Mustard Type Research Articles

PENGARUH KOMBINASI MEDIA TANAM ORGANIK DAN NILAI EC LARUTAN NUTRISI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica narinosa L.H. Bailey) VARIETAS PAGODA PADA HIDROPONIK SISTEM WICK

Broadbeaked Mustard (Brassica narinosa L.H. Bailey) or better known by other names Ta Ke Chai and Tatsoi is a type of mustard is still relatively rare in the market even though some farmers have started cultivating it, its production and distribution are not as much as other types of mustard greens, and has a relatively higher selling price than the selling price of other mustard greens. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of organic growing media and EC value of the nutrient on the growth and yield of Pagoda mustard in a hydroponic wick system. The study used a single factor randomized block design with 12 treatments, namely A (rockwool + EC 1.5-1), B (rockwool + EC 2.5-1), C (rockwool + EC 3.5-1), D (charcoal husk + EC 1.5-1), E (husk charcoal + EC 2.5-1), F (husk charcoal + EC 3.5-1), G (cocopeat + EC 1.5-1), H ( cocopeat + EC 2.5-1), I (cocopeat + EC 3.5-1), J (sawdust + EC 1.5-1), K (sawdust + EC 2.5-1), L ( sawdust + EC 3.5-1) with repeated 3 times. The results showed that the combination of organic growing media and EC value of the nutrient significantly affected the parameters of plant height, leaf number, root length, fresh weight, marketable weight, and leaf area of ​​Broadbeaked mustard (Brassica narinosa L.H. Bailey) pagoda variety in hydroponic wick system. Treatment I (cocopeat + EC 3.5-1 gave the highest yield on an average fresh weight of 187.08 g, a marketable weight of 141.08 g.

Personal exposure assessment to deep-frying cooking-generated particulate matter using various cooking oils

Cooking-generated particulate matter (PM) is important to study due to the health hazards caused to exposed individuals. Cooking oils have been reported as a significant contributor to cooking emissions. Moreover, deep-frying cooking has been shown to cause a significant increase in PM concentration. Thereby, a pilot study was conducted in controlled environmental conditions to assess personal exposure to deep-frying cooking-generated PM for five different types of oils, i.e., soybean, peanut, saffola, mustard, and olive oil. Concentrations of cooking-generated PM and their average daily dose (ADD) were evaluated for males and females. In addition, morphological and chemical analysis of cooking-generated PM was also conducted. The findings of this study indicated that PM emissions were the highest for olive oil, followed by mustard, saffola, and peanut, and the lowest for soybean oil. Moreover, ADD was found more in females than males because of the lesser inhalation rate to body weight ratio of females. Results of the morphological analysis of cooking-generated PM revealed a variety of particle shapes, including spherical, rod, and irregular particles for the various oils. Moreover, chemical composition analysis showed a number of toxic elements present in oils, such as Zn, Cr, Ba, and Al. Importantly, the lowest percentage of toxic elements was observed in olive oil, indicating that olive oil is the most healthy option for cooking. Overall, this study's results provide valuable insights into the personal exposure associated with Indian cooking conditions in order to develop mitigation strategies for harmful cooking fumes.

Peculiarities of mustard genofond formation in Ukraine

The purpose of the research is to assess the features of the formation of the mustard genofond and its distribution in production in Ukraine. As of 2023 in the Register of plant varieties approved for the use in Ukraine, there are 40 varieties of mustard, of which 14 varieties are white mustard or 35 % of the total. The largest number of varieties of sarepda spring mustard is 42.5 % of the total number, which is due to a greater demand, since all other types of mustard are sown before winter. There is a great threat of their death during the overwintering period, but there is no such threat when sowing spring mustard. Most varieties are recommended for cultivation in all soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. Varietal change is most intense in varieties of white and black mustard, in the register of new varieties white mustard contains 57.2 %, black mustard – 66.7 %. Mustard was grown in Ukraine by all categories of farms, and the main indicators – sowing area before harvesting, grain yield and gross harvest – were mandatory for statistical reporting until 2015. After that it was not separately identified in statistical reporting, which complicates the accounting and analysis of crop cultivation volumes. The analysis of mustard areas before harvesting showed that the main amount of mustard was grown in agricultural farms in 2009, 167.53 thousand hectares or 96.5 % of the total area. By 2015, the mustard sown areas had been significantly decreased and amounted to 58.8 thousand ha in all categories of farms, or 2.85 times, compared to 2009, and the grain yield increased by an average of 0.24 t/ha. Yield enhancement provided gross harvest increment of mustard grain intensively, although due to the reduction in areas before harvesting, the gross grain harvest decreased. Key words: variety, white mustard, varieties register, mustard type, crop productivity, grain, growing areas.

