Types Of Media Research Articles

Isolation, characterization, and predatory activity of nematode-trapping fungus, Arthrobotrys oligospora PSGSS01

A research study was undertaken to find a fungus that could effectively trap and kill Meloidogyne spp., which are root-knot nematodes that cause significant crop loss worldwide. Soil samples were collected and processed appropriately for the isolation of nematode-trapping fungi. After a primary screening, a potential nematode-trapping fungus, Arthrobotrys oligospora (Orbilia oligospora) PSGSS01 was selected for further investigation. Its growth was tested under various conditions, including different media types, temperatures, and pH levels. Its predatory activity on Meloidogyne incognita was also assessed in vitro. The fungus exhibited septate double-celled conidiospores, trapping hyphae, and radiating and sparse mycelium. Optimal conditions for growth were found to be at 25 °C and a pH of 4.0 and 5.0 on corn meal agar. The best temperature and pH for conidiospore germination were 25°C − 37°C and 5.0, respectively. The isolate could trap 94% of second-stage juveniles of M. incognita, and 92% juvenile mortality was recorded in 120 h at 28°C. Therefore, the study concluded that the isolate A. oligospora (Orbilia oligospora) PSGSS01 could be used as a biological control agent against root-knot nematodes.

Association Between Screen Time Before the Age of 2 and Preschool Cognitive Development

Science argues that a toddler is expected to speak about at least 50 clear words by the age of two. However, infants’ language delay and inattention have become a phenomenon globally. The phenomenon has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide to explore the factors and their negative impact on toddlers and preschoolers. Many researchers have proven that early screen exposure can cause language delay and inattention problems while language development is an indicator of brain development. The objective of this study is to explore the association between infant heavy exposure to child-directed programs and language delay and inattention at preschool age. Eleven preschoolers participated in this qualitative study in Erbil city. The findings of this study are that both the duration of infant exposure to screens and the media type contribute to language delay and inattention in preschool-aged toddlers and children. Increased infant exposure for 2+ in a day to child-directed programs such as COCO Melon from 0-2 years old seems to be directly associated with language delay, especially for infants with limited social interaction. However, infant exposure for 3+ in a day to child-directed programs between 0-2 years old is associated with inattention at 2 and preschool age.

Development of methods for generating examples that train a neural network to detect and classify interference in the structure of a useful signal

The main purpose of the information transmission system is to transfer useful information between its users reliably and accurately. At the same time, it would be advisable to supplement the functionality of the information transmission system with the ability to analyze interference in the communication channel during the transmission of a message. In the case of analysis of damage to the useful signal, which may occur due to interference of various types in the propagation medium, the information transmission system can use the results of such analysis to improve noise immunity, to collect statistics, to control electromagnetic compatibility. It is known that optimal processing of noise-like signals is carried out using a correlator or a matched filter, but these classical devices might be complemented with a neural network, and then in addition to determining the correlation function, it is the neural network that is able to analyze a signal damaged by interference, as shown by the authors in their previous works. In this case, for the correct training of a neural network, samples of a useful signal damaged by various types of jamming are needed. This article discusses methods for the formation of training images for a neural network designed to determine the period of pulse interference acting on an M-sequence as a known signal. Two techniques are suggested. They are digital modelling and experimental (laboratory) method. The first one is based on the inverting some elements (chips) of the original M-sequence located in certain segments whose lengths are random. The inversion is performed by the program written in C++ language. The second approach involves a special installation that consists of a personal computer, an Arduino microcontroller, a useful signal transmitter, a receiver and a periodic interference generator. The objective of each method is to obtain a matrix of damaged chips in a chain of M-sequences. Such matrix was called an “error profile” by the authors. The characteristics of the error profile obtained for certain interference parameters (jamming pulse period and duration) according to suggested methods can be used as training data for the neural network designed for jamming classification.

The relationship between video games and social-emotional delay in Chinese rural preschoolers: A comparison of five types of media video games and social-emotional delay.

