Type Of Residence Research Articles

Skin tropism during Usutu virus and West Nile virus infection: an amplifying and immunological role.

Usutu virus (USUV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are closely related emerging arboviruses belonging to the Flavivirus genus and posing global public health concerns. Although human infection by these viruses is mainly asymptomatic, both have been associated with neurological disorders such as encephalitis and meningoencephalitis. Since USUV and WNV are transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito, the skin represents the initial site of virus inoculation and provides the first line of host defense. Although some data on the early stages of WNV skin infection are available, very little is known about USUV. Herein, USUV-skin resident cell interactions were characterized. Using primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts, an early replication of USUV during the first 24 hours was shown in both skin cells. In human skin explants, a high viral tropism for keratinocytes was observed. USUV infection of these models induced type I and III interferon responses associated with upregulated expression of various interferon-stimulated genes as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes. Among the four USUV lineages studied, the Europe 2 strain replicated more efficiently in skin cells and induced a higher innate immune response. In vivo, USUV and WNV disseminated quickly from the inoculation site to distal cutaneous tissues. In addition, viral replication and persistence in skin cells were associated with an antiviral response. Taken together, these results provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the early steps of USUV infection and suggest that the skin constitutes a major amplifying organ for USUV and WNV infection.IMPORTANCEUsutu virus (USUV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are closely related emerging Flaviviruses transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Since they are directly inoculated within the upper skin layers, the interactions between the virus and skin cells are critical in the pathophysiology of USUV and WNV infection. Here, during the early steps of infection, we showed that USUV can efficiently infect two human resident skin cell types at the inoculation site: the epidermal keratinocytes and the dermal fibroblasts, leading to the induction of an antiviral innate immune response. Moreover, following cutaneous inoculation, we demonstrated that both viruses can rapidly spread, replicate, and persist in all distal cutaneous tissues in mice, a phenomenon associated with a generalized skin inflammatory response. These results highlight the key amplifying and immunological role of the skin during USUV and WNV infection.

SHORT-TERM MEMORY PROCESSES IN CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES

The study evaluates the extent of online teaching among instructors at the selected universities in the Philippines. The study utilized 120 faculty members from the private and state universities in the Philippines. Participants of this study were classified according to gender, type of residence, number of years in teaching, highest educational attainment, and department. The researchers used quantitative and qualitative research designs. The quantitative research design utilized a Likert -type data instrument and statistical tools used were mean, t-test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study was submitted and evaluated for its contents by the experts in the qualitative method. Moreover, qualitative data and information will be gathered through the interview to be conducted by the researchers themselves. The qualitative design process was guided by the qualitative and qualitative experts and was based on a qualitative framework by Creswell (2012). Results revealed that online teaching using JEL was "very high." The challenges derived from the qualitative views and statements experienced by the respondents were the following: (1) interrupted and unstable signal, (2) technical issues in the middle of using, (3) unpreparedness of the respondents as they shared that they need more training and hands-on, and (4) frequent maintenance of JEL.

Early Child Marriages, Unintended Pregnancies, and its impact on the Health of Young Girls in South Punjab

Background: Unwanted pregnancies are a significant public health issue in South Punjab, Pakistan, largely due to low contraception use and a substantial unmet need for family planning. The high fertility rate and maternal mortality in the region are further compounded by the prevalence of unwanted pregnancies, which also contribute to educational dropouts among girls and affect maternal health adversely. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the impact of education level, household size, wealth index, and type of residency on pregnancy intentions among women in Southern Punjab. Methods: Utilizing a survey design, data from 1,100 women aged 13 to 49, both from slum and non-slum areas across several districts in Southern Punjab, were analysed. Logistic regression and simple percentages were employed to assess the associations between socio-demographic factors and pregnancy intentions. Results: The results indicated that women with higher education levels had a higher proportion of intended pregnancies (220 out of 320, 68.75%) compared to those with no education (20 out of 70, 28.57%). In terms of household size, smaller households (1-2 persons) had a higher incidence of intended pregnancies (60 out of 130, 46.15%) compared to larger households (6 or more persons, 230 out of 490, 46.94%). Regarding the wealth index, the 'rich' category showed a higher likelihood of intended pregnancies (200 out of 255, 78.43%) compared to the 'poor' category (200 out of 530, 37.74%). Additionally, women residing in non-slum areas reported a higher rate of intended pregnancies (340 out of 550, 61.82%) than those in slum areas (350 out of 550, 63.64%). Conclusion: The study underscores the influence of socio-demographic factors on pregnancy intentions. Education level, household size, wealth index, and type of residency are pivotal in determining the likelihood of intended pregnancies. Tailoring family planning initiatives to these factors can significantly improve reproductive health outcomes in Southern Punjab.