Respon Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) Terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Organik Kandang Ayam Dan Pupuk Organik Cair (Poc) Urin Sapi

Pakcoy crop (Brassica rapa L.) is included in the type of vegetable mustard which is quite economical. Today, pakcoy crop used by the community in various cuisines. This crop is quite easy to cultivate and only takes a short time of about 3 to 4 weeks. The purpose of this study to obtain data on the growth response and production of pakcoy crops on the application of organic fertilizer chicken manure and organic fertilizer cow urine liquid and can be a combination between the two treatments. This research was conducted at the Experimental Farm Faculty of Agriculture, University Medan Area, Kolam street No. 1 Medan Estate districts Percut Sei Tuan with a height of 20 meters above sea level (asl) in the months of October to December 2016. This research has been done by using factorial randomized block design consisting of two factor. The first factor treatment which tested is organic fertilizer chicken manure is A0= Control (without organic fertilizer chicken manure); A1= fertilizer chicken manure 1 kg/m2; A2= fertilizer chicken manure 2 kg/m2 dan A3= fertilizer chicken manure 3 kg/m2. The second factor tested is POC concentration of cow urine is : S0= Control (without cow urine); S1= 30 ml urin sapi / L of water ; S2= 60 ml urin sapi / L of water dan S3= 90 ml urin sapi / L of water. The results showed that organic fertilizer chicken manure treatment had significant effect on the parameters of plant height from age 2 MST to 4 MST wet weight per sample. the best treatment is A3 (3kg/plot).

The Effectiveness of Liquid Bio-Organic Fertilizer Water Hyacinth with Trichoderma Sp on The Growth and Productivity of Mustard Pakcoy, Mustard Petsai and White Mustrad

Mustard is a vegetable with high economic value, including mustard pakcoy (Brassica rapa subsp, chinensis), mustard petsai (Brassica chinensis L), and white mustard (Brassica rapa subsp, pekinensis). To meet consumer needs, it is necessary to increase the production of mustard through organic farming by implementing an agricultural system that utilizes water hyacinth in the form of liquid organic fertilizer. Water hyacinth is an aquatic weed so an alternative is needed to reduce its population by using it as a liquid organic fertilizer with a bio-activator Trichoderma sp. The purpose of the study was to measure plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, and wet weight of mustard pakcoy, mustard petsai, and white mustard. The design of this study used a single factor RAL, namely giving water hyacinth POC with bio-activator Trichoderma sp on 3 types of mustard, with 3 levels, namely A = 32 ml/L (mustard pakcoy), B = 32 ml/L (mustard petsai), C=32 ml/L (white mustard) which was repeated 5 times. Research proves that giving water hyacinth POC with bio-activator Trichoderma sp 32 ml/liter has a significant effect on the height and width of white mustard leaves. For the number of leaves and wet weight, giving water hyacinth POC with bio-activator Trichoderma sp 32 ml/liter had a significant effect on mustard pakcoy compared to other mustards. This means that POC with bio-activator Trichoderma sp can be used as an environmentally friendly liquid organic fertilizer, especially for mustard pakcoy and white mustard which can stimulate plant growth and productivity.

