Types Of Plastic Packages Research Articles

The Mechanisms of Plastic Food-Packaging Monomers' Migration into Food Matrix and the Implications on Human Health.

The development of packaging technology has become a crucial part of the food industry in today's modern societies, which are characterized by technological advancements, industrialization, densely populated cities, and scientific advancements that have increased food production over the past 50 years despite the lack of agricultural land. Various types of food-packaging materials are utilized, with plastic being the most versatile. However, there are certain concerns with regards to the usage of plastic packaging because of unreacted monomers' potential migration from the polymer packaging to the food. The magnitude of monomer migration depends on numerous aspects, including the monomer chemistry, type of plastic packaging, physical-chemical parameters such as the temperature and pH, and food chemistry. The major concern for the presence of packaging monomers in food is that some monomers are endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) with a capability to interfere with the functioning of vital hormonal systems in the human body. For this reason, different countries have resolved to enforce guidelines and regulations for packaging monomers in food. Additionally, many countries have introduced migration testing procedures and safe limits for packaging monomer migration into food. However, to date, several research studies have reported levels of monomer migration above the set migration limits due to leaching from the food-packaging materials into the food. This raises concerns regarding possible health effects on consumers. This paper provides a critical review on plastic food-contact materials' monomer migration, including that from biodegradable plastic packaging, the monomer migration mechanisms, the monomer migration chemistry, the key factors that affect the migration process, and the associated potential EDC human health risks linked to monomers' presence in food. The aim is to contribute to the existing knowledge and understanding of plastic food-packaging monomer migration.

Analysis of Consumer Preferences in Selecting Processed Fish Products (Case Study in Bendungan Hilir Market, Central Jakarta, Indonesia)

At the moment, there has been minimal research on consumer preferences for purchasing processed fish products, with this study aiming to discover how consumer behavior affects the purchasing decision towards processed fish products. The purpose of this study is to examine processed fish products that are popular among Jakarta Indonesia consumers, as well as the factors that influence their purchasing decisions at Bendungan Hilir Market in Central Jakarta. the study used the method of descriptive analysis by observing Packaging color, type of packaging, product color, taste, and price. Validity and reliability tests were performed on the questionnaire. The characteristics of respondents and consumer behavior were analyzed descriptively, while the preferences of processed fish products, such as fish balls, jambal salted fish, shredded fish, fish nuggets, fish cake, and attributes in processed fish products that consumers will consider when purchasing processed fish products, were analyzed using Chi-Square. According to the findings, the processed fish product that became the consumer's favorite at the Bendungan Hilir Market was fish cake. Many of the factors that influenced the purchasing decision included the color of the white packaging, the color of the natural product, and the type of plastic packaging, but the most important factor in selecting products for fish balls, jambal salted fish, shredded fish, fish nuggets, and fish cake was the original taste. Fish balls and fish cake are priced between Rp. 15,000 and Rp. 20,000, while jambal salted fish, shredded fish, and fish nuggets are priced above Rp. 20,000.

Consumer Preferences of Packaged Cooking Oil in Bandar Lampung City

Packaged cooking oil is a food product that is needed by every households. In the market, packaged oil products have various brands and packaging forms such as refillable plastic packaging, plastic bottles, and plastic jerrycans. The purpose of this study is to determine the combination of attributes packaged cooking oil that are most preferred by consumers and attribute that have the highest importance value for consumers of packaged cooking oil. The research method uses survey methods and the analytical method used is conjoint analysis to determine consumer preferences for packaged cooking oil. research reveals more detailed results. Most research consumers are between 38-52 years old, with 4-6 family members, total family income between Rp 8,000,000-Rp 15,000,000 per month, and the last education of housewives is high school. The most widely used brand of packaged cooking oil is Bimoli with the type of plastic packaging and the size of 2 liters, with an average household consumption of 3.714 liters per month. Based on conjoint analysis, it is concluded that consumers prefers price combination of Rp 11,000-Rp 13,000 per l, 2 liters packaging size, clear, and the bottled packaging. The most important attribute is the clarity of packaged cooking oil with value of 29,693.