Safe, Social, and Engaged: Clinician perspectives on good institution‐free days for people with dementia

AbstractBackgroundComposite measures of survival and residence, such as institution‐free days (IFDs), encompass many patient and family priorities and are readily measured using payer claims or electronic health record data. However, knowledge gaps limit their application to studies of people with dementia (PWD). First, PWD, family care partners, and clinician perspectives on survival‐residence composite outcomes are unknown. Second, approaches to measuring IFDs consider all institution days equally poor and all home days equally well, which may be inconsistent with stakeholder assessments.MethodWe conducted a qualitative study to explore stakeholders’ perspectives on what makes a “good day” for a PWD. This included semi‐structured interviews with clinicians who provide care to PWD. Clinicians were also asked for their opinions regarding the use of survival‐residence composite outcomes in dementia research. Interviews were audio‐recorded and professionally transcribed. De‐identified transcripts were reviewed by the research team independently and during weekly consensus meetings to identify relevant themes.ResultThematic saturation was reached after 24 interviews. Nearly half of clinicians also had personal experience as a care partner of a PWD. Participant characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Salient themes were identified and grouped into 2 major categories: (1) attributes of quality of days for PWD, and (2) impressions of survival‐residence composite outcomes (Table 2). Key attributes of quality of days were safety, socialization and engagement, and neuropsychiatric distress. These qualities were more important in defining “home” than type of residence (Figure). Clinicians appreciated that a survival‐residence composite outcome, such as IFDs, could capture the important aspects of “aging in place” and avoiding burdensome hospitalizations. They also noted a desire for such a measure to capture the quality of those days. Concerns were raised over how differential access to home‐based services due to socioeconomic factors would influence patient accrual of IFDs and whether such a measure might also increase existing stigma around institutions.ConclusionFuture work will integrate these findings with the perspectives of PWD and their family care partners as well as further explore the relative values of these attributes of a survival‐residence composite outcome for studies of patients with ADRD.

Consumer perception of food value: A comparative study of global supermarkets and local farmers' markets in Slovakia

Abstract The paper explores how Slovak consumers perceive the value of food, sold by different retail formats (especially farmers’ markets and supermarkets), in terms of the quality, price, and healthiness. The aim of this paper is to evaluate consumer perceptions regarding global and local types of retail stores where they buy food most frequently. In the study, the segmentation of consumers by generation, income, and type of residence is provided. From the methodological point of view, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests are used to test hypotheses. According to the sample of respondents (n = 1,004), large-scale stores do not offer healthier and higher-quality food. This perception, however, varies based on the income of the consumer groups. On the other hand, respondents perceive that food sold at farmers’ markets is healthier and of higher quality than food in conventional stores. They do not perceive that food sold at farmers’ markets is cheaper than food in conventional stores.

Load Data Analysis Based on Timestamp-Based Self-Adaptive Evolutionary Clustering

Smart grid system can obtain users' daily load data, and by clustering, we can get users' load profiles to divide them into industrial, commercial and residential types. Load data has the characteristic of changing periodically. Within a period, the load profiles are relatively stable. However, load profiles often changes significantly according to reasons like holidays and season changing. When conducting a continuous clustering task for consecutive days, traditional clustering algorithms cannot consider the time-dimension features into analysis, which may make clustering results be very different even if user behaviors are almost the same. Evolutionary clustering (EC) can be taken into consideration. EC doesn't ignore historical clustering results and makes results more stable in a period. However, when dramatic changes happen in user behaviors, the quality of EC's clustering results will decrease significantly. This paper proposed an optimized evolutionary clustering algorithm: Timestamp-Based Self-Adaptive Evolutionary Clustering (TBSAEC). TBSAEC is based on evolutionary clustering, and takes a heuristic approach to pick the evolutionary parameter to maximize the total quality for one certain timestamp. TBSAEC maintains the stability of continuous-time clustering results while better adapting to changes in user behaviors. Besides, TBSAEC optimize the running efficiency of the algorithm by picking samples in equal portions from historical data instead of the whole data. We applied TBSAEC to the load data of a certain region in east China in 2015, and the results showed that TBSAEC is 3% to 9% higher than the ordinary evolutionary clustering algorithm in total quality, and 87% faster than the ordinary algorithm. Applying TBSAEC to power grid systems can provide more precise users' load profiles, which makes them create more accurate and profitable power plans.