Genotypic variation of glucosinolates and their breakdown products in mustard (Brassica juncea) seeds

The glucosinolates and glucosinolate breakdown products (GBPs) in the seeds of three types of mustard (root, stem, and leaf mustards) from a core collection of 50 cultivars were studied. Nine glucosinolates and ten GBPs were identified, with sinigrin and 2-propenyl isothiocyanate (SIN-ITC) being the dominant glucosinolate and GBP, respectively. Among the tested cultivars, the contents of total glucosinolates and GBPs ranged from 46.84 to 89.30 μmol g−1 FW and from 23.07 to 82.20 μmol g−1 FW, respectively. Leaf mustard had both the highest average levels of glucosinolates and GBPs (65.04 μmol g−1 FW and 55.97 μmol g−1 FW, respectively) and the greatest variation in total GBP content compared with root and stem mustards. L8 had the highest content of SIN-ITC (72.06 μmol g−1 FW). These findings indicate that mustard seeds, especially cultivar L8, can be good candidates for functional foods since they contain extremely high levels of SIN-ITC, a potent anti-carcinogenic isothiocyanate.

Pengaruh Jenis Sumbu Dan Konsentrasi Nutrisi Terhadap Sawi Samhong (Brassica juncea L.) Dengan Hidroponik Sistem Sumbu

The wick system is a hydroponic by utilizing the principle of capillarity of nutrient solutions that are absorbed by plant roots through the wick. Flannelette is a material that has the best water absorption and can be used as a wick, another alternative is stove wick. The concentration of nutrients given to plants must also be in needs. Samhong mustard is a type of mustard in the same class as pakcoy. This study aims to determine the effect of the type of wick and nutrient concentration on plant height, number of leaves, and plant weight using hydroponic wick system. The research method was carried out using two independent variables, namely the type of wick consisting of flannelette (S1) and stove wick (S2), and the nutrients concentration consisting of N1 (1,000 ppm), N2 (1,200 ppm), and N3 (1,400 ppm). The measurements results were compared using the Anova two-factorial design test with a level of 5%, and if the results were significantly different, then continued with the BNJ test at a significant level of 5%. The results showed that there was an effect of using different types of wicks and nutrient concentrations on the measurement results of samhong mustard. Flannel wick (S1) has better effect than the stove wick (S2), and the concentration of N1 nutrients has better effect than the concentrations of N2 and N3, with average plant height is 27.9 cm, average number of leaves are 18.8 strands, and the average plant weight is 128.6 g.

Seed longevity and vigour studies in different types of Indian mustard

An experiment was conducted at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (2017-18) to study the possible reason for reduced seed vigour in Indian quality mustard genotypes during storage for the first time. Freshly harvested seeds, one year, two year aged seeds and controlled deteriorated seeds of freshly harvested seeds of conventional and quality Indian mustard were used for the study. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2 .-) were estimated along with enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase and peroxidase and redox couples ratio (ASC/DHA and GSH/GSSG) in all the nine genotypes of different age group and correlated with germination percentage, mean germination time and seed vigour indices. The experiment revealed that during storage, the amount of ROS accumulation goes on increasing and both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants goes on decreasing. In comparison to conventional genotypes, quality genotypes were found to contain significantly lower level of antioxidants and significantly higher level of ROS content during the storage period. Germination percentage as well as seed vigour indices were negatively correlated with ROS and positively correlated with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. This experiment revealed that reduced vigour in quality genotypes could be due to faster deterioration during the storage due to increased production of ROS.

EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF PIMENTA RACEMOSA ON MICROFLORA AFFECTING QUALITY OF AFRICAN MUSTARD OBTAINED FROM FERMENTED SEEDS OF PARKIA BIGLOBOSA JACK. P. BR

The present study aims to investigate the effect of essential oil of Pimenta racemosa on the microflora affecting the marketable quality of African mustard obtained from fermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa. Essential oil of Pimenta racemosa was extracted by hydrodistillation. Different types of African mustard were produced by the modification of the traditional processing technology and the introduction of a step of essential oil adjunction during the process. Three different essential oil concentrations (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 µLg-1) were investigated. Microbiological analyzes were performed in order to evaluate the quality of the African mustard produced. Results obtained revealed that the essential oil has inhibition property against the growth of total flora and fungi affecting marketable quality of African mustard during eight (08) days of storage, at the concentrations tested. However, bacterial growth was continuous and exponential in control samples. This supports the antimicrobial properties of the leaves of Pimenta racemosa and its traditional use as food ingredient. It is therefore suggested that further studies be carried out to isolate, purify and identify all active compounds present in all part of this plant.

