Types Of Media Research Articles

Differentiating the associations of passive and active social media use with e-cigarette use among U.S. youth

PurposeThe impacts of passive (i.e., browsing) versus active (i.e., engagement) use of social media on e-cigarette use among youth have been understudied in existing literature. This study examines how passive and active use of social media are differentially associated with e-cigarette use among youth and how risk perceptions mediate these associations. MethodsPooled data from the 2021 and 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey (N=48,704, aged 11–19) were used. Weighted structural equation models were employed to estimate the associations between passive and active social media use and youth e-cigarette use. ResultsBoth passive and active social media use were associated with higher odds and more days of e-cigarette use among youth. E-cigarette risk perceptions mediated the associations between active use and both the likelihood of ever using e-cigarettes and the number of days of use. Risk perceptions mediated the association between active, but not passive, use and the number of days of e-cigarette use. Compared to passive use, active use was overall associated with higher odds and more days of youth e-cigarette use. DiscussionThe findings suggest that public health efforts should distinguish between passive and active social media use when designing and executing interventions. Attention and efforts should also be directed towards understanding the distinct indirect effects of passive and active social media use through risk perceptions. These findings advance our theoretical understanding of the role of different types of social media use and offer significant practical insights for interventions.

Utilization of Language Laboratories in Istima’ Learning at Darul ‘Ulum Islamic University Lamongan

Language laboratories are considered an effective medium for foreign language learning, facilitating teachers and learners to study more effectively. The modern language laboratories used today represent a new and innovative approach, incorporating various types of media with specific functions. This study aims to analyze the use of language laboratories for Istima' learning, the different tools available in language laboratories, students' perceptions of using language laboratories in Istima' learning, and the challenges or obstacles encountered during the use of language laboratories in Istima' learning. The research was conducted at Darul ‘Ulum Islamic University Lamongan. A qualitative descriptive method was used in this study. Data collection techniques included interviews and questionnaires. The findings of this study indicate that: 1) The tools used in the language laboratory for Istima' learning include earphones, LCD screens, projectors, the internet, Wi-Fi, YouTube, and e-learning platforms; 2) The utilization of language laboratories, media, and learning resources is primarily for delivering content and for evaluation or assignments in Istima' learning; 3) Students' perspectives indicate that the media and learning resources used in the language laboratory positively impact their enthusiasm and engagement in Istima' learning.

Application of Video-Based Learning Media Using Videoscribe in Water Resources Development Lectures at Building Engineering Education FPTK UPI

Background: The learning process requires learning media components, one of which is to achieve the expected results. More interactive learning media was created to suit current conditions and accomplish this goal. In this case, the researcher designed and implemented a type of video-based learning media using the Videoscribe program in the Water Resources Development Course to increase students' understanding and mastery of Irrigation Buildings.Methods: The method used in this research is Research and Development (RD) and uses the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) development model. The subjects involved in this research were 3 experts for testing media aspects and independent aspects. The results of the validation by three experts obtained very good criteria. The research, it was carried out on students of the Class of 2020 Building Engineering Education Study Program FPTK UPI by holding an initial test, 3 treatment meetings, and a final test.Result: The research results show that: (1) The feasibility of Videoscribe learning media is included in the Very Good category. (2) There is an increase in student learning outcomes after being given treatment in terms of the average N-Gain value in the medium category.Conclusion: The feasibility of videoscribe media in the Water Resources Development Course can be said to be feasible to implement, seen from the learning outcomes, students experience increased learning outcomes.