Spatial variation and determinants of solid fuel use in Ethiopia; Mixed effect and spatial analysis using 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey dataset.

According to UNSD, World Bank, and WHO, a 2020 joint report, 3 billion people who used solid fuel were found in low and middle-income countries. The burning of such type of fuel emits a variety of pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2, organic compounds, and other substances which a had wide range of public health problems The evidence from the WHO report, indoor air pollution was attributed to around 3.2 million deaths each year in 2020, and more than 237 000 deaths of children under the age of five. This study aims to investigate solid fuel prevalence, predictors, and spatial variation in Ethiopia. This study was conducted in Ethiopia based on the fifth Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys 2019 dataset. 8,663 households were successfully interviewed at a response rate of 99%. Weighted by sampling weight was done to do a reliable statistical analysis. Fuel type was used as the outcome variable whereas sex of household head (male or female), wealth index (poor, middle, and rich), educational status (no education, primary, secondary, higher), having television and radio, a separate room used as a kitchen, were individual predictor variables and community level education(lower/higher), residence(urban/rural), community level media exposure (exposed/unexposed), region (pastoralist, semi-pastoralist, Agrarian, and City administration) were community level variables. All the above analyses were conducted using Excel Microsoft 2016, STATA 14, ArcGIS 10.7, and SaTScan 10.1 software. The majority (72.62%) of household heads were males. The overall national level of solid fuel use was 87.13% (95% CI (86.4%-87.82%)). From this 87.13% of solid fuel use, 18.60% accounts for urban and 68.53% for rural parts of the country. Educational status, having television, accessing electricity, and wealth index were individual-level variables community-level education, type of residence, and region were community-level variables significantly associated factors towards solid fuel use in our study. Global (z-score = 33.109144, P-value <0.0001), local (hot spot, cluster, and outlier), and Spatial Scan statistical analyses revealed that there was a major geographical variation in solid fuel use across Ethiopia. Based on this finding, the prevalence of solid fuel use was higher in Ethiopia. Educational status, having television, accessing electricity, and wealth index were individual-level variables and community-level education, type of residence, and region were community-level variables statistically significant factors in determining fuel choice for cooking. There was significant spatial variation in the prevalence of solid-fuel use across the country. In order to addressing such heavily dependent on solid fuel use, responsible bodies like health policy makers, national and international organizations, and public health researchers should work on showing health problems of solid fuel use and the means of increasing clean fuel use. Substantial policy modifications are desirable to reach access to clean fuels and technologies (SDG 7.1.2) by 2030 to address health inequities.

The nutrient intake spectrum: Analyzing the impact of gender and living arrangements in student’s diets

Introduction: University students experience critical stages of growth while pursuing higher education, necessitating proper nourishment to support physical, mental, and cognitive health. However, maintaining a healthy diet is challenging due to various factors such as academic pressures, social obligations, financial constraints, and the availability of unhealthy food options. Prior research has often focused on specific aspects of student nutrition, overlooking the complex interplay of factors such as gender and living arrangements that significantly influence dietary choices. Aim: This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting nutrient consumption among university students, considering the roles of gender and living arrangements, to inform targeted interventions for improving students' dietary behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 296 students from a public university in Bangladesh was conducted using stratified random sampling to ensure the representation of different residence types and genders. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire and a validated 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient intakes were calculated using the standardized food composition table of Bangladesh, and statistical analyses, including independent sample t-tests, were applied to assess the significance of differences in dietary intake. Results: The study found variations in both macro and micronutrient intake based on living arrangements and gender. Male dormitory residents showed a higher intake of energy, while home-based female students consumed more calcium. Iron and copper intake was highest among male students living at home. Significant differences in nutrient intake were identified, highlighting the complex influence of living arrangements and gender on students' dietary choices. Conclusion: Gender and living arrangements are pivotal in shaping the nutritional intake of university students. The study’s findings emphasize the need for university administrators and policymakers to consider these factors when designing educational programs and meal plans to ensure they meet the diverse nutritional needs of the student population. Such targeted interventions could significantly enhance the dietary habits and overall health of students in university settings