MAKING SIMPLE HYDROPONICS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SCIENCE-PROCESS SKILLS IN PGSD DEPARTMENT FKIP UMSU

This study aims to determine the process of planting and growing mustard bok choy through hydroponics. Hydroponics is a system of cultivating plants without using soil as a medium for growing plants. Provision of nutrients needed for hydroponic cultivation of plants, essential nutrients both macro, and micro. Bok choy is a plant that has high economic value. The planting of bok choy mustard is carried out in Tanjung Balai City, Teluk Nibung District, Struggle Village. The process of planting mustard bok choy is carried out in the area where the researcher lives in June due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The time for planting mustard bok choy is carried out for approximately 40 days until the harvest. The interaction between the concentration of nutrients and the type of mustard affects the growth of mustard bok choy. The nutrients used for planting mustard bok choy are AB Mix nutrients. This study showed that the concentration of AB Mix nutrients given to the growth of mustard bok choy grew hydroponically

Rancang Bangun Alat Pencacah Sampah Organik Pekan Ternak Sapi

Abstract
 Garbage is something that disturbs and affects the community environment. Organic waste comes from living things, both humans, animals, and plants, so that it can be used for animal feed which is processed by chopping. As for the results of field observations at the Bangkinang Kota market, it can be seen that organic waste types of cabbage and mustard are commonly found in the Bangkinang Kota market, organic waste such as carrots, tomatoes, chilies, potatoes and kale are found in many trash cans but the amount is less, this type of waste dry. For the Bangkinang City area, waste transportation is carried out 2 (two) times a day, namely in the morning and evening. The most waste generated is on Wednesdays and Sundays, because those days are market days in Bangkinang Kota. The waste generated reaches 1-2 tons per day. The organic waste chopper generally consists of a frame, top casing, bottom casing, inlet, outlet, axle, bearing, and blade. The manufacture of this tool at the Laboratory of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai. The design and manufacture of organic cattle feed chopper has a size of 38 cm, width 51 cm and height 120 cm, using a 7 hp/5600 rpm diesel engine with a weight of 72 kg. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that organic mixed vegetable waste weighing 2 kg only takes 22 seconds faster, while cabbage weighing 2 kg takes 37 seconds and mustard greens weighing 2 kg takes 29 seconds. The amount of organic waste that is chopped as much as 6 kg only takes 88 seconds.
 
 Keywords: Design, chopper, organic waste.

A chromosome-scale assembly of allotetraploid Brassica juncea (AABB) elucidates comparative architecture of the A and B genomes.

Summary Brassica juncea (AABB), commonly referred to as mustard, is a natural allopolyploid of two diploid species—B. rapa (AA) and B. nigra (BB). We report a highly contiguous genome assembly of an oleiferous type of B. juncea variety Varuna, an archetypical Indian gene pool line of mustard, with ~100× PacBio single‐molecule real‐time (SMRT) long reads providing contigs with an N50 value of >5 Mb. Contigs were corrected for the misassemblies and scaffolded with BioNano optical mapping. We also assembled a draft genome of B. nigra (BB) variety Sangam using Illumina short‐read sequencing and Oxford Nanopore long reads and used it to validate the assembly of the B genome of B. juncea. Two different linkage maps of B. juncea, containing a large number of genotyping‐by‐sequencing markers, were developed and used to anchor scaffolds/contigs to the 18 linkage groups of the species. The resulting chromosome‐scale assembly of B. juncea Varuna is a significant improvement over the previous draft assembly of B. juncea Tumida, a vegetable type of mustard. The assembled genome was characterized for transposons, centromeric repeats, gene content and gene block associations. In comparison to the A genome, the B genome contains a significantly higher content of LTR/Gypsy retrotransposons, distinct centromeric repeats and a large number of B. nigra specific gene clusters that break the gene collinearity between the A and the B genomes. The B. juncea Varuna assembly will be of major value to the breeding work on oleiferous types of mustard that are grown extensively in south Asia and elsewhere.