Recent studies have revealed a negative relationship between children's digital media use and social-emotional development. However, few studies distinguish between different digital devices and the different functions they provide that may lead to different outcomes. This study explored the relationship between young children's time spent on various digital devices and their social-emotional delay based on a survey of 1182 preschoolers (3 to 6years old) in rural China. Children's social-emotional delay was assessed through a validated screening tool (ASQ-SE II). Children's time spent on television, computers, tablets, or smartphones was not associated with their social-emotional delay. However, their risk of social-emotional delay increased as their time spent on game consoles increased. This relationship was reflected in five of the seven behavioural areas of children's social-emotional development (i.e., self-regulation, compliance, affect, social communications, and interactions with people). Moreover, it did not vary between children with different socioeconomic statuses. This study suggests a possible relationship between children's social-emotional delay and video games, which might need to be paid more attention to than other media types.

Interpersonal Communication Interconnection in Media Convergence Metaverse

The metaverse aims to provide immersive virtual worlds connecting with the physical world. To enable real-time interpersonal communications between users across the globe, the metaverse places high demands on network performance, including low latency, high bandwidth, and fast network speeds. This paper proposes a novel Media Convergence Metaverse Network (MCMN) framework to address these challenges. Specifically, the META controller serves as MCMN's logically centralized control plane, responsible for holistic orchestration across edge sites and end-to-end path computation between metaverse users. We develop a model-free deep reinforcement learning-based metaverse traffic optimization algorithm that learns to route flows while satisfying the Quality of Service (QoS) boundaries. The network slicing engine leverages artificial intelligence and machine learning to create isolated, customized virtual networks tailored for metaverse traffic dynamics on demand. It employs unsupervised and reinforcement learning techniques using network telemetry from the META controller to understand application traffic patterns and train cognitive slicer agents to make quality of service -aware decisions accordingly. Optimized delivery of diverse concurrent media types necessitates routing intelligence to meet distinct requirements while mitigating clashes over a shared infrastructure. Media-aware routing enhances traditional shortest-path approaches by combining topological metrics with workflow sensitivities. We realize an edge-assisted rendering fabric to offload complex processing from bandwidth-constrained endpoints while retaining visual realism. Extensive simulations demonstrate MCMN's superior performance compared to conventional networking paradigms. MCMN shows great promise to enable seamless interconnectivity and ultra-high fidelity communications to unlock the true potential of the metaverse.

Optimalisation of in vitro sterilisation methods for North Sumatra local garlic (Allium Sativum L.)

Abstract The establishment stage is critical to the success of plant tissue culture. Each plant tissue has unique tissue surface characteristics that interact with various natural microbes. The goal of this study was to find a sterilisation method that is effective at removing contamination while not damaging or inhibiting explant regeneration. In this study, Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial with 2 factors was used. The first factor was the disinfectant, namely T1 (Benzalkonium chloride 0.5%), T2 (Nordox 6 g/L 0.6%), and T3 (Clorox 10%). The second factor is the type of media, consisting of M1 (BDS supplemented with 1.8 μM/L 2,4-D and 9.2 μM/L Kinetin), M2 (BDS supplemented with 9 μM/L 2,4-D and 9.2 μM/L Kinetin), M3 (MS supplemented with 9 μM/L 2,4-D and 4.6 μM/L Kinetin), and M4 (MS media supplemented with 1.3 μM/L 2,4-D and 9.2 μM/L Kinetin. The observed parameters were the percentage of contamination, the survival rate, the type of contamination, the percentage of callus growing, weight and diameter. The T2 treatment was the most effective in reducing contamination and had the highest survival rate. T3 treatment resulted in the highest callus regeneration percentage, callus weight, and callus diameter, but also the highest level of contamination.