Interactive vs transactional: how social media ads engage consumers with disparate regulatory orientation and lay rationalism

PurposeThe growing number of firms leveraging social media ads highlight the urgent need for firms to understand social media ads and their effects on consumer perceptions and attitudes. This research examines whether and how different types of social media ads exert influences on ad engagement and how consumers’ psychological characteristics including regulatory orientation and lay rationalism moderate the influence of social media ads on ad engagement.Design/methodology/approachThis research conducts three quasi experiments featuring two types of social media ads – interactive and transactional – to collect empirical evidence. Results are analyzed using ANOVA and Process in SPSS.FindingsThis research reveals that interactive ads lead to higher perceived enjoyment and perceived responsiveness, which further lead to higher ad engagement. Promotion focus moderates the effect of social media ads (interactive vs transactional ads) on perceived enjoyment and perceived responsiveness, and lay rationalism moderates the effect on perceived responsiveness, while prevention focus has no such effect.Originality/valueFirst, this research establishes the connection between ad types and ad engagement in social media, which offers a new perspective to understand ad engagement. Second, it explores the underlying mechanisms of processing different types of social media ads. Third, it justifies the moderating effects of consumers’ regulatory orientation and lay rationalism on the effects of ad types on ad engagement, providing the first evidence on the moderating role of consumers’ lay rationalism in ad processing. This research helps firm marketers to fine-tune their social media ads according to consumer characteristics.

Memory Retention and Cultural Resonance: Exploring the Impact of Ephemeral Digital Narratives

The accelerating progress of the digital landscape has led to the rise of consumption of content that is short-lived and fast-paced. In this context, social media platforms such as Instagram and Snapchat have become predominant for their effective use of temporary digital content that lasts for a brief period (usually 24 hours) before disappearing. Ephemerality has become the zeitgeist of the 21st century. In a world where immediacy and instant gratification are highly valued, the pattern of consumption of digital media is also aligned to such quick snippets of information rather than watching a long video. This paradigm shift is redefining how people perceive time and memory in the digital age. This preliminary study analyses the effect of such ephemeral digital narratives on the memory retention of consumers and also explores the implications of such content on cultural and collective memory. A sample of 100 participants ranging from the age of 18-35 years, were exposed to curated ephemeral content from Instagram and Snapchat for seven days. Participants were exposed to different media types, presentation styles, and cognitive demands. Daily surveys examined their memory retention using various question formats. The study examined ten hypotheses using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine how media type (video, image, both), presentation style (visual, verbal/textual, both), cognitive processing demands (shallow, deep processing), and question format affect recall effectiveness.

Micropropagation and optimisation of in vitro production of the rare and threatened moss Entosthodon pulchellus (Funariaceae)

The establishment of axenic cultures and the propagation of the rare moss Entosthodon pulchellus (H. Philip.) Brugués (Funariaceae), as well as the optimisation of its ex situ growth conditions and rapid biomass production were the goals of this study. The results obtained also provide insights into the developmental biology of this moss in in vitro conditions, particularly regarding basal media contents with or without supplements of selected plant growth regulators or sugars, i.e. its nutritional needs. The procedure for establishing axenic cultures of this rare and threatened moss species is described. The optimisation protocol of the growth and production conditions is elaborated. The spore germinability of dried herbarium samples remained rather high in the tested laboratory conditions. Suitability tests on different media types showed KNOP basal media to be the best fit for the rapid biomass production of both secondary protonemata and leafy gametophores, without the addition of sugars or plant growth regulators. However, sugar, namely sucrose, induced rapid and massive protonemal development and can be used when this developmental stage is needed.

The Relationship Between Self-Disclosure and Anonymity in Online Social Media Users

The more widespread the use of social media, the easier it is for individuals to disclose themselves (self disclosure). One of the factors that influence self disclosure is personality which plays a role in shaping a person's behavior on social media, including behavior to present themselves anonymously. These factors cause the phenomenon of anonymity in social media. This study aims to determine the correlation between self disclosure and anonymity in online social media users. This study uses quantitative methods with correlation techniques. The population of this study are active users of anonymous accounts on social media. The sampling technique for this study is incidental sampling. The amount of samples obtained was 184 people. The self disclosure scale uses the Revised Self-Disclosure Scale (RSDS) consists of 14 items adopted from Nugroho (2018) based on the theory developed by Leung (2002). The anonymity scale consists of 14 items adopted from Chairunnisa (2018) based on the scale compiled by Lee et al. (2013). The reliability coefficient of the self disclosure scale is 0.808 and the reliability coefficient of the anonymity scale is 0.855. Hypothesis testing was carried out with the pearson product moment correlation test and resulted a significance value of 0.727. This means that there is no relationship between self disclosure and anonymity in online social media users. Further research is suggested to examine more specifically based on one type of social media