PERILAKU KONSUMEN SAWI (Brassica Juncea L) PADA BEBERAPA PASAR TRADISIONAL DI KOTA KUPANG PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

This research has been carried out in the Oeba Traditional Market and Naikoten Traditional Inpres market in October to November 2017. The aim is to find out: (1) Purchase Volume of Mustard Consumer; (2) the preferred type of mustard; (3) identify the factors that influence the demand of mustard consumers; (4) Mustard Sales Volume. The method used in this research is survey. Determination of the location of research carried out by purposive sampling. Respondents were determined as many as 120 people. The type of data collected is primary data and secondary data. To answer the first and fourth objectives, the data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively, answering the second goal using a Likert scale and the third objective of the data analyzed using multiple linear regression.
 The results showed that; (1) Of the 5 types of mustard the lowest purchase volume is dominated by curly mustard, namely the frequency of purchases per week 1-2 times with a volume of 1 kg - 2 kg. (2) The results of the study of 60 respondents, namely: 30 respondents in traditional traditional markets in Naikoten and 30 respondents in traditional Oeba markets, there are 3 types of mustard which are included in the Average category, namely curly mustard greens, and white mustard, and 2 types of mustard which are included in Like categories namely: mustard huma, and mustard caisim. (3) together - all factors significantly influence the demand for mustard greens shown by the F-count (14.895)> F-table (2.54) is significant at α = 5%. While the results shown by t-count which significantly influence α = 5% are Consumer Taste, and Holidays / Holidays. While the price of mustard greens, other vegetable prices, consumer income, the number of family members, the volume of mustard greens prepared by traders does not significantly affect the demand for mustard. (4) The lowest sales volume of mustard is dominated by Curly mustard, that is 9 respondents or 5% who sell with a volume of 22 - 42Kg / week

Penetapan Kadar Klorofil dan Karotenoid Daun Sawi (Brassica) Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis


 
 
 
 Chlorophyll and carotenoids are antioxidant compounds that are very potential. Both of these compounds are found in many vegetables. This research aims to determine the levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids in mustard (Brassica) leaves. There were three types of mustard leaves tested, namely greens mustard (Brassica rapa I.), white mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Analysis of samples by the Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry method. The results of the measurement of chlorophyll levels showed that pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) had the highest chlorophyll level which was 86,76 mg/g. While the lowest chlorophyll level is found in the type of white mustard which is equal to 0,75 mg/g. From the three of the mustard tested, green mustard (Brassica rapa I.) and pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) were mustard types that contained high carotenoids in the amount of 50,4 mg/g and 198,04 mg/g. While the type of white mustard (Brassica juncea L.) has the lowest carotenoid content for all preparations.
 
 
 

Seed quality differences in diverse seed colored Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) genotypes

‘Canola quality’ Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) with varying seed color are a new kind of breeding resources with single zero genotypes having low level of erucic acid (<2%) while double zero genotypes have both low erucic and glucosinolate content (<30 μmole/g defatted meal). In order to know the variation in seed quality of different types of Indian mustard, in the present study nine genotypes consisting of conventional as well as ‘canola quality’ having either black or yellow seed testa colour were subjected to multivariate analysis including principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis of physiological and biochemical parameters. Data for physiological, biochemical and seed vigour trait was recorded and analysed during 2017–18 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The first three axes of the PCA captured 85% of the total variation encountered and identified water uptake ratio, electrical conductivity (EC), PUFA/MUFA ratio and Malondialdehyde (MDA) values positively contributing to most of variation while melanin content, total phenol content, germination percentage, vigour indices and glucosinolate content contributed negatively. Cluster analysis classified these genotypes into two distinct groups based on seed testa colour. Black seeded genotypes clustered in group 1 and yellow seeded genotypes clustered in groups II. Moreover, these techniques also differentiated canola from conventional genotypes among their testa groups. The majority of yellow-seeded genotypes had low melanin and total phenol content in testa causing rapid water uptake and higher leakage than the black-seeded genotypes, which led to imbibition damage resulting in lower germination percentage and seed vigour indices.