Equine mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle productivity but not overall yield is improved via 3-D culture with chemically defined media.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a biotherapeutic for osteoarthritis; however, manufacturing large quantities is not practical using traditional monolayer (2-D) culture. We aimed to examine the effects of 3-D and 2-D culture 2 types of media: Dulbecco modified Eagle medium and a commercially available medium (CM) on EV yield. Banked bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) from 6 healthy, young horses were used. 4 microcarriers (collagen-coated polystyrene, uncoated polystyrene, collagen-coated dextran, and uncoated dextran) were tested in static and bioreactor cultures, and the optimal microcarrier was chosen. The BM-MSCs were inoculated into a bioreactor with collagen-coated dextran microcarriers at 5,000 cells/cm2 or onto culture dishes at 4,000 cells/cm2 in either Dulbecco modified Eagle medium or CM media. Supernatants were obtained for metabolite and pH analysis. The BM-MSCs were expanded until confluent (2-D) or for 7 days (3-D) when the 48-hour EV collection period commenced using EV-depleted media. Extracellular vesicles were isolated and characterized via nanoparticle tracking analysis, Western blot, transmission electron microscopy, and protein quantification. The BM-MSCs were harvested, quantified, and immunophenotyped. The number of EVs isolated was not improved by 3-D culture or CM media, however, the CM 3-D condition improved the number of EVs produced per BM-MSC over the CM 2-D condition (mean ± SD: 306 ± 99 vs 37 ± 22, respectively). Glucose decreased and lactate and ammonium accumulated in 3-D culture. Surface markers of stemness exhibited reduced expression in 3-D culture. Optimization of our 3-D culture methods could improve BM-MSC expansion and thus EV yield.

Securing brand trust and reputation in an era of political polarisation and AI-driven disinformation

This paper analyses the seismic reputational risks now facing brands as two major sociotechnical forces converge — the rise of ideological polarisation and the emergence of AI’s ability to generate synthetic media impersonating organisations. It examines how brands have embraced polarised stances on social issues to build deeper connections with values-driven consumers, especially younger demographics like millennials and Gen Z. By adopting partisan positions. Brands also become targets for ideological attacks seeking to erode trust. Meanwhile, rapid advances in generative AI empower malicious actors to disseminate disinformation, attacking brands with harmful narratives, misinformation and disinformation on an unprecedented scale and realism to do financial and reputational harm. The paper provides an in-depth examination of both dynamics. It explores how younger consumers increasingly demand corporate advocacy on divisive issues, forcing brands to navigate complex sociopolitical fault lines. Taking progressive stances risks a backlash from ideological opponents ready to instigate reputation-damaging retaliation. The paper also details the exponential threats introduced by AI synthesis technologies like generative adversarial networks. It explains how even modestly resourced attackers could soon produce unlimited volumes of fake content, misinformation and disinformation to target brands across all digital channels and media types. To address these converging risks, the paper recommends that brands invest in capabilities including monitoring sociocultural tensions, technologically authenticating communications, establishing early disinformation warning systems, educating consumers on resisting manipulation, crafting proactive narratives, practicing radical transparency and testing defences. It emphasises the need for holistic ‘narrative intelligence’ combining data analysis, cultural discernment and human wisdom. With deliberate strategies focused on verification, transparency and continuous learning, brands can foster resilience and enduring trust despite inevitable disruptions. The paper concludes that competence in navigating partisan debates and AI deception will become a competitive advantage in determining which brands lead in this complex future.

Features of building communication with international students using modern online media

This article explores the influence of online media on the process of adaptation of foreign students in educational institutions. The study was carried out in relation to the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia and some other universities of the Russian Federation that actively use international educational and academic exchange. The authors analyze the main barriers students face when transitioning to a new learning environment, such as cultural, linguistic and academic differences. The authors of the article discuss the role of online media in overcoming these barriers, emphasizing their importance in the process of exchanging information, developing communication skills in a foreign language, and creating trusting relationships. The contribution of online media to the integration of different cultures and traditions is considered, which contributes to the formation of cultural understanding, tolerance and respect for the diversity of worldviews in the educational environment. An analysis is made of how students use online resources to obtain additional information, develop relevant skills and deepen their knowledge, as well as an analysis of existing research on the topic of adaptation of foreign students and the role of online media in education. In addition, the article covers the following subtopics. Features of collecting data on the experience of foreign students and their use of online media. Conducting interviews with foreign students, teachers, and university administrations to obtain high-quality information about adaptation problems and the role of perception of Internet resources and their impact on the adaptation process. The novelty of this study lies in the following characteristics of the work performed. Focuses were made on a specific university or region. The specifics of different groups of students were taken into account. The analysis was carried out taking into account how online media is used by students from different countries, with different language levels, different specialties, etc. The influence of specific types of online media was studied: for example, social networks, educational platforms, chatbots, specialized applications for international students. The analysis of the influence of online media was explicit on various aspects of adaptation through such sections as academic performance, psychological well-being, social integration, cultural adaptation and others. The project ends with a presentation of recommendations developed by the authors of the article on the use of online media to increase the effectiveness of adaptation of foreign students in other countries or universities around the world.