Biological invasion with a porous medium type diffusion in a heterogeneous space

The knowledge of traveling wave solutions is the main tool in the study of wave propagation. However, in a spatially heterogeneous environment, traveling wave solutions do not exist, and a different approach is needed. In this paper, we study the generation and the propagation of hyperbolic scale singular limits of a KPP-type reaction–diffusion equation when the carrying capacity is spatially heterogeneous and the diffusion is of a porous medium equation type. We show that the interface propagation speed varies according to the carrying capacity.

Optimized medium composition in Physalis alkekengi callus culture altered nitric oxide level for inducing antioxidant enzyme activities and secondary metabolites

Physalis alkekengi L. is a valuable medicinal plant from the Solanaceae family and has multiple therapeutic applications. This study aimed to develop an optimized protocol for callogenesis in P. alkekengi to obtain friable calluses with high biomass. The effect of different concentrations of picloram, casein hydrolysate (CH), basal media (Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Gamborg (B5)), and static magnetic field (SMF) were investigated on the callus induction and growth, signaling molecules, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Results showed that CH (200 mgL−1) and SMF4 mT for 90 min increased callus induction and fresh weight in P. alkekengi, while different concentrations of picloram reduced callogenesis. Hypocotyl explants showed various callogenesis and metabolic responses depending on the basal medium type. The 2B5 medium supplied with CH 200 (mgL−1) induced friable and cream calluses with high biomass (0.62 g) compared to the MS medium (control). The maximum activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities was identified in the 2B5 medium and peroxidase in the 2MS medium. The highest total phenolic (129.44 µg g−1DW) content and phenylalanine-ammonia lyase activity were obtained in the 2MS medium, and total withanolides (49.86 µg g-1DW) and DPPH radical scavenging activity were observed in the 2B5 medium. The 2MS medium boosted the hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide levels, while their contents alleviated in the 2B5 medium, although these parameters were higher than the control. The findings of this study suggest that an effective protocol for successful callogenesis in P. alkekengi and the nutrient composition of culture medium by affecting the level of signaling molecules can control the antioxidant defense system and callus growth.

Pengaruh Iklim Mikro dan Penggunaan Media Tanam yang Berbeda pada Pertumbuan Tanaman Melon Varietas Sweet Net

Melon are plants that are sensitive to environmental changes. Currently, developing technology for cultivating melons in greenhouses is used to modify the microclimate for the growth of melon plants. This research aims to determine the effect of microclimate and different types of planting media on growth response of sweet net variety melon plants that planted in the Politeknik Negeri Jember smart green house. The research was carried out in January – May 2024. The treatments tested consisted of two treatments, namely: the use of soil media+compos and cocopeat media which would be repeated 15 times. The parameters observed include microclimate (temperature and humidity) and also plant growth indicators including plant length and number of leaves, number of flowers, and potential weight of melon. The data obtained were analyzed using the T-test. The research results show that the microclimate inside the Politeknik Negeri Jember smart green house is still classified as an optimal microclimate to support the growth of melon plants. Apart from that, the use of cocopeat planting media was able to provide the best results for the length of the melon plants in the 4th to 6th week of observation, but there was no significant difference in the parameters of the number of leaves, number of flowers and potential weight of melon of. The use of cocopeat media and soil media are both good media in supporting the growth of melon plants in a greenhouse.