CURRENT TRENDS, METHODS AND RESULTS OF BROWN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA) AND BLACK MUSTARD (BRASSICA NÍGRA) BREEDING

Background. Various types of mustard and its forms differ significantly from each other in a set of morphological, biological, biochemical and other economically important traits. Both brown and black mustard are in great demand.Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2009– 2018 on the brown mustard cultivar ‘Rosinka’ using the VNIIMK techniques. Promising cultivars of brown mustard (‘Zolushka’, ‘Nika’, ‘Yunona’) and black mustard (‘Niagara’) as well as source material with good breeding prospects were evaluated for their economic significance.Results and discussion. Individual selection based on self-pollination in the seed production of brown mustard population cultivars was found to facilitate identification of high-yielding lines, promptly increase the yield of cultivars, isolate lines exceeding the initial population in oil yield, and obtain biotypes with unusual fatty acid composition. The best accessions demonstrated an increase of 1.0–2.9% in their oil content. Besides, the selected material had the yield at the same or higher level than the reference (on average, 3.22 t/ha). An increase of oil yield varied from 0.23 to 0.36 t/ha. The technique of recurrent individual selection of elite plants from interspecific hybrid populations with the use of selfpollination resulted in developing 3 brown mustard cultivars: ‘Zolushka’, ‘Nika’ and ‘Yunona’. One of the important trends in mustard breeding is the development of cultivars with a high content of allyl mustard oil. As a result of this work, a new brown mustard cultivar was developed (‘Gorlinka’). One of the representatives of the economically important Brassicaceae family is the black mustard. Its new cultivar ‘Niagara’ was developed by recurrent individual selection from accession k-2632 preserved in the collection of the Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). In competitive trials ‘Niagara’ demonstrated an average yield at the level of 1.5–1.7 t/ha, and the oil content in seeds of 37.0– 40.0%. Cv. ‘Niagara’ has a short growing season.

Inheritance of Some Morphological Characteristics of Parental Lines in Mustard-Rape Hybrid

Distant hybridization is known to play an important role in expanding the gene pool of any crop. It is believed that the combination of different genomes in one nucleus, as a rule, is accompanied by the phenomenon of “genomic shock”, resulting in a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes. This provides a wealth of material for the selection of genotypes adapted to different environmental conditions. Interspecific hybrids in different combinations were obtained in the genus Brassica, however, until now, interest in distant hybridization in this genus has not died out, since such important crops as rapeseed and mustard demand an improvement of many important agronomic traits. The aim of this work was to study the degree of manifestation of morphological characters of a leaf, flower, and plant as a whole in the hybrid obtained by crossing of brown mustard of the variety Slavyanka and a collection specimen of spring rape. Seeds were sown in the spring of 2019 in a field with 30 cm row width. During the flowering period a number of morphological characters of a flower, leaf, and the whole plant were analyzed. Each parameter was evaluated with 10 plants. The degree of dominance in first-generation hybrid was calculated by the formula of Beil, Atkins (1965). The dominance coefficients were not determined in the case when the difference between the parental samples was insignificant. Differences between parental samples were determined by Student t-test. The level of heterosis was calculated according to the formula of Rasul et al (2002). In a mustard-rapeseed hybrid, the size of the leaves of the lower row was inherited by the type of rapeseed, which had larger leaves than mustard. The height of the hybrid plant was inherited by the type of mustard (hp = 1.32, Ht = 4.89%), and intermediate inheritance was observed for the length of the internodes (hp = -0.48). The size of the flower petals and sepals was inherited by the type of rapeseed, and significant heterosis was observed for the length of the pistil (Ht = 33.57%). The data obtained are of interest for understanding the interaction of genes of different genomes in the genus Brassica.

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ГОРЧИЦЫ БЕЛОЙ И САРЕПТСКОЙ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ СРОКА ПОСЕВА И НОРМЫ ВЫСЕВА