Cognitively motivated or emotionally charged? Issue-switching mechanism of second screening-facilitated political participation during the 2022 COVID-19 waves in China

This study examines the effects of mass media and mobile media on civil behaviors in China during COVID-19 outbreaks. It explores the media practices of the Chinese public and the psychological mechanisms that led to their protests and boycotts against the government's COVID policies. Chinese official media has a reputation for depoliticizing natural disasters and censoring the online mobilization of collective actions. Based on previous research and theories regarding media multitasking and political communication, this study demonstrates the psychological mechanism by which a special type of media multitasking—second screening—contributed to political participation in a politically restrictive environment. This study contributes to existing research on media multitasking by proposing a unique theoretical framework that entails an issue-based typology of second screening. The framework expands knowledge by highlighting the importance of issue-switching and investigating its psychological influence on political participation. Previous studies have primarily focused on device-switching and its effects, so this study offers fresh insights in this field. Drawing on a nationwide online survey (N = 1180) conducted during the late-2022 wave of COVID-19 in China, this study reveals that second screening on official televised COVID-19 news can elicit simultaneous issue-switching among Chinese audiences: from the de-politicalized COVID-19 propaganda toward politics. Further, second screening on different issues (i.e., politics vs. health sciences) may instigate political participation through cognitive and emotion channels differently. That is, both political efficacy (cognitive) and negative emotions (emotion) facilitate the process, with the former making a greater contribution.

Intermedial and theatrical perspectives of AI: Re-framing the Turing test

Artificial intelligence (AI), the understanding and building of computational agents that act intelligently, is claimed to be a powerful, pervasive medium. Although we interact with it and hear a lot about it, we do not ‘see’ AI but experience its manifestations and/or outcomes, such as chatterbots and virtual assistants. A criterion for deeming an artificial agent as intelligent has been already proposed by Turing in 1950, coined as the ‘Imitation Game’, where a machine takes the place of a man, known as the Turing test. Despite the test being initially conceived as a make-believe game, AI has been enmeshed in major fields of human social activity and co-determines our lives. In this article, AI is compared with the media type of theatre performance, the epitome of make-believe, on the basis of intermediality. Furthermore, the analogies between AI and theatre are discussed and the paradigm of the puppet theatre as well as the medium of the mask prevail in the analysis. Findings are discussed, especially in light of the mind–body split and the alignment problem, and their implications are contemplated, allowing a re-estimation and re-framing of the Turing test in its theatrical and performative dimension.

Motion Graphics in Visual Communication: Unveiling Creative Strategies in Contemporary Digital Design

This research delves into the transformative role of motion graphics within the realm of visual communication, underscoring its evolution from traditional to contemporary digital design. Rather than merely talking about historical developments, technological advancements, and present practices, the study delineates how motion graphics apply narrative and introduces interactive elements, which in the end lead to greater relevant communication in most digital media types. Taking a diverse methodological approach, it combines historical research and case studies to illustrate the interaction between art and technology, showcases the potential of motion graphics as a source of graphic narration that is both emotive and informative. The results show that it is more needed than ever before for motion graphics creation to take innovations and developments into account along with the creative strategies to achieve widespread experiences. This is the goal of the study bringing to the conversation about digital designs, the argument that motion graphics are the border of visual communications in the world today, while trying to forecast the future trends to get an application multidisciplinary.

