Types Of Fasteners Research Articles

Wind Uplift Strength Capacity Variation in Roof-to-Wall Connections of Timber-Framed Houses

AbstractThe roof-to-wall connection in a house is designed to transfer the uplift and lateral loads during strong winds by providing a continuous load path from the roof to the foundation. The uplift capacity and failure mode of the connection depends on the number and type of fasteners (nails), timber species, type of framing anchor, and constructions defects. This paper presents experimental results that were used to assess the uplift capacity variation of typical roof-to-wall connections. Based on tests with two types of connections (triple grip and truss grip) assembled with two types of timber (radiata pine and spruce pine), nails (hand and gun), and framing anchors (triple grip and universal triple grip), the results show that the variation in timber species, nail, and triple grip type changes the strength and the failure modes of the connection. The strength of the connection was reduced by about 24% when the timber species was changed from radiata pine to spruce pine and the hand nail to gun nail ...

Study on rail corrugation of a metro tangential track with Cologne-egg type fasteners

ABSTRACTIn Chinese metro lines, rail corrugation on both tangential and tight curved tracks with Cologne-egg type fasteners is very severe. Based on the viewpoint of friction-induced vibration causing rail corrugation, the rail corrugation on a tangential track with Cologne-egg type fasteners is studied in this paper. A vibration model of an elastic multiple-wheelset-track system with Cologne-egg type fasteners is established. Both the complex eigenvalue analysis and the transient dynamic analysis are performed to study the stability and the dynamic performance of the wheelset-track system. The simulation results show that a low rail support stiffness value is responsible for rail corrugation on the tangential track. When the Cologne-egg fasteners characterised by a lower stiffness value are replaced with the DTVI2 fasteners characterised by a higher stiffness value, rail corrugation disappears. However, rail corrugation on tight curved tracks cannot be suppressed using the same replacement. The above conclusions are consistent with the corrugation occurrences in actual metro tracks.

Uniqueness theorem for Inverse Sturm–Liouville Problem with Nonseparated Boundary Conditions

Consider the string, which vibrates in a medium with the variable elasticity coefficient q(x). Interesting to follow the inverse problem: is it possible to determine the variable elasticity coefficient q(x) by the natural frequencies of string vibrations. In 1946, G. Borg has been shown that a spectrum of frequencies is not sufficient to uniquely identify the medium elasticity coefficient q(x). He offered the use of two frequency spectrum to uniquely identify of the medium elasticity coefficient q(x). The second frequency spectrum is obtained by fastening the string to change at one of its ends to the other fastening. It was shown that these two frequency spectra already sufficient to uniquely identify q(x) and the boundary conditions of both problems. The case where the string fastening at one end depends on the other end fastening, is more difficult to solve. The boundary conditions, appropriate for the occasion, called nonseparated. Two spectra (of two boundary value problems) to restore both q(x), and the nonseparated boundary conditions are not enough. In modern studies the spectra of the two eigenvalues boundary problems and an infinite sequence of signs is generally used for an uniqueness recovery. While this approach is useful in theoretical mathematics, it is inconvenient for the mechanics, because not clear the physical meaning of the corresponding sequence of signs. In this article, instead of the two spectra and the sequence of signs as the spectral data are offered to use 7 of the eigenvalues of the initial boundary value problem, the spectrum, and the so-called norming constants of other boundary value problem. The physical sense of these data is quite clear. The first 7 eigenvalues of an initial boundary problem mean the first 7 natural frequencies of string vibrations. Norming constants represent norms from eigenfunctions. The spectrum and norming constants express a so-called spectral function. The spectral function gives a frequency spectrum with columns of vibrations amplitudes characteristics for string vibrations with other types of fastening.

Dynamic Design of Thick Orthotropic Cantilever Plates with Consideration of Bimoments

The paper is devoted to dynamic design of thick orthotropic cantilever plates by applying the bimoment theory of plates, which takes into account the forces, moments and bimoments; and the theory takes into account nonlinear law of displacements distribution in cross section of the plate. The methods for constructing bimoment theory are based on Hooke’s Law, three-dimensional equations of the theory of dynamic elasticity and the method of displacements expansion into Maclaurin series. The article gives the expressions to determine the forces, moments and bimoments. Bimoment theory of plates is described by two unrelated two-dimensional systems with nine equations in each. On each edge of the plate, depending on the type of fastening, nine boundary conditions are given. As an example, the solution of the problem of dynamic bending of thick isotropic and orthotropic plate under the influence of transverse dynamic loads in the form of the Heaviside function is given. The equations of motion of the plate are solved by numerical method of finite differences. The numerical results are obtained for isotropic and orthotropic plate. The graphs of changes of displacements and stresses of faces surfaces of the plate are presented. Maximum values of these displacements are found and analyzed. It is shown that by Timoshenko theory numerical values of stresses are much smaller compared to the ones obtained by bimoment theory of plates. Maximum numerical values of generalized displacements, forces, moments, and bimoments are obtained and presented in tabular form. The analysis of numerical results is done and the conclusions are drawn.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF HORIZONTAL LATERAL STIFFNESS OF RAILS UNDER DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF RAIL FASTENERS