Assessing Water Quality Dynamics in Tidally Influenced Blackwater Rivers along a Rural–Urban Gradient

The aim of this research was to identify the impacts of land use and subsequent pulse-driven events on water quality across a gradient of urbanization spanning three blackwater rivers in northeast Florida that contribute to a common estuary ecosystem. Three blackwater rivers in St. Augustine, FL, were classified as rural, suburban, and urban, based on percentages of residential, industrial, and commercial parcel type. Turbidity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, chlorophyll a, salinity, and pH were measured at 15 min intervals from May to December 2020. Monthly phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, total coliforms, and E. coli concentrations were also examined. Principal component analyses identified the distance to the freshwater source, distance to the inlet, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH as major sources of variance between the sites. Significant physicochemical differences between sites are more likely due to a site’s proximity to an inlet or freshwater source, rather than the percent of urban parcels, and site distance to freshwater and saltwater influences should be considered due to its influence on water quality in estuarine systems. This study provides insight into potential water quality responses to urbanization, or lack thereof, and addresses challenges in selecting the optimal site locations for long-term in situ water quality monitoring studies of urbanization in blackwater rivers.

Neighbourhood mothers’ education and its differential impact on stunting: Evidence from 30 Sub-Saharan African countries

The study used data from Demographic and Health Surveys for 30 Sub-Saharan African countries to investigate differences in the residential effects of mothers' education on stunting. Multilevel logistic regressions were employed to examine the neighbourhood effects of mothers' education on stunting. The study found that although a higher proportion of mothers with secondary education in a neighbourhood, irrespective of the residence type (rural or urban), reduces a child's probability of being stunted, this effect is stronger for children residing in rural areas than those in the urban. Achieving a target of at least 75 per cent of mothers obtaining secondary education and higher will bridge the rural-urban gap in stunting in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Impact of COVID-19 Epidemics on Paediatric and Adult Patients with Haemophilia Treated in a Haemophilia Therapeutic Centre

Abstract Introduction: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed an unprecedented health crisis for all humans, including people with haemophilia. Aim: To investigate the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the infection, symptoms, drug use, and social intercourses of patients with haemophilia. Methods: 265 adults or children with haemophilia followed up in the Haemophilia Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic were collected and analyzed between January 2022 and January 2023. Results: A total of 265 patients participated in this survey, 30.2% were children and 69.8% were adults. During the COVID-19 pandemic, coagulation factors were not associated with the type and severity of haemophilia, residence, or infection. Compared with adult patients, more children reduced social intercourses and outdoor activities due to the fear of COVID-19 (85.0% vs 66.5%; p = 0.002). The bleeding events were also significantly lower in children than in adult patients (61.2% vs 81.1%; p = 0.001). The SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was significantly higher in patients living in urban areas than in rural areas (74.3% vs 53.6%; p &amp;lt; 0.001). The lasting time of symptoms after infection was not significantly associated with hemorrhage, type and classification of haemophilia, presence of inhibitors, complications, and vaccination. Conclusions: The accompaniment of COVID-19 did not significantly influence the symptoms and treatments in patients with haemophilia. Compared with adults, the number of pediatric patients with bleeding events was significantly lower . Keyword: COVID-19, haemophilia, hemorrhage, infection, symptoms

Association between psychological distress and mental help-seeking intentions in international students of national university of Singapore: a mediation analysis of mental health literacy.