Potentiometric Application of CeFeMoP and CeAlMoP in Zr(IV) Ions Analysis: A Comparative Study

Two cerium-based ionophores Cerium(III) ironmolybdophosphate (CeFeMoP) and Cerium(III) aluminomolybdophosphate (CeAlMoP), were synthesised, having ion exchange capacities of 5.76±0.1 and 5.6±0.2 meq/gm respectively. Electroanalytical studies of synthesised heteropolyacid salts have been done using epoxy resin as binder material to form membranes of variable compositions. The potentiometric observation supports the behaviour of 40% membrane in both cases. CeFeMoP-based electrode showed a linear range from concentration 1x10-6 to 1x10-1 M and a limit of detection 6.31×10-7 M. In contrast, these parameters in the case of CeAlMoP are of linear range from 1x10-7 M to 1x10-1 M, response time 22 seconds and a limit of detection 5.01 × 10-7 M. Membranes yielded a rapid response time of 15 seconds in the case of CeFeMoP. The membranes performed very well in the case of internal concentration variations of the same solution and several other types of non-aqueous media. The FIM method proves the selectivity of the electrode even in the presence of interfering ions. CeFeMoP based sensor performed over a constant potential behaviour in pH values ranging between 3.32-8.26 while CeAlMoP based electrode worked in the pH range of 3.25-10.54 for a constant internal concentration of Zr(IV) ions. The two sensors also performed well as indicator electrodes as well as in real-time sample analysis. Hence, it is concluded that these sensors derived from CeFeMoP and CeAlMoP are quite effective in analyzing the Zr(IV) ions in various samples with quick response time and a lifetime of around 8 and 7 months respectively. A real field study was also performed by using an ICP-MS analyzer.

Strategy to Increase Lettuce Plant Growth (Lactuca sativa L.) with fertilization optimization

Lettuce is a horticultural commodity that has quite good commercial value. This research was carried out on houseland in Pondok Batu Village, Bilah Hulu District, Labuhan Batu Regency from March 2024 to May 2024. This research aimed to see the effectiveness of NPK fertilizer application on the growth and production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). This research aims to determine the type of planting media and the correct dose of NPK fertilizer for optimum growth and yield of lettuce so that it can become information that can be used by the public. Data analysis showed that plants given NPK fertilizer had higher yields and better overall health than plants without fertilizer It is hoped that the use of NPK fertilizer will make it easier to apply in the field and can increase the required nutrient content in the soil and can be used directly by plants. This research used a Randomized Group Design (RAK) consisting of 4 treatments. P0 Soil planting media, P1 Soil planting media; dose of NPK fertilizer 100 grams, P2 Soil planting media; NPK fertilizer dose 200 grams, P3 Soil planting media; NPK fertilizer dose 300 grams

The Effectiveness of Three Types of Tissue Culture Media on the Growth and Jasmone Content of Jasmine (Jasminum sambac) Callus

The Effectiveness of Three Types of Tissue Culture Media on the Growth and Jasmone Content of Jasmine (Jasminum sambac) Callus

Susut Bobot dan Kadar Air Tajuk Tanaman Pakcoy Akibat Pengaruh Jenis Media Tanam dan Konsentrasi Nutrisi AB Mix

Pakcoy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is a type of vegetable commonly cultivated using hydroponic systems. The weight loss and moisture content of pakcoy plant shoots can be influenced by the type of growing media and the concentration of AB Mix nutrients. Each type of growing medium has distinct physical and chemical properties. The combination of different AB Mix nutrient concentrations with various growing media types results in varying weight loss and moisture content in the plant shoots. Pakcoy plants with lower weight loss and higher shoot moisture content exhibit better storage resistance. The research method employed was a Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors: the first factor being the type of growing media (burnt rice husk, cocopeat, rockwool), and the second factor being the concentration of AB Mix nutrients (1,000, 1,200, and 1,400 ppm). The results indicated that rockwool, combined with an AB Mix nutrient concentration of 1,000 ppm, resulted in the lowest weight loss and the highest shoot moisture content compared to other treatments.

Analysis of the linearity of the story on the creation of the game "Elephant Rescue.”

