Types Of Guards Research Articles

COMPETENCY AND RESILIENCY OF SECURITY GUARDS IN CABANATUAN CITY, PHILIPPINES

Resiliency is the talent to do what is right under duress and to rebound to a daily round. The study determined the level of competency, resiliency, and resilience strategies in coping with challenges faced by 259 security guards in Cabanatuan City. The researcher utilized a mixed method was used to gather data. Findings revealed that security guards perceived themselves as very competent. Null hypothesis is accepted on the type of security guards; however, rejected on length of service and shift of duty. The level of resiliency was further perceived as very resilient. Null hypothesis is accepted on the type of security guards and shift of duty; however, rejected on the length of service. Further, a positive correlation between competency and resiliency is evident. Last, coping strategies were identified as; positive response, self-assessment, following rules, confidence, value work, and seeking support. Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn: security guards were equipped with sufficient knowledge, skills, and attitude in performing their duties and responsibilities; security guards were able to perform despite challenges encountered; the more competent the security guards, the more resilient they become; coping strategies vary on challenges encountered. Hence, module of instruction was crafted. KEYWORDS: Security Guard, Competency, Resiliency, Coping Mechanism

Modular Denotational Semantics for Effects with Guarded Interaction Trees

We present guarded interaction trees — a structure and a fully formalized framework for representing higher-order computations with higher-order effects in Coq, inspired by domain theory and the recently proposed interaction trees. We also present an accompanying separation logic for reasoning about guarded interaction trees. To demonstrate that guarded interaction trees provide a convenient domain for interpreting higher-order languages with effects, we define an interpretation of a PCF-like language with effects and show that this interpretation is sound and computationally adequate; we prove the latter using a logical relation defined using the separation logic. Guarded interaction trees also allow us to combine different effects and reason about them modularly. To illustrate this point, we give a modular proof of type soundness of cross-language interactions for safe interoperability of different higher-order languages with different effects. All results in the paper are formalized in Coq using the Iris logic over guarded type theory.

(Invited) Cavitas Biosensors for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Blood Chemicals

More than ten years have passed since various wearable sensors such as wristband sensors have been developed and commercialized, but most of them are for the purpose of measuring physical information such as heart rate. In medical and healthcare science, wearable sensors that measure biological and chemical information from the body are required. Of course, biosensing of interstitial fluid chemicals is possible like Abbott's Libre, but there is a need for non-invasive and unrestrained sensing techniques, and the development of such wearable sensors will expand future market size.We have developed several cavitas biosensors targeting the chemical analytes in the human body cavities. So far, we have developed a soft contact lens-type glucose sensor, enabled continuous measurement of tear glucose, and reported its correlation with blood glucose levels. In addition, we fabricated a mouth guard type sensor with excellent aesthetics incorporating a small potentiostat and a Bluetooth transmitter (total weight: 1 g) and reported that it is possible to monitor oral information with some smart-watches with Bluetooth communication.In addition, we constructed an imaging system that converts blood-derived gas components into bio-moving images and succeeded in producing moving images of percutaneous gases from various skin surfaces. As a result, we found that transcutaneous gas can be stably and highly sensitively measured from the external auditory canal. As a new cavitas biosensor, we also fabricated headset-type gas sensors to monitor not only percutaneous ethanol gas after drinking alcohol, but also acetone gas (a lipid metabolite) from the ear canal, thus indicating the possibility of a new wearable biosensor.In this presentation, I will discuss the above research results and the possibility of future non-invasive wearable biosensors such as cavitas devices. Figure 1

SUNDANESE INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN SINDANG BARANG CULTURAL VILLAGE – BOGOR

The Sindang Barang Cultural Village was formed by the descendants of customary holders who live in Bogor to revitalize Sundanese culture. This is useful for preserving customs so that people can continue to live the Sundanese way (using indigenous knowledge and sticking to local wisdom) even though they live in the modern era. This study aims to identify the Sundanese indigenous knowledge possessed by them. This study uses a qualitative thematic analysis approach to identify it. The results of this study indicate that the themes of indigenous knowledge owned by the society are village landscape, agriculture, natural signs, health, and batik. The village landscape has sub-themes landscape of land and building position. The sub-themes of agriculture are the type of paddy, fertilizer, planting time, magic guard, and granary. Natural signs have the sub-themes of changing days and signs of calamity and disaster. The sub-theme of health is herbs. Batik has a sub-theme of motifs and natural dyes. This study found that some of the indigenous knowledge about herbs and batik had been lost from the people's memory.