The formation of high productivity of any agricultural crop largely depends on the sowing period and the seeding rate. It is generally accepted that mustard is less demanding as to the sowing period. However, the moist topsoil is more favorable for better development of the root system in an early sowing period, respectively, such crops will be easier to tolerate spring-summer drought.Mustard reacts very strongly to the seeding rate and, accordingly, to the nutritional area for plants, which is caused by its biological characteristics. So, for example, very dense and, on the contrary,rare crops will be unproductive. Based on this, field experiments to study the effect of sowing terms and seeding rates on the yield of aboveground mustard biomass were laid in 2017–2019 in the experimental fields of the Udmurt Scientific Research Institute of RAS UdmFRC UB. The author studied the formed productivity of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) – the Raduga variety, brown mustard (Brassica juncea L.) – the Nika variety, depending on the sowing period – 1 (control), 2, 3 decades of May and the seeding rate – 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 (control), 3.5 and 4.0 million germinating seeds/ha. The study found that in the considered years, mustard seedlings got enough moisture with sufficient precipitation in May-June, as a result of which the sowing period of mustard did not significantly affect its yield. So, on average for the three studied years, the нушв of white mustard was 15.32–15.52 t/ha, brown mustard – 12.88–13.96 t/ha. The highest yield of both types of mustard was formed at a seeding rate of 3.0–4.0 million germinating seeds/ha, for white mustard – 15.64–17.11 t/ha, brown mustard – 13.66–14.85 t/ha.

Methods of increasing of false flax productivity (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) in the conditions of the Non-black soil region of Russia

The false flax in the Non-black soil region, including the Ryazan region, is not a traditional crop, along with other oily, such as oil flax, coleseed, types of mustard. Expansion of the areas to sowing restrains because of the lack of the developed recommendations about technology of its cultivation. It also is the basis for researches. The purpose of researches is to study features of formation of false flax productivity, Yubelyar sort, and to optimize basic elements of sort technology (norms of seeding, sowing time) for obtaining high and stable productivity of oily seeds of the crop in the conditions of the Non-black soil region of Russia.Researches are conducted in the Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, on the test fields of the Agrotekhnopark - educational scientific-innovative center (ESIC) of the Ryazan district, the Ryazan region, on gray forest soils. According to the results of the tests it is possible to conclude that for a stable harvest receiving of the false flax it is necessary to have not less than 420 plants per 1 m ² for gathering and to consider the optimum density 400-450 plants per 1 m ². Further increasing of the norms of seeding, more than 8 million pieces of germinated seeds per hectare, led to formation of strongly thickened density that finally reduced productivity and quality of the seeds. The optimum norms of seeding of false flax seeds should be considered 7,0 million germinated seeds per hectare. Setting of the norms up to 8,0 million pieces per hectare significantly didn't increase productivity of the crop, and led to an excessive expense of seeds, sowing qualities of seeds worsened. The danger of grounding of the crop and diseases attacks increased. The best sowing time in the tests is the first ten days of May.

PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR BATANG PISANG KEPOK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TIGA JENIS TANAMAN SAWI

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer of banana stem on the growth and productivity of 3 types of mustard. This type of research is a descriptive quantitative with an experimental method. The study design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and eight replications. Data collection by observation using observation sheets. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) in one path and continued with LSD. Based on the results of the research, there are differences in the effect of giving Liquid Organic Fertilizer to banana stem on the plant height parameters of three types of mustard. The plant height parameters of chinese green cabbage, and collards meat are significantly different from those of green mustard. There are differences in the effect of giving Liquid Organic Fertilizer banana stem to the parameters of the number of leaves of three types of mustard. The parameters of the number of chinese green cabbage and green mustard leaves are significantly different from collards meat. There is a difference in the effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer on banana stem on the wet weight parameters of three types of mustard. The parameters of wet weight of chinese green cabbage and green mustard are significantly different from collards meat.
 The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer of banana stem on the growth and productivity of 3 types of mustard. This type of research is a descriptive quantitative with an experimental method. The study design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and eight replications. Data collection by observation using observation sheets. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) in one path and continued with LSD. Based on the results of the research, there are differences in the effect of giving Liquid Organic Fertilizer to banana stem on the plant height parameters of three types of mustard. The plant height parameters of chinese green cabbage, and collards meat are significantly different from those of green mustard. There are differences in the effect of giving Liquid Organic Fertilizer banana stem to the parameters of the number of leaves of three types of mustard. The parameters of the number of chinese green cabbage and green mustard leaves are significantly different from collards meat. There is a difference in the effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer on banana stem on the wet weight parameters of three types of mustard. The parameters of wet weight of chinese green cabbage and green mustard are significantly different from collards meat.