STUDY OF DEFECT ON 180 ML HDPE BOTTLES YOGURT PRODUCTS WITH SMC B11 EXTRUSION BLOW MACHINE AT PT X

The type of plastic packaging that is popular in the community is bottle packaging. The plastic material that is generally used to make plastic bottles is High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). The plastic bottle industry in Indonesia usually uses a blow molding process in its production process, where the blow molding process consists of injection blow molding, extrusion blow molding and stretch blow molding. The SMC B11 machine is one of the extrusion blow molding machines used to produce plastic bottle packaging. In producing workpieces, this machine still produces several products that are not in accordance with company standards, including in terms of production cycle times and product defects. Defects or defects that are often encountered include the appearance of spots, bent parison which causes the bottle to bend (the bottle body is thin one side) and blow pin which causes the thread to not fit.Keywords— Bottle, Plastic, Defect, Extrussion Blow Molding

STUDY OF DEFECT ON LLDPE PLUG FOR TELON OIL PRODUCTS USING A HAITIAN MOLDING INJECTION MACHINE 1600MA AT PT X

The type of plastic packaging that is popular among the public is bottle packaging, plastic bottle packaging always has a bottle cap. Some people only know that the part of the bottle cap is only on the outer cap, even though the plastic bottle cap consists of two types, namely the outer cap (cap) and the inner cap (plug). The plastic material used to make the plug is Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE), a telon oil plug is produced using an injection molding machine, by inserting plastic pellets into the hopper and then heating it by the barrel, plastic pellets that have melted will be injected into the mold ( print). In the process of making the telon oil plug, a defect was found. From the observation, it is known that several types of defects that occur during the LLDPE oil plug production process include black dot, flashing, and unmould / short shot. Defects that occur during the telon oil plug production process are caused by damage, contamination, and mismatches in the engine parameter settings. The purpose of this study is to determine the causes and solutions of defects that occur in LLDPE telon oil plugs with the HAITIAN 1600MA injection molding machine at PT X. Some solutions are made to reduce defects that occur in telon oil LLDPE plugs is to clean the material reservoir, repair or replace the mold, clean the hopper before loading the material, and set up the barrel parameter 180-230oC, inject pressure 60 bar, holding pressure 30 bar, speed 17.8 seconds.

MUTU MIKROBIOLOGIS DRUPA BUAH MERAH (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) PADA BERBAGAI JENIS KEMASAN SELAMA PENYIMPANAN

Microbiological quality is one crucial factor relating to food products quality. This quality can be measured based on the growth level of bacteria and fungi during storage of food product. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of plastic packaging types and different storage conditions on total bacteria and total fungi in fresh red fruit. The experiment was conducted using three treatments of plastic packaging, that is high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP). Additionally, three storage conditions were applied, that is room temperature (27 °C), cold temperature (10 °C) and freezing temperatures (-18° C). The results showed that during storage, freezing conditions inhibited the growth of bacteria and fungi. Meanwhile, the type of plastic packaging did not inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Pengemasan dan Penyimpanan Dingin Kelapa Kopyor untuk Mempertahankan Mutu

The objectives of this research were to study the influence of packaging material and the temperature applied during storage on the quality of kopyor coconut, to predict the shelf-life, and to determine the best packaging material and the storage temperature to keep the kopyor coconut. Research material is kopyor coconut obtained from Kalianda South Lampung. Kopyor coconut packaged in plastic film type Polyamide (PA), Polypropylene (PP), and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) each weighing 60g. The quality parameter observed are free fatty acids (FFA), total microbes, and sensory characteristics including color, flavor, and taste. This research us Randomized Complete Design with two factors. The first factor was the packaging material with three different types (PA, PP, HDPE), and the second factor was the storage temperature at two levels of 5±2OC and 10±2OC. The shelf-life was predict using Partially Staggered Design (PSD) technique. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique was used to determine the best treatment. The results showed that the type of plastic packaging and storage temperature gave an effect on the total microbes, and organoleptics of color, flavor, and taste. PA packaging is the best packaging can be maintained the quality of organoleptic and reduce the microbe growth. The storage temperature of 5±2OC can maintain quality of kopyor coconut better than 10±2OC temperature. Based on PSD method and total microbe as critical parameters, the shelf-life of kopyor coconut at 5±2OC is 27, 26, and 17 days for plastic PA, HDPE, and PP packaging, respectively.