Comparison of three canine nose guards for reduction of ultraviolet (UVA and UVB) solar radiation.

Protection from solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is paramount for some dermatological conditions, yet there are no studies assessing UV nose guards for dogs. Compare the ability of three nasal guards to block solar UV radiation (UVR) from the canine nose, using two commercial products and one created by the authors. Four fabric model dogs were used in this prospective controlled trial. Each model had a UV dosimeter applied to the dorsal nose and anterior nasal planum. Three models had nose protectors applied: (1) a mesh hood (OutFox Field Guard, OutFox For Dogs); (2) a fabric nose shield (Nose Protector, Dog Nose Protectors); or (3) a basket muzzle with ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) 50+ fabric developed by the authors. The control had no protective device applied. All the models were placed in direct sunlight and measurements taken over nine 2h time periods. Total cumulative UVR was analysed for each location and type of guard or control. All guards provided statistically significant UV protection compared to control at all time points (p< 0.001). The basket muzzle with UPF 50+ guard was consistent in protecting the dorsal and anterior nose, blocking 94.2% and 94.3% UVR, respectively. The fabric nose protector blocked 99.2% UVR from the dorsal and 82.9% anterior. The mesh hood blocked 72.5% of UVR dorsal and 71.4% anterior. Two guards were superior in blocking UVR; however, the choice of UV guard in a clinical setting depends on an individual's disease location and tolerance of the device.

Relative Effectiveness of Four Different Guards In Preventing Beaver Cutting of Urban Trees

Beavers are expanding into cities as they recolonize their historic range. While they increase the ecological functioning of urban green areas, human-beaver conflicts occur. Public support to deal with conflicts has shifted from population to forage control. Tree guards are becoming popular with management personnel in North America and Europe to reduce damage to valuable trees. The problem is that this management technique has not been studied. We inventoried the tree guard types in use in natural and manicured river parks in the City of Saskatoon, Canada, determined their adherence to an installation protocol by measuring guard dimensions, and assessed the relative effectiveness of guards in protecting trees from beaver cutting. The inventory revealed that four types of tree guards are in use, ranging from light gauge chicken wire to heavy gauge chain link fencing. Overall, 11% of the trees with guards that we inventoried were cut by beavers, but variation among guard types was observed. Less than 10% of trees with type i and ii guards were beaver cut whereas 17% of trees with types iii and iv guards were beaver cut. Fewer trees were cut when there was adherence to installation protocol, regardless of guard type. Cut trees with guard types i, iii and iv experienced both minor and major damage whereas cut trees with guard type ii experienced only minor damage. The study results have implications for developing effectiveness and implementation monitoring plans for tree guards as part of an overall beaver management plan.

(Invited) Cavitas Sensors: Non-Invasive Bio/Chemical Sensing in Human Body Cavities for Medical and Healthcare