Organic Manure as Rearing Substrates for Red Worms (<i>Eisenia fetida</i>): Effects on Chemical Composition and Growth Performance

Red worms (<i>Eisenia fetida</i>) can convert biowaste and by-products into body mass and become high in protein and lipid content. However, the type of growth media used affects both larval body composition and growth performance. Using recycled organic materials from chicken manure (CM), cow dung manure (CDM) and rabbit manure (RM), the present study evaluated the production of red worms that could be used as a substitute protein source for fish meals. Two experiments were conducted, the first experiment tested the compatibility of each organic manure when mixed with soil separately, whereas the second experiment combined the three organic manures with a fixed amount of soil. The study was conducted for 60 days. The findings showed that red worms reared on 100 % CM had a significantly higher body weight (19.27 ± 0.9 g) followed by those reared on 100 % CDM and 75% RM, whereas red worms reared on 100 % RM had the lowest body weight (4.9 ± 0.1 g). A combination of 20% CM + 40% CDM + 20% RM + 20% Soil supported significantly higher body weight of red worms (24.9 ± 1.1 g), while the lowest value of body weight (5.1 ± 0.2 g) was in a combination of 20% CM + 0% CDM + 60% RM + 20% Soil). Furthermore, the results revealed that red worms reared on 100 % CDM without soil as waste substrate had the highest crude protein (73.28% DM) compared to red worms reared on other types of substrates. The study suggests the potential of reusing organic manure such as chicken and cow dung manure at different inclusion levels in the production of red worms.

Study on the evolution of dissolved organic matter in the underground storage of mine water.

The water-rock interactions significantly affect the dissolution and release of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the reinjection of mine water into the underground reservoir. In this study, the surface characteristics and chemical composition of the natural medium from the open-pit coal mine were characterized. The waste consists mainly of quartz-dominated sandstone (43.64%) and mudstone dominated by sanidine (76.36%). During the 35-day experiment, two protein-like, one humus-like, and one fulvic acid-like substances were identified by PARAFAC. It was observed that the type of aqueous medium significantly affected the variational trend of DOM. Compared to the artificial medium, the fluorescence intensity of waste materials in the waste dump increased significantly during the reinjection process. Therefore, a positive correlation was observed between the fraction of mudstone in the aqueous medium and the DOM composition, mainly due to the dissolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon substances from the mudstone. The results revealed that the natural water storage medium had a certain water storage feasibility when compared with the expensive artificial medium. However, the fraction of mudstone in the water storage medium should be controlled to minimize the release of organic matter into the environment.

Direct production of olefins from waste plastic using a pyrolysis and fluid catalytic cracking integrated process: Part 1. study on the production and analysis of waxy oil obtained using a new type of a fluidized bed reactor

The ultimate aim of this research is to produce ethylene and propylene directly from waste plastic. To achieve this, we designed a new cracker having a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) and a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The FBR produces oil in vapor phase, and the FCC unit transforms the vapor into olefins. As a first step toward achieving the research goal, the current study conducts pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene using a new pyrolysis process having a FBR. By understanding characteristics of pyrolysis oils obtained in this study, it becomes possible to determine its suitability as FCC feed and its relationship with olefin productivity. The current investigation focused on the effects of vapor residence time, reaction temperature, and type of fluidizing medium on yield and composition of oil. The results showed that the waxy oil yield depended highly on reaction temperature, reaching a maximum of about 95 wt%. The sum of yields of n-alkenes and n-alkadienes, which are favorable for producing olefins when catalytically cracked in the FCC unit, reached 82 wt%. SIMDIS analysis, which determines the boiling point range distribution of oil, revealed strong effects of reaction temperature and residence time on the carbon numbers of the waxy oil.