Stability of fruit juice drinks in aseptic packages

AbstractCashew and passion fruit juice drinks were aseptically filled in cartons and in three types of plastic packages (with oxygen transmission rate‐OTR of 1,40; 2,96 and 13,74 cm3 (STP)/m2/day at 25 °C, 75% RH and 1 atm), with nitrogen gas flushing. No adverse effect on product sterility was found, neither were any significant changes in pH and acidity detected during storage at 25 ± 2°C. A decrease of the oxygen concentration in the headspace of the cashew juice drink plastic packs was observed, which appears to be caused by consumption of that gas in oxidation reactions. The shelf‐life of the cashew juice drink was limited to 45–70 days, after which period sensory changes attained objectionable levels (development of dark colours and deterioration of the typical fruit flavour). Passion fruit juice drink proved to be less sensitive to oxygen than cashew, since an increase of the oxygen concentration was detected in the headspace of the three plastic packs. The shelf‐life of passion fruit juice drink was limited to 70–90 days, due to deterioration of the typical passion fruit flavour and colour. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Diffusion model to derate moisture sensitive surface mount IC's for factory use conditions

Recent industry specifications JESD22-A112 and IPC-SM-786A have identified a set of moisture sensitivity levels for classification of moisture/reflow sensitive devices. The established test conditions are meant to represent average worst-case factory environmental conditions that a plastic packaged surface mount integrated circuit (IC) can safely be exposed to after opening of the protective dry-bag. The exposure times imposed by the level classifications relate specifically to the equivalent testing condition, e.g., a Level 3 device must be assembled within 168 h for a factory environment of 30/spl deg/C/60% relative humidity (RH). No equivalent exposure times are addressed by the specifications if the factory ambients are not at 30/spl deg/C and 60% RH. This paper addresses the issue of equivalent exposure times for varying temperature-humidity conditions that a factory could maintain. A derating procedure has been developed that adopts a first principles approach for solution to moisture diffusion into plastic packages. One-dimensional and three-dimensional [(1-D) and (3-D)] mathematical and computer-generated solutions for moisture diffusion were obtained for plastic packaged IC's. Critical moisture concentrations, achieved at internal interfaces, during JEDEC/IPC testing conditions were calculated and used as a criterion for the derating procedure. Based on this approach, an equivalency table can be developed for any combination of factory temperature and humidity conditions. Validation of the theoretical predictions was carried out through experiments on two types of plastic packages: a plastic-packaged ball grid array (BGA) and a plastic quad flat pack (PQFP).

Predicted Bow of Plastic Packages of Integrated Circuit (IC) Devices

In this study, we develop analytical stress models for the evaluation of thermally induced bows in the following two types of plastic packages: thin elongated packages with large chips, known as thin small outline packages (TSOPs), and high lead count large square packages with relatively small chips, known as plastic quad flat packages (PQFPs). In the case of TSOP packages, we consider the package warpage caused by the thermal contraction mismatch of the constituent materials: silicon chip, metal leadframe, and molding compound. The temperature change is assumed to be the same throughout the package. In the case of PQFP packages, we evaluate the bow due to the temperature gradient (non-uniform distribution of temperature) in the through-thickness direction of the molded body The developed models enable one to evaluate the effect of the package geometry and materials properties on its bow, and more importantly, to design a plastic package with a sufficiently low residual warpage.

Reliability evaluation of plastic packaged devices for long life applications by THB test

The reliability of transistors, bipolar and CMOS integrated circuits encapsulated in different types of plastic packages was investigated by using the 85°C/85% R.H. test with applied bias and the results compared with a long term operating life test. Particular attention was devoted to pointing out the influence of technology, process control and working conditions on device reliability and failure mechanisms. In micropackaged transistors the importance of surface passivation in protecting the devices against gold corrosion was forcused, while the need of good process control was confirmed by the results of the test on micropackaged linear integrated circuits. In dual-in-line CMOS integrated circuits silicon nitride and polymide give, in general, a superior protection, but good results were obtained also with normal P-glass passivation when a clever arrangement of layout design rules was adopted. Results obtained exhibit a significant improvement in the reliability of plastic packaged devices, with the best figures showing no failures after 15,000 hours at 85°C/85% R.H. test with bias.