International students encounter a wide range of challenges that can have a significant impact on their mental health. Seeking help is one of the primary means of managing mental health, and more attention is required. This study aimed to investigate the psychological distress(PD), mental health literacy(MHL), and mental help-seeking intentions(MHSI) in international students of National University of Singapore(NUS), to explore the correlation between the three and to verify the mediating role of MHL in PD and MHSI. This cross-sectional study was conducted between May and July 2023 using the Mental Help Seeking Intention Scale(MHSIS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7), and Mental Health Literacy Scale(MHLS). 281 international students(177 males, 104 females;) in NUS completed self-report questionnaires. SPSS 25.0 was applied to the data for descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. Mediation analysis fully for all potential confounding factors were conducted. Significant correlations were found between PD, MHL and MHSI. MHLS- knowledge of how to seek professional information(MHLS- H) completely mediated the association of anxiety with MHSI[B=-0.271; 95% confidence interval(CI): (-0.067, 0.0037)]; MHLS- attitude that promote recognition or appropriate help-seeking behavior(stigma)(MHLS- H) partially mediated the association of PD with MHSI[B = 0.104, 95% CI: (0.008, 0.179)]; with mediating effects accounting for 100% and 24.847% of the total effect. In addition, demographic variables such as gender, years in Singapore and residence type mediated both the direct and indirect effect of the mediation model. MHL mediated both the direct and indirect effects on the association between PD and MHSI, especially, the mediator of the MHLS- H and MHL-A. It means that MHSI in this population can be improved by increasing MHL and thus the PD. The findings suggest that, such as providing information about how to access to professional services and promoting disorder recognition to the international students, may help them develop their psychological well-being and good mental health care decisions.

A geospatial assessment of industrial releases and pediatric neuroblastic tumours at diagnosis: A retrospective case series

Environmental risk factors associated with malignancy of pediatric neuroblastic tumours are not well-known and few studies have examined the relationship between industrial emissions and neuroblastic tumour diagnosis. A retrospective case series of 310 patients was evaluated at a tertiary hospital in Toronto, Canada between January 2008, and December 2018. Data from the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) were used to estimate exposure for a dozen chemicals with known or suspected carcinogenicity or embryotoxicity. Comparative analysis and predictive logistic regression models for malignant versus benign neuroblastic tumours included variables for residential proximity, number, and type of industries, mean total emissions within 2 km, and inverse distance weighted (IDW) quantity of chemical-specific industrial emissions estimated within 10 and 50 km of cases. No significant difference was seen between malignant and benign cases with respect to the mean nearest residential distance to industry, the number or type of industry, or the mean total quantity of industrial emissions within a 2 km radius of residential location of cases. However, there were statistically significant differences in the interpolated IDW emissions of dioxins and furans released between 1993 and 2019 within 10 km. Concentrations were significantly higher in malignant neuroblastic tumours at 1.65 grams (g) toxic equivalent (TEQ) (SD 2.01 g TEQ) compared to benign neuroblastic tumours at 1.13 g TEQ (SD 0.84 g TEQ) (p = 0.05). Within 50 km 3 years prior to diagnosis, malignant cases were exposed to higher levels of aluminum, benzene, and nitrogen dioxide (p = 0.02, p = 0.04, and p = 0.02 respectively). Regression analysis of the IDW emissions within a 50 km radius revealed higher odds of exposure to benzene for malignant neuroblastic tumours (OR = 1.03, CI: 1.01–1.05, p = 0.01). These preliminary findings suggest a potential role of industrial emissions in the development of malignant pediatric neuroblastic tumours and underscore the need for further research to investigate these associations.

Faktor Dominan yang Berhubungan dengan Konsumsi Gula pada Mahasiswa Nonkesehatan

Online food delivery (OFD) related with consumption of sugar. High-sugar foods and drinks consumption may increase the risk of obesity. Consumption high-sugar food and drink is high, especially college student. This study aims to determine the dominant factor related to consumption sugars in UI non-health students. The dependent variable in this study was the consumption of sugars and the independent variables were the frequency of using OFD services, duration of use, preference for foods and beverages high in sugar, gender, pocket money, type of residence, physical activity, stress, and nutritional knowledge. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design for 125 non-medical students at the University of Indonesia. Data was collected through online questionnaire filling and offline SQ-FFQ interviews. The data obtained were then analyzed by univariate, bivariate using chi-square, and multivariate using multiple logistic regression tests. The results showed that 44.0% of respondents had a high consumption of sugar, i.e ≥50 grams per day. Multivariate analysis showed that the preference for high-sugar foods and drinks was the dominant factor associated with consumption of sugars among UI non-health students. It is necessary to create a nutrition and health education program for college students related to sugars.