Luth Badila's Learning Time

Learning media play a crucial role in enhancing the student learning process, with various types of media being employed to engage students and facilitate better understanding. Posters are one such medium that can significantly enhance students' attention and interest during learning sessions. However, traditional posters often lack elements that make them interactive and engaging enough to substantially impact speaking skills and teamwork. This study aims to introduce and evaluate the effectiveness of a novel learning medium, known as Luth-Badila’s Learning Time, which utilizes uniquely designed 3D posters incorporating subject materials, quizzes, and a rotating clock embedded in a robot's head to attract students' attention and improve their speaking skills and teamwork. The implementation of Luth-Badila’s Learning Time in classrooms has shown promising results, with a noticeable increase in student engagement, improved speaking skills, and enhanced teamwork. The novelty of this learning medium lies in its interactive 3D design and the integration of multiple educational elements into a single poster, which is a significant departure from traditional 2D posters. The findings suggest that incorporating such innovative and interactive learning media in educational settings can lead to better student outcomes, particularly in terms of speaking skills and collaborative abilities. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing evidence of the benefits of using advanced, interactive posters in educational contexts, thereby encouraging educators to adopt similar approaches to enhance learning experiences. Highlights: Innovative Design: Luth-Badila’s Learning Time uses 3D posters with quizzes and a rotating clock to captivate students. Improved Skills: This medium significantly boosts speaking skills and teamwork among students. Educational Impact: Interactive posters lead to higher student engagement and better learning outcomes. Keywords: 3D Poster, Learning Media, Speaking Skills, Student Engagement

Empowering Early Childhood Educators: Innovative Approaches to Literacy Instruction

This study aims to describe the smart teaching of kindergarten teachers in teaching literacy. Smart teaching literacy is the ability of teachers to teach literacy. The problems found in literacy teaching are related to the ability to recognize the alphabet, write the alphabet, and read. This research is qualitative research using observation and in-depth interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of this study show that smart teaching carried out by kindergarten teachers in teaching literacy as a means of exploration, experimentation, and self-expression for children uses various types of media used in smart teaching, including digital media, namely through the Kids Academy application. Smart teaching literacy is expected to have open and effective communication, involve parents, create a positive environment, and provide rewards and consequences to children.

Effect of Tomato Grafting onto Novel and Commercial Rootstocks on Improved Salinity Tolerance and Enhanced Growth, Physiology, and Yield in Soilless Culture

Grafting high-yielding tomato varieties onto stress-tolerant rootstocks can mitigate the adverse effects of saline water irrigation on plant tomato productivity in arid regions like Saudi Arabia. This study investigates the efficacy of grafting tomatoes onto both novel and commercial rootstocks to enhance salinity tolerance and its impact on growth, physiological parameters, and yield in a soilless culture system. The experiment involved two water quality levels, 2 (S1) and 4 (S2) dS m−1, two growth media types, volcanic rock (M1) and sand (M2), and six grafting treatments: Tone Guitar F1 non-grafted (G1) (commercial scion), grafted onto itself (G2), Tone Guitar F1* Maxifort F1 (G3) (commercial rootstock), and grafting the scion onto three novel rootstocks, X-218 (G4), X-238 (G5), and Alawamiya365 (G6). Growth, physiology, photosynthetic pigments, and yield improved with lower salinity (2 dS m−1) in volcanic rock and with the grafting treatments (G2–G6) compared to the non-grafted treatment (G1). The best results were achieved with the S1M1G5 treatment, where yield increased by 53% compared to the lowest yield in non-grafted plants grown in sand under higher salinity (S2M2G1). All studied traits were adversely affected under high salinity (S2) in sandy media, with the G1 treatment resulting in the lowest values for these traits.

Kinetic and equilibrium analysis of penguin guano trace elements release to Antarctic seawater and snow meltwater

The present work extends the scope of prior studies through analysis, modelling and simulation of the As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn release from Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) penguin guano to the Southern Ocean seawater and to Antarctic snow meltwater. Laboratory experimental results have been modelled considering kinetic processes between water and guano using two element pools in the guano compartment; its application allows us to interpret behaviours and predict release concentrations of dissolved trace elements from guano which are potentially useful for incorporation as elements source into biogeochemical models applied in the Southern Ocean. Variations in quantities and release patterns depending on the type of guano and aqueous medium in contact have been identified. The release percentages from the guano to the aqueous medium, once the steady state has been reached, vary depending on the water medium and guano type in the ranges of 100–2.9 % for Mo; 91.5–68.6 % for Ni; 81.8–22.8 % As; 52.0–43.9 % Cu; 26.9–7.4 % Mn; 24.9–5.4 for Co; 4.4–3.2 % for Zn and 0.94–0.51 % for Fe. Considering a penguin population of 774,000 Gentoo and 8,000,000 Chinstrap, the estimated annual mass released to the both seawater and freshwater would be ≈18,500 kg for Cu, ≈1710 kg for Zn, ≈1944 kg for Fe, ≈1640 kg for Mn, ≈499 kg for As, ≈289 kg for Ni, ≈155 kg for Mo, ≈36.7 kg for Cd and ≈8.1 kg for Co. These contributions can be locally significant both in promoting phytoplankton growth and in their role as inhibitors of primary productivity.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Excessive Recreational Screen Time Among Adolescents in the United Kingdom: A National Longitudinal Study

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and excessive recreational screen time. MethodsUsing data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, we examined the associations of prospectively collected individual ACEs, ACE scores, and poverty with excessive recreational screen time (>4 hours) across different media types. We ran further analyses to investigate sex differences in the associations of ACEs with excessive screen time. The robustness of these associations were tested by controlling for sociodemographic factors. ResultsAmong the included 11,439 adolescents (49.9% boys), those who experienced three or more ACEs were more likely to partake in excessive screen time compared to those with no ACEs after adjusting for covariates. This included recreational internet time at age 14, television time at age 14, electronic game time at ages 14 and 17, and social networking time at ages 14 and 17. We found similar associations between individual ACEs and excessive screen time. For example, parental mental health problems were associated with excessive recreational internet time (odds ratio [OR]: 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15, 1.42), excessive television time (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.28), and excessive electronic game time (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.56) at age 14. Boys showed stronger associations between certain ACEs and excessive screen time compared to girls. DiscussionACEs and poverty are associated with adolescents' later excessive recreational screen time, including excessive time spent on television watching, electronic games, and social networking.

Media and Context of Science Education in TPACK: A Systematic Review

MEDIA E CONTESTO DELL’EDUCAZIONE SCIENTIFICA IN TPACK: UNA REVISIONE SISTEMATICA Abstract The development of media and context within the framework of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) is important in science education. The purpose of the systematic review is to find out the media and context used in the TPACK framework for the development of science learning. Media is related to learning technology such as technology in communication, collaboration, assessment, visualization, and online learning. The use of science learning media in developing TPACK consists of two types, the first using a single type of media and the second using multiple types of learning technology media. The learning context includes micro in the form of classes, meso in the form of schools, and macro in the form of the wider community, as well as the context of teachers and pre-service teachers. The context of science education in TPACK relates to the type of research such as micro-level using mixed research methods, experimental, qualitative, research and development, and macro level usually using survey research. The TPACK framework is an approach to explaining effectiveness, evaluation, and reflection in the use of learning technology.

The Influence of Marketing Activities of Companies on Social Networks on the Purchase Decisions of Students

The study in this paper sought to assess how the company's marketing initiatives influence the purchasing choices of students. By surveying 230 students from the Faculty of Economics in Belgrade and analysing their responses, the researchers evaluated various aspects of the company's marketing strategies and the students' buying behaviour. Descriptive statistics revealed that the variables related to updating content on social media and utilising sponsored advertisements had the most significant impact, along with the variable of making purchasing decisions. The results of the regression and correlation analysis established the existence of statistically significant relationships and the influence of the variables of the company's marketing activity on the variables of students' purchase decisions. Based on the regression model of influence, it was determined that the variables of the company's marketing activities had the greatest impact on the variable of making purchase decisions, with the variables of sponsored ads and updating content on social networks making the greatest individual contribution. A two-component solution was obtained by factor analysis, where the first component gathered all the variables of the company's marketing activities and the purchasing decision variable, while the second component gathered the other variables of the students' purchasing decisions. Between these two components, increasingly high correlation values were found, which only indicates that there is a certain degree of variability between the company's marketing activities and students' purchasing decisions. The research conducted in this study aimed to determine the extent to which social media marketing is beneficial for students in finding products and services they need, as well as how influential it is in their purchasing decisions. It underscores the importance for companies to integrate social media marketing activities and determine the most suitable types of social media marketing strategies.