Introduction A non-invasive monitoring is important not only for medical inspection in hospitals but also healthcare management in daily life. For 30 years, we have developed several types of detachable sensors into human cavitas sites (conjunctiva, pharyngeal, oral cavity, etc.) with biocompatible materials and harmless device-techniques (Fig. 1). “Cavitas sensors” attached to body cavities such as a contact lens type and a mouthguard (“no implantable”, “no wearable”) are attracted attention for preventive medicine [1]. In this contribution, the cavitas sensors (soft contact-lens [SCL] and mouthguard [MG] biosensors) in human body cavities will be introduced as novel non-invasive biosensing devices. Soft contact lens type glucose sensor The soft contact lens type biosensor was designed for continuous glucose monitoring in tear fluids (Fig. 2) [2]. Biocom-patible poly(MPC-co-PMEH) (PMEH) (Fig. 3) [3,4] and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) were employed as the biosensor material. The biosensor consists of a flexible Pt working electrode and an Ag/AgCl reference/counter electrode, which were formed by micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technique. Glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized on the sensitive area by entrapping with PMEH polymer. The contact lens biosensor showed a good relationship between the output current and glucose concentration in a range of 0.03–5.0 mM, covering the reported tear glucose concentrations in normal and diabetic patients. Also, the biosensor was applied to a rabbit for the purpose of tear glucose monitoring. The basal tear glucose was estimated to 0.14 mM. Also, the change of tear glucose induced by the change of blood sugar level was assessed by the oral glucose tolerance test. As a result, tear glucose level increased with a delay of few min from blood sugar level (Fig. 4). The result showed that the contact lens biosensor is expected to provide further detailed information about the relationship between dynamics of blood glucose and tear glucose. Invisible Mouth guard type sensors with BLE transmitter The telemetric mouthguard-biosensor was developed with dental materials integrated with Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wireless module for measurement of saliva glucose [5]. The electrodes were formed on the thinner mouthguard surface which made of a polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) using the same method as the contact lens one (Fig. 5). The BLE module, small potentiostat and battery were mounted and heat-sealed between upper and lower mouth guards. In the investigation of in-vitro characterization, the transparent biosensor showed excellent relationship between the output current and the glucose concentration (Fig. 6). In artificial saliva consisting of salts and proteins, the glucose sensor exhibits high-sensitive detection in a range of 5-1000 µmol/L including glucose concentration of human saliva. We demonstrated the capability of the sensor and wireless communication module to characterize an inclusion in oral phantom that imitative structure of human oral cavity. Stable and long-term monitoring (more than 1 day) using telemetry system was established. Monitoring of real-time changes of glucose concentration in artificial saliva with evaluation system of phantom jaw was demonstrated. The mouthguard device would be useful not only for monitoring of the oral chemical and physical information but also for unconstrained controlling of external device and system [6]. Future potential of cavitas sensors The self-detachable cavitas sensors are expected to allow the non-invasive bio/chemical monitoring, thus improving quality of life in view of the aging of society in near future.

Chitosan Pesticides for Control Aphids (Aphis craccivora) on High Population in Long Bean (Vigna sesquipedalis) Cultivation

Pesticides with chitosan as an alternative are still relevant for aphids which are important pesticides in vegetable crops. This research was conducted to see the effect of several types of pesticides with chitosan active ingredients, the concentration of pesticides, and interactions between types of pesticides and concentrations of aphids on long bean plants. The study used factorial methods with randomized block designs. The first factor was the type of pesticide made from chitosan, which consisted of control (JO), pure chitosan (Jl), soft guard (J2), super biovit (13). The second factor was the concentration of pesticides that consisted of 0.1% (Kl), 0.3% (K2), and 1% (K3). There were 48 experimental units consisting of 12 treatment combinations and 4 replications. Data were analysed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA), and comparison between averages using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed the effect of the treatment was single or there was no interaction between the types of pesticides made from chitosan with an active concentration in all parameters of observation. Furthermore, the effect of the type of pesticide with active chitosan was significantly different only on the average aphid population I and 3 days after the first application. Whereas pesticides made from active chitosan soft guard type tended to control the aphid population higher than other types of pesticides, then the effect of pesticide concentration was not significantly different from all parameters. However, the concentration of 1% indicated to inhibit the population of aphids higher than other concentrations. The high early aphid population, the behaviour of aphid colonies, the application method, and the nature of the active ingredient of chitosan were thought to be factors that reduce the ability of pesticides to control aphids on long bean plants.

Developing flexibility for combat sports athletes

The range of motion of a joint is extremely important in combat sports, especially when there is a need to execute a certain motor gesture with maximum range of movement, as in throwing techniques such as uchi-mata in judo, certain types of guards in Brazilian jiu-jitsu or the high kicks common in a variety of striking combat sports. Therefore, in this chapter, we will discuss the elements related to flexibility response during training sessions or combat sports competitions, flexibility tests commonly used for these athletes, and the monitoring and control of the evolution of flexibility in athletes. We will also present the means and methods used for the development of flexibility and longitudinal studies on the development of flexibility in combat sports athletes. Finally, this chapter supports based on the evidence the inclusion of flexibility development within training sessions is an important consideration to maximize performance and other physical capabilities that may be affected both acutely or in the long-term by flexibility.