Impact of different land use types on groundwater quality in Ibadan, Nigeria

Studies of comparative analysis of groundwater quality under different land use types are scarce, and such studies remain critical in achieving sustainable water resource management. This study used suitable multi-statistical techniques alongside the Water Quality Index (WQI) to assess and compare the effects of residential, industrial, and agricultural land use types on groundwater quality in a region of Ibadan, Nigeria, primarily underlain by banded gneisses. The study also established the appropriateness of the water samples for human consumption. Thirty water samples, consisting of 10 samples each from three different land use types, were randomly collected and subjected to established methods of analysis for nine physicochemical parameters. The results from the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test showed that average concentration levels of pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, nitrate, and sulfate in the tested water samples were significantly different (p-value ≤ 0.05) among the three land use types investigated. The results also suggested that where poor environmental conditions are common, residential land use type could pose a greater risk to groundwater quality than either agricultural land use or industrial land use. At least, a three-factor model was suggested and explained 63.4 %, 70.2 %, and 91.6 % of the total groundwater quality variation under the residential, agricultural, and industrial land uses respectively using Kaiser's varimax rotation method. In addition, the WQI results showed that 100 % of the water samples from industrial and agricultural land uses were appropriate for drinking but only 20 % of the water samples from residential land use were. The findings indicated that differing land use types affect groundwater quality in different ways. It was thus recommended that an improved sanitation system should be provided by the authorities to help reduce groundwater pollution in the residential area. This can help toward achieving water security mentioned in the African Union's Agenda 2063.

Distribution Characteristics and the Influencing Factors of High Altitude Deterioration in People Working in Tibet

To comprehensively investigate and analyze the distribution characteristics of high altitude deterioration (HADT) among people working in 7 cities of Tibet Autonomous Region, to examine the relevant influencing factors, and to provide baseline survey data for further research on HADT. A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a self-administered survey among employees in seven prefectures or cities (Lhasa City, Qamdo City, Shigatse City, Nyingchi City, Shannan City, Naqu City, and Ngari Prefecture) in Tibet. The respondents were selected through random cluster sampling. The survey covered 21 symptoms involving 4 systems of the human body, including the respiratory, nervous, circulatory, and digestive systems. The distributive characteristics of HADT (as manifested by maladaptation to high altitude) were described and Spearman's correlation was used to examine the influencing factors of maladaptation to high altitude. A total of 3 901 respondents were included in the sample analyzed in the study, including 2 107 (54%) native Tibetans and 1 794 (46%) immigrant Han people. There were 1 994 males (51%) and 1 907 females (49%). Their age ranged from 20 to 57 years, averaging (34.45±8.11) years. The subjects lived at a high altitude for a duration of 0.5 to 54 years, averaging (19.51±13.84) years. The overall rates of maladaptation for the 21 symptoms among native Tibetans and immigrant Han people were 60.10% (26 578/44 247) and 73.20% (27 565/37 674), respectively. The maladaptation rates of the native Tibetan population for the respiratory, nervous, circulatory, and digestive systems of the human body were all lower than those of the immigrant Han population (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the maladaptation rates of employees from different regions of Tibet (66.21% for Ngari Prefecture, 65.02% for Qamdo City, 66.67% for Lhasa City, 62.29% for Shigatse City, 65.03% for Shannan City, 64.42% for Nyingchi City, and 61.65% for Naqu City). The type of high-altitude residents (i.e., being native Tibetan or immigrant Han) was the main influencing factor for high-altitude maladaptation of the respiratory, nervous, circulatory, and digestive systems (P<0.001). According to the findings of the correlation analysis, age, type of high-altitude residents, and the duration of residence at a high altitude were associated with high-altitude maladaptation of the respiratory system, while type of high-altitude residents was the only factor associated with maladaptation of the nervous system, circulatory system, and digestive systems. Age and duration of living at at high altitude had significant effect on self-perceived dyspnea, a type of maladaptation of the respiratory system (P<0.001). Duration of high-altitude residence had significant effect on cyanotic lips or redness in the cheeks, a type of maladaptation of the circulatory system, and self-perceived loss of appetite, a type of maladaptation of the digestive system (P<0.05). More attention should be given to the HADT among employees of public institutions and enterprises who are living in Tibet Autonomous Region and immigrant Han people, in particular, should pay special attention to the protection of their respiratory, nervous, circulatory, and digestive systems.