Purpose. Calculation of a railway track on the strength is one of the sections of the overall complex research problems of interaction track and rolling stock. This paper describes the experimental study of horizontal transverse stiffness of railway rails with various strands of rail fasteners. Materials of this article should be relevant and will make it possible to calculate the strength of railway track using the correct and corrected performance of horizontal transverse stiffness of rail threads. Methodology. Determination of horizontal transverse rigidity of rail yarns with different designs of rail fasteners was conducted by measuring the quantities of transverse displacement of rails calculation points – namely the head and sole. For research the specialist equipment was created, made up of lineside jack DC-20, equipped with a hydraulic pressure gauge to measure pressure and rigid rod for horizontal rail stop in the thread, the opposite of the jack. Lateral movement of the head and sole of the track were recorded, and measured with indicators of clock type within a few hundredths of a millimeter. The horizontal lateral load on the rail jack was created by the injection pressure in the cylinder which was fixed with manometer into the jack. Load of rails was conducted over 2 tons of degrees ranging from 0 to 8 tons. To obtain reliable measurement results of lateral movement of the head and the base rails, its movement was conducted for each type fasteners not less than in 3 sections. Measurements were carried out without the creation of vertical load. Findings. With the developed method was found transverse displacement magnitude of rails calculation points at different designs of rail fasteners. Originality. The experimental studies were first found the mentioned horizontal transverse stiffness of rail threads in the head and sole of modern designs for different rail fasteners. Practical value. The values of horizontal transverse stiffness of rail threads in the head and sole of modern designs for different rail fasteners that were found by the author make it possible to calculate the strength of railway track using correct and corrected values of these characteristics.

New design approach for controlling brittle failure modes of small-dowel-type connections in Cross-laminated Timber (CLT)

The introduction of Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) as an engineered timber product has played a significant role in considerable progress of timber construction in recent years. Extensive research has been conducted in Europe and more recently in Canada to evaluate the fastening capacity of different types of fasteners in CLT. While ductile capacities calculated using the yield limit equations are quite reliable for fastener resistance in connections, however, they do not take into account the possible brittle failure mode of the connection which could be the governing failure mode in multi-fastener joints. Therefore, a stiffness-based design approach which has already been developed by the authors and verified in LVL, glulam and lumber has been adapted to determine the block-tear out resistance of connections in CLT by considering the effect of perpendicular layers. The comparison between the test results on riveted connections conducted at the University of Auckland (UoA) and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the predictions using the new model and the one developed for uniformly layered timber products show that the proposed model provides higher predictive accuracy and can be used as a design provision to control the brittle failure of wood in CLT connections.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT FOR SIDETRACKING AND DRILLING SIDETRACKS

Making the maximum possible size of the window to exit from the production tubing allows to drill a sidetrack in a given direction of shortest distance to the object of operation, the maximum possible diametrical size of the layout, which runs through the main wellbore of best profile that the minimum cost of drilling ensure the required quality of work and efficiency of their operation. Also, consider the advantages and disadvantages of the main ones used in the implementation of the two ways out of the production casing: the removal of part of the production string Cutting Devices and cutting out slot-like window in the casing wall with the help of the whipstock and milling arrangement [1]. Along with the successes, there are several issues that have not been solved so far, such as the exclusion of cement technologies used to set the whipstock mechanical type of fastening, reliable over-fixation whipstock in the well, reducing the time cutting process window the wall of the production string and kickoff BS, as well as reducing the total time of the installation of the whipstock and the subsequent cutting process window. In these conditions special value and relevance is research aimed at developing new equipment, allowing to carry out drilling and sidetracking technology BS at a higher technical level with minimal cost of time and money, reliability, corresponding to modern requirements. Construction sidetracks from actual wells and their operation is not possible without the use of complex special equipment . To perform the process step of cutting the casing wall and kickoff BS developed many technical devices.

궤도-교량 상호작용 해석에 의한 슬라이딩 슬래브 궤도의 장대레일 응력 저감 효과 분석

Continuous welded rail on bridge structure experiences typically a large amount of additional longitudinal axial forces due to longitudinal track-bridge interaction under temperature and traction/braking load effect. In order to reduce the additional axial forces, special type of fastener, such as ZLR and RLR or rail expansion joint should be applied. Sliding slab track system is known to reduce the effect of track-bridge interaction by the application of a sliding layer between slab track and bridge structure. This study presents track-bridge interaction analysis results of the sliding slab track and compares them with conventional fixed slab track on bridges. The result shows that the sliding slab track can significantly reduce the additional axil forces of the continuously welded rail, and the difference is more significant for long and continuous span bridge.