(Invited) Cavitas Sensors: Non-Invasive Bio/Chemical Sensing in Human Body Cavities for Medical and Healthcare

Introduction A non-invasive monitoring is important not only for medical inspection in hospitals but also healthcare management in daily life. For 30 years, we have developed several types of detachable sensors into human cavitas sites (conjunctiva, pharyngeal, oral cavity, etc.) with biocompatible materials and harmless device-techniques (Fig. 1). “Cavitas sensors” attached to body cavities such as a contact lens type and a mouthguard (“no implantable”, “no wearable”) are attracted attention for preventive medicine [1]. In this contribution, the cavitas sensors (soft contact-lens [SCL] and mouthguard [MG] biosensors) in human body cavities will be introduced as novel non-invasive biosensing devices. Soft contact lens type glucose sensor The soft contact lens type biosensor was designed for continuous glucose monitoring in tear fluids (Fig. 2) [2]. Biocom-patible poly(MPC-co-PMEH) (PMEH) (Fig. 3) [3,4] and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) were employed as the biosensor material. The biosensor consists of a flexible Pt working electrode and an Ag/AgCl reference/counter electrode, which were formed by micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technique. Glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized on the sensitive area by entrapping with PMEH polymer. The contact lens biosensor showed a good relationship between the output current and glucose concentration in a range of 0.03–5.0 mM, covering the reported tear glucose concentrations in normal and diabetic patients. Also, the biosensor was applied to a rabbit for the purpose of tear glucose monitoring. The basal tear glucose was estimated to 0.14 mM. Also, the change of tear glucose induced by the change of blood sugar level was assessed by the oral glucose tolerance test. As a result, tear glucose level increased with a delay of few min from blood sugar level (Fig. 4). The result showed that the contact lens biosensor is expected to provide further detailed information about the relationship between dynamics of blood glucose and tear glucose. Invisible mouth guard type sensors with BLE transmitter The telemetric mouthguard-biosensor was developed with dental materials integrated with Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wireless module for measurement of saliva glucose [5]. The electrodes were formed on the thinner mouthguard surface which made of a polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) using the same method as the contact lens one (Fig. 5). The BLE module, small potentiostat and battery were mounted and heat-sealed between upper and lower mouth guards. In the investigation of in-vitro characterization, the transparent biosensor showed excellent relationship between the output current and the glucose concentration (Fig. 6). In artificial saliva consisting of salts and proteins, the glucose sensor exhibits high-sensitive detection in a range of 5-1000 µmol/L including glucose concentration of human saliva. We demonstrated the capability of the sensor and wireless communication module to characterize an inclusion in oral phantom that imitative structure of human oral cavity. Stable and long-term monitoring (more than 1 day) using telemetry system was established. Monitoring of real-time changes of glucose concentration in artificial saliva with evaluation system of phantom jaw was demonstrated. The mouthguard device would be useful not only for monitoring of the oral chemical and physical information but also for unconstrained controlling of external device and system [6]. Future potential of cavitas sensors The self-detachable cavitas sensors are expected to allow the non-invasive bio/chemical monitoring, thus improving quality of life in view of the aging of society in near future.

해양경찰 이미지 재정립을 위한 복제 디자인 개발

The current Korean coast guard uniform has been recognized as an old duty uniform since it has not been improved in terms of design and materials for over 10 years. There has not only been an opinion that it lacks consideration for the various service environments in the oceans, but it has also been pointed out that its performance is insufficient compared to other institutions. In order for the Korean coast guard, which was relaunched in 2017, to stand as a coast security institution known for empathizing with the people, image improvement is required. Accordingly, this study aims to develop user-centered uniforms appropriate to the working type and job characteristics of the Korean coast guard. In doing so, the Korean coast guard’s image can be refreshed, become friendlier, and inspire a sense of unity and self-respect. This study was preceded by research on uniforms of other major institutions both domestically and abroad. Opinions of the current coast guard were gathered through preference research and problems were analyzed so directions for improvement could be achieved. With the aim of external image improvement, internal satisfaction improvement, uniform functionality improvement, design quality improvement, and also by reflecting Korean cultural sensitivities simultaneously, developing a uniform design that adheres to global sensibilities will improve the Korean coast guard’s image. It is expected that the improved uniform will internally meet the demand of wearers and indicate the Korean coast guard

DeepIon: Deep learning approach for classifying ion transporters and ion channels from membrane proteins.