Occurrence and correlation of microplastics and dibutyl phthalate in rivers from Pearl River Delta, China

Microplastics have been identified as the novel contaminants in various environments. Phthalates would be released from plasticized microplastics into a riverine environment while transporting to a marine region, but data on their relationship in rivers have been scarce. In this study, the occurrence, distribution and correlation of microplastics and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in two rivers from the Pearl River Estuary were investigated. The elevated level of DBP in the Qianshan River (2.70 ± 0.20 μg/L) was in alignment with the presence of highest microplastic concentration at the same sampling site (15.8 ± 9.8 items/L). A positive correlation was observed between microplastics and DBP in all sampling sites (p < 0.05). The results showed that UV irradiation from sunlight was a majorly inducing factor of DBP leaching from polyethylene microplastics. The concentrations of chemical additives in some degrees reflect the microplastic pollution, but environmental factors and multidimensionality of microplastics such as residence times and types may cause spatial differences of chemical additives in aquatic systems.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in residential aged care facilities is independently associated with lower survival in Perth, Australia

AimTo compare out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) characteristics and outcomes between people aged ≥ 65 years who arrested in a residential aged care facility (RACF) versus a private residence in Perth, Australia. MethodsWe undertook a retrospective cohort study of OHCA cases attended by emergency medical services (EMS) in Perth, January 2018-December 2021. OHCA patient and event characteristics and survival outcomes were compared via univariate analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between residency type and (i) return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at emergency department (ED) and (ii) 30-day survival. ResultsA total of 435 OHCA occurred in RACFs versus 3,395 in private residences. RACF patients were significantly older (median age: 86 [IQR 79, 91] vs 78 [71, 85] years; p < 0.001), more commonly female (50.1% vs 36.8%; p < 0.001), bystander-witnessed arrests (34.9% vs 21.5%; p < 0.001), received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (42.1% vs 28.6%; p < 0.001), had less shockable first monitored rhythms (4.0% vs 8.1%; p = 0.002) and more frequently had a “do not resuscitate” order identified (46.0% vs 13.6%; <0.001). Among those with EMS-attempted resuscitation or with defibrillation before EMS arrival, ROSC at ED and 30-day survival were significantly lower in the RACF group (6.2% vs 18.9%; p < 0.001 and 1.9% vs 7.7%; p < 0.001). The adjusted odds of ROSC at ED (aOR: 0.22 [95%CI: 0.10, 0.46]) and 30-day survival (aOR: 0.20 [95%CI 0.05, 0.92]) were significantly lower for RACF residents. ConclusionRACF residency was an independent predictor of lower survival from OHCA, highlighting the importance of end-of-life planning for RACF residents.

Graduate Student Source Analysis Method Based on Annual Report Data of Degree-Granting Information

Based on the annual data of degree-granting information accumulated by degree-granting institutions, this paper analyzes the storage structure of the database, excavates the critical information in the degree-granting information data structure, and puts forward a multi-dimensional graduate source analysis method, such as first-choice admission rate, the admission rate of recommended students, pre-graduation institution type, residential registration origin and types of colleges and universities transferring students. The limitation of using a single index of first choice admission rate to evaluate the quality of student source is improved.

Associations between child abuse and neglect, and dento-alveolar injuries in a Children's hospital population.

The purpose of this study was to identify social variables common to children with dento-alveolar trauma (DAT) and child abuse and neglect (CAN) in a large children's hospital population. Emergency department data from an urban trauma Level 1 children's hospital were queried between December 02, 2017 and September 30, 2022 to identify children with both DAT and CAN. Patients with DAT and CAN were compared to DAT-only children in a case-control study design. Descriptive statistics were used to report characteristics of children in case and control groups. Chi-Squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare cases and controls. The level of significance was set at p ≤ .05. In total, 14 children who had DAT and CAN reported simultaneously comprised the case group. A total of 42 children with DAT-only, age/sex matched with cases, comprised the control group. Mean (SD) age of cases was 10.4 (±4) and controls was 10.1 (±3.9) years-old. Eight cases (57.1%) and 24 controls (57.1%) were female. No statistical differences (p = .05) were present for language, race, insurance coverage, parental custody, legal guardianship, and type of residence for cases versus controls. Five (35.7%) cases had a special need versus 4 (9.5%) controls and was statistically different (p = .03). Nine (64.3%) cases had behavioral problems versus 13 (31%) controls (p = .05). Cases were more likely to have facial injuries than controls (74.3 vs. 31%), however no significant differences were present for total number of injured teeth, head injury or neck injury between cases and controls. In half of cases, the perpetrator reported was the sibling. Demographics did not predict CAN in children with dental injuries. Sibling violence should be considered in suspected CAN children.