant importance for understanding and optimizing the management processes of railway transport, as well as for the development of sustainable pricing strategies that contribute to more efficient and economically sustainable activities in the railway transportation sector.

Energy Efficiency of High-Speed Railways

The world is becoming more dependent on energy resources, which translates into political dependency on energy-exported states. This will significantly impact the economy, transport, and the environment around the world. Railway transport is becoming an essential mode of transportation because it can operate on an electrified network and has zero carbon emissions. High-Speed Railways (HSR) is an energy-intensive transport system, and it is important economically and environmentally to reduce the amount of used energy. This study examined high-speed rail from an energy efficiency point of view and found factors that can significantly reduce the energy consumption of high-speed rail. This research aims to answer the question that motivated this research: what fundamental factors affect the energy consumption of the selected HSR systems? It estimated the dynamic changes in the total energy consumption for seven HSR systems from 2010-2017 and benchmarked the most energy efficient HSR systems. The non-radial Data Envelopment Analyses methodology has been used to fulfil this research. To conduct complex statistical analyses, IBM SPSS has been applied. The main findings have shown that the decrease in vehicle mass, improved design of high-speed rolling stock and increased occupancy of trains will support the reduction of energy consumption by high-speed railways. The changes in energy consumption strongly correlate with the type of high-speed rolling stock and operational strategies. The expected outcomes of this research will contribute to developing and advancing more sustainable HSR systems. This research will support train operators in making decisions when acquiring new trains and assess the benefits of acceleration in modernising the current rolling stock.

Development of a Semiconductor Time Relay for Locomotives

Purpose. The need to replace the outdated element base of locomotive electrical apparatuses is urgent under conditions of locomotive overhaul to extend their service life. The main aim of the work is to reduce costs for the operation and repair of rolling stock by increasing the reliability of electrical apparatuses, the introduction of unified technical solutions. Methodology. Using the system-historical approach, the advantages and disadvantages of the main design principles of electrical apparatuses of locomotives are found out. The improvement directions of the elemental base of the time relay have been determined. The need to develop unified technical solutions for the implementation of locomotive time relays is substantiated. Using the methods of applied theory of digital machines and circuit engineering, a semiconductor time relay for locomotives was developed, which provides the possibility of implementing 23 options for time delay without changing the relay design. The proposed methodology allows designing universal electronic relays with any ranges of time delays. A combination of binary counters and a multiplexer is used as the main elements of the time delay control. The absence of elements of control capacitance and active resistance (RC circuits) in the scheme of the proposed semiconductor time relay allows ensuring the stability of the time relay characteristics over the entire operating interval, reducing the maintenance and repair costs of electrical apparatuses. Findings. A unified time relay with a wide range of time delay and the possibility of connecting electrical circuits of locomotives with a supply voltage of 50 and 110 V has been developed. The obtained results make it possible to predict the further development of semiconductor time relays and to apply the developed semiconductor (electronic) time relay for all types of railway rolling stock. Originality. In the work, the development of technologies and the element base of locomotive electrical apparatuses were analysed. The need to improve the element base of electrical apparatuses is substantiated using a time relay example. Practical value. Based on the proposed technical solutions, it is possible to produce a universal semiconductor time relay for locomotives.