ELASTIC DEFORMATIONS IMPACT IN ELEMENTS OF THE RAIL FASTENING, TYPE КПП-5 ON A SIZE OF PRESSING FORCE OF THE RAIL TO THE SUBRAIL BASIS

Purpose. The railway transport is one of the most important links in economy of Ukraine, and it is a basis of its transport system. As the majority of freight transportation of coal and metallurgical industry is conducted by railway transport, its effective use is a necessary condition of stabilization and development in economy of Ukraine. One of the strategic works connected with implementation of high-speed train service in Ukraine is the reliable work ensuring of connection of intermediate rail fastening during operation. For engineering works, according to the contents and repair of fastenings the considerable share of labor expenses during operation of a way is necessary. One of domestic intermediate fastenings which after long operational supervision has implemented into continuous operation is the fastening, type КПП-5. This fastening is a prototype of the Polish rail fastening type SB-3. After the long operation in fastenings, type KПП-5, a number of the shortcomings connected with premature refusal of its elements was revealed. This in generally is connected with intensive reduction of size of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis. Therefore the purpose is the development of a technique and practical control devices concerning a condition of work of a rail fastening knot, type KПП-5 at operation. Methodology. The assessment of various factors impact at a size of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis in the knot of a rail fastening, type KПП-5 at operation is the foundation of the research method. Findings. By means of the developed technique and practical control devices it was established: the general reduction of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis during one mill. tons gross., taking into account influence of various factors, may constitute kN. Originality. Accordingly to the obtained results the author firstly described and expressed by empirical dependence the process of change of pressing force of a rail to a subrail basis in a fastening, type KПП-5 after the admission of T, one mill. tons gross. Practical value. The device design is developed for control of elastic properties and a numerical assessment of pressing force decrease of the terminal to a rail depending on the passed tonnage.

Bending Moment Capacity of L-Shaped Mitered Frame Joints Constructed of MDF and Particleboard

The impact of fastener type (glued and unglued butterfly dovetail keys, glued and unglued H-shaped dovetail keys, one-pin dowel, two-pin dowels, and plywood spline) and wood composite material type on the bending moment capacity of L-shaped mitered frame joints under diagonal tension and compression loads was investigated. Specimens were constructed of laminated medium-density fiberboard (LamMDF) and laminated particleboard (LamPB). The glued joint specimens were constructed with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive. In both tests, joints reinforced with two dowels had the highest bending moment capacity, whereas unglued joints fastened with H-shaped dovetail keys had the lowest capacity. Splined joints were characterized by the second highest bending moment capacity. Two-pin dowel joints had, on average, 47% greater capacity than one-pin dowel joints. The glued dovetail joints were 31% stronger than the unglued joints. There was no statistically significant difference between the bending moment capacities of butterfly and H-shaped dovetail keys. The LamMDF joints exhibited 7.8% greater capacity than joints constructed of LamPB. Overall, the bending moment capacity of joints loaded in compression was 22% higher than that of joints loaded in tension—when the moment arm in the compression specimens was taken at the inside corner of the joint.

모바일 기기용 초소형 나사의 냉간 단조 공정 설계

Abstract A screw is a type of fastener characterized by a helical ridge known as thread. The demands for screws with the miniaturization and weight reduction are increasing for the trend of small size of mobile devices. The successful designs of mold and process are very important to obtain screws with good mechanical properties and highprecision. In this study, the design of cold forging process of micro screw was carried out by using finite elementmethod. In particular, in order to investigate the effects of die geometries and friction, design of experiment methodwas adopted and it was revealed that the friction was the dominant factor of folding defects. From these results, the design of die was modified and experiments were carried out with the modified die. From the experimental results,it was found that the folding defects disappeared. Key Words : Cold Forging, Die Design, Finite Element Method, Micro Screw 본 논문은 2014년도 정부의 재원으로 한국산업단지공단의 산업집적지경쟁력강화사업의 지원을 받아 수행되었음. * Corresponding Author : Du-Soon Choi(Korea National University of Transportation) Tel: +82-43-841-5128 email: dschoi@ut.ac.krReceived April 30 2015Accepted June 11, 2015Revised June 2, 2015Published June 30, 2015

Reinforcement of dowel type connections

A good design of dowel type fastener connections is essential to ensure safe designs for the whole structure and cost effective solutions. With reinforced connections, engineers can achieve better capacity of the connection and safer designs by increasing the ductility of the connection (so-called “capacity design” with a ductile connection to be the weak point). This paper presents an overview of the reinforcement of dowel type connections. Most of the failures encountered in dowel type connections occur because of an excess of shear stresses or tensile stresses perpendicular to the grain in the connection area. Because of the large amount of situations and reinforcement techniques, this report mainly focuses on the reinforcement of dowel-type connections when the dowels are mainly loaded parallel to the grain. For such connections, modes of failure of un-reinforced and reinforced connections, updated design models and the effect of the reinforcement on the ductility of the connection will be presented. Among the various types of reinforcement techniques available, nowadays, self-tapping screws have found a wide field of application and they will be the main focus of this report.

Bolted Sleeve Joints for