Media is an intermediary that can be used to convey information or messages in learning to achieve learning outcomes. Many types of media are used in the learning process. One of the media used in learning is games as educational media, called educational games. Educational games are games that are formed to hone thinking power, including increasing concentration and solving a problem. Educational stories based on local wisdom also serve to strengthen character education so that they can be well received without reducing the playing experience gained by players. Through the results of game testing, 40% of respondents strongly agreed that the understanding of conserving animals, especially elephants in Way Kambas Lampung National Park, was sought to be raised through the Elephant in Rescue Game, and 24% agreed that the understanding of conserving animals, especially elephants in Way Kambas Lampung National Park, was sought to be raised through the Elephant in Rescue Game. 60% of respondents agreed with the educational element presented in the game Elephant in Rescue, and 56% of respondents agreed that the application of the story in this game was appropriate. Based on the results of testing on respondents, it can be concluded that the application of stories and education about the importance of preserving animals, especially elephants in Way Kambas National Park, Lampung, can be conveyed well in accordance with what has been designed before.

Where do cross-cutting discussions happen?: Identifying cross-cutting comments on YouTube videos of political vloggers and mainstream news outlets.

Since the conception of social media, research on political communication has pointed toward the risk that the social media environment can foster political echo chambers. However, this has recently been contradicted by some studies demonstrating "cross-cutting discussions" on social media. The current study extends this literature by particularly focusing on communication on political vlogger videos and having mainstream news outlet videos as a reference point. Specifically, this study addresses five points: (1) to what extent cross-partisan comments occupy conservative and liberal vloggers' comment threads and if there is a significant difference between the two, (2) the possibility that comments from vlogger videos can be utilized to predict the political leanings of comments on mainstream news outlet videos, (3) if the proportion of cross-cutting discussions on mainstream news outlet videos significantly varies by the news outlet's political leaning, (4) if a neutral news outlet channel can work as a venue for cross-cutting discussions, and (5) if the proportion of cross-cutting comments in mainstream news outlet comment threads is significantly different from that in vlogger comment threads. Both manual and computational analyses were employed; the political leanings of vlogger comments were analyzed by manual content analysis, and based on the results, the political leanings of mainstream news outlet comments were analyzed by NLP classifiers using three different algorithms-logistic regression, SVM, and random forest. As a result, we found that the proportion of cross-cutting discussions significantly varies by both the channel's political leaning and media type. In addition, our results suggest the possibility of neutral news outlets as a place for cross-cutting discussions.

When Science Meets Digital Branding

The science media ecosystem continues to dramatically change with the proliferation of digital media channels and platforms. While there are many different types of digital media filling this void, the use of online videos, particularly on YouTube, has become one of the main sources for information, specifically for science and environmental issues. While most researchers examine the content of online science news and information, we show that digital trace data, including hyperlinks, “likes”, and comments that are unique to participatory online media, can reveal interesting patterns about how and why people communicate and engage with content as well as other community members. Using climate change as a case study, we demonstrate how researchers can harness hyperlinks to understand who produces controversial science news and information online, and the motivations underlying how content creators use of hyperlinks for science communication and public engagement. While many existing studies in science communication have focused on understanding the political dimension of online science news and information, our paper reveals that digital branding is a crucial part of science communication on video-based platforms such as YouTube and TikTok. We find that amateur content creators and new media outlets use hyperlinks to promote their channel and other social media presences to raise revenue. While self-promotion through citing links to one’s other social media platforms is associated with more views, linking to revenue raising websites is not associated with more views. We discuss the implications of these contexts for the online science news and information ecosystem.

Research on heritage characteristics based on railway architectural heritage database in Jinzhou section of the Peking–Mukden Railway

This research interprets the background of Jinzhou section of the Peking–Mukden Railway, and puts forward 65 heritages as cases based on the scope definition and investigation. After the data collection, processing, and visualization, the database composed of 9 sub-databases, with B/S architecture mode, is constructed based on SQL server platform. The ArcGIS tool is used to analyze the distribution of the heritages, including spatial distribution characteristics, spatial agglomeration, and spatial equilibrium. “Image and model information database” and “text attribute information database” is used to analyze the architectural ontology features. The conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) The integral distribution has the characteristics of “cohesion”, while the 5 medium types of heritages show obvious and different directions. 2) The overall pattern of spatial agglomeration is characterized by high cohesion with a single high agglomeration point as the core. The low agglomeration area shows a point-line-point pattern. 3) The integral heritages and three main types of buildings differ in distribution, and the equilibrium is low. The architectural ontology analysis shows that the image information can be used as the basis for ontology characteristics analysis, architectural form and style judgment, and architectural functional space analysis.