The movement of ions across the cell membrane is an essential for many biological processes. This study is focused on ion channels and ion transporters (pumps) as types of border guards control the incessant traffic of ions across cell membranes. Ion channels and ion transporters function to regulate membrane potential and electrical signaling and play important roles in cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation. In their behaviors, it is found that ion channels differ significantly from ion transporters. Therefore, a method for automatically classifying ion transporters and ion channels from membrane proteins is proposed by training deep neural networks and using the position-specific scoring matrix profile as an input. The key of novelty is the three-stage approach, in which five techniques for data normalization are used; next three imbalanced data techniques are applied to the minority classes and then, six classifiers are compared with the proposed method. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Do Gutter Guards Affect Mosquito Production in Roof Gutter Habitats?

Roof gutters on houses that have become inundated with leaf litter and cannot drain properly are an often-overlooked man-made container habitat that is suitable for mosquito larval development. In order to reduce the amount of leaf litter debris in gutters, many homeowners install debris screens, commonly referred to as "gutter guards," on their roof gutters, but no study has examined the effect of gutter guards on mosquito production. The objective of this research was to determine the extent to which different types of gutter guards affect mosquito colonization and abundance of juvenile mosquitoes in gutter habitats. Three experimental gutters, each with 1 of 3 treatments (control with no gutter guard, a metal lock-in mesh screen gutter guard, or a foam filter gutter insert), were placed at 5 field locations to monitor mosquito colonization and production over 8 wk. Pupae were collected daily, and eclosed adults were identified to species. Mosquitoes colonized and larvae developed in all gutters regardless of the presence of a guard, although those with the foam filter guards were least likely to be colonized (P < 0.001). Once colonized, the control gutters without a gutter guard had the lowest mosquito abundance (P < 0.001), and the metal lock-in gutters had the highest abundance (P < 0.001). The results suggest that if standing water exists in a gutter, gutter guards are not an effective tool for mosquito control.

(Auto) representaciones en internet de los guardias de seguridad privada peruanos en Irak

This article analyzes the self-representations in social media of a group of Peruvian workers hired as Private Security Guards in Iraq (2005-2012), as well as their different identifications referring to the hypermedia narratives of the Internet, about the globalized culture and regulated by the military workforce of transnational companies. In addition to the strong nationalist roots consistent with the authoritarian and classist tradition of Peruvian society and the realization of their manhood, these identities manifest an autographic and epic presence of seasonal migration experiences through their videos and interactive environments. As well as strengthening the social construct embodied by the mercenary, this this type of guard is a sign of contemporary civility that helps regulate the system. Its legal and supposedly neutral status collides with an empirical position of combatant giving way to a critical social role. In this, the paradox of a prototype of a subject adapted to the market economy would be possible thanks to a war and the strengthening of masculinity patterns specific to the local context.

Differences in tree and shrub establishment due to tree guard type in a temperate upland pasture

SummarySuccess of establishing native trees in cool temperate environments depends on the ability of seedlings to withstand subzero temperatures and recurrent frosts. This study compared the survival and growth of five tree and shrub species with two guard types at three landscape positions in an upland pasture. Seedlings were planted between December 2013 and March 2014. Half of the seedlings were planted in tall Corflute® guards (60 cm high), and the remaining seedlings were interplanted in milk cartons (30 cm). Seedling survival and height were measured in November 2014. Hourly temperature readings were recorded between March and November 2014. Seedling height for all species was greater in tall guards than milk cartons at all landscape positions, possibly at least partly due to etiolation. However, seedlings in tall guards survived better than seedlings in milk cartons at mid‐ and upper‐slope positions. Higher temperatures may have benefited seedling performance by prolonging the growing season as average maximum temperature was significantly higher inside tall guards than milk cartons and ambient conditions at all landscape positions. Average daily temperature was significantly higher in tall guards compared to milk cartons and ambient conditions at the upper‐slope site only. There were no significant differences in average minimum temperature between guard types at all landscape positions.

Preliminary assessment on exposure of four typical populations to potentially toxic metals by means of skin wipes under the influence of haze pollution

To investigate the exposure risk of human beings to nine potentially toxic metals (PTMs), namely, Cu, Cr, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, and Co, skin wipe samples were collected from four types of populations, namely, children, undergraduates, security guards, and professional drivers, under different haze pollution levels in Xinxiang, China by using Ghost wipes. The Ghost wipes were quantitatively analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave digestion. Generally, Zn (ND-1350μg/m2 for undergraduates, ND-2660μg/m2 for security guards, ND-2460μg/m2 for children, and ND-2530μg/m2 for professional drivers) showed the highest concentration among the four populations, followed by Cu (0.02–83.4μg/m2 for undergraduates, ND-70.2μg/m2 for security guards, 23.2–487μg/m2 for children, and ND-116μg/m2 for professional drivers). As (ND-5.7μg/m2 for undergraduates, ND-2.3μg/m2 for security guards, ND-21.1μg/m2 for children, and ND-11.0μg/m2 for professional drivers) and Co (ND-6.0μg/m2 for undergraduates, ND-7.9μg/m2 for security guards, ND-13.4μg/m2 for children, and ND-2.1μg/m2 for professional drivers) showed the lowest concentrations in all populations. Remarkable differences were found among the four populations and PTM levels decreased in the following order: children, professional drivers, security guards, and undergraduates. Gender variation was discovered for undergraduates and children. Generally, PTM contamination in skin wipes collected during a light haze pollution level was generally higher than that during a heavy haze pollution level, but PTM contamination was comparable between the two haze pollution levels for children. Non-carcinogenic exposure risks to As, Cd, and Pb for all populations were higher than those for the other six elements but all of them were within the acceptable safety threshold, indicating no apparent non-carcinogenic risk.

Predator guards on nest boxes improve nesting success of birds

ABSTRACTHumans have long provided nest boxes in a widespread and popular effort to augment nesting sites for cavity‐nesting birds. Nest boxes, however, may provide easy access for predators and thereby create ecological traps for nesting birds. Predator exclusion techniques are often deployed at nest boxes to reduce nest predation, but few studies have tested their performance. For the first time, we test the effectiveness of predator guards in promoting the nesting success of multiple species of birds at a large spatial scale (United States and Canada). We used nest fate data from 24,114 nest records submitted from 2014 to 2016 to NestWatch, a citizen‐science program focused on quantifying nesting success, to determine whether installing predator guards on nest boxes is an effective management technique. Across all species, top models predicting daily nest survival rates suggest a positive influence of predator guards, with a nearly 7% increase in nest success for attempts in boxes with guards versus attempts in boxes without guards. At the species level, nest survival was greater for individuals nesting in boxes with guards in 7 of 9 species, with no effect in the remaining 2 species. Although all types of guards were correlated with improved nesting success, birds nesting in boxes with cone‐type baffles, stovepipe baffles, or entrance hole extenders were most likely to result in successful nesting. Further, birds nesting in boxes with multiple predator guards were more successful, on average, than birds nesting in boxes with only a single guard. Our results can help managers of cavity‐nesting birds incorporate science‐based evidence into decision‐making and allocate resources more effectively. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.

Fixed Enclosure Guards and the Safety of Horizontal Screw Conveyors

One cannot overstate the value and ever growing importance of the screw conveyor and one cannot overemphasize the intrinsic danger associated with this classic monster. This danger can be controlled using fixed enclosure guards that are not only compatible with the function of screw conveyors but are anecdotally acknowledged to be the most desirable type of guard. Nevertheless, the speciality conveyor standards promulgate dangerous guarding systems with features two levels below the fixed barrier guard. This paper revisits the system of conveyor safety standards to rout out equivocal notions, expose shortcomings, and generally demonstrate that a foolish inconsistency is not the hobgoblin of small minds. Finally, this paper challenges the notion that a fixed enclosure guard is an elementary concept whose parameters are settled; e.g. a machine inside of a welded steel box. The definition of fixity and the duality of operation and maintenance are both explored.

Model Checking Paxos in Spin

We present a formal model of a distributed consensus algorithm in the executable specification language Promela extended with a new type of guards, called counting guards, needed to implement transitions that depend on majority voting. Our formalization exploits abstractions that follow from reduction theorems applied to the specific case-study. We apply the model checker Spin to automatically validate finite instances of the model and to extract preconditions on the size of quorums used in the election phases of the protocol.

Study on the Influence of Modularization on Warship General Design

The versatility of ship is reflected in the modularization design. On the basis of summarizing the module and modular theory, the modularization design concept is applied to the design procedure of ships. This paper studied the impact of modularization on the ship general design, proposed an idea of functional areas. According to the different tasks, the light ship can be divided into three types: civilian type, guard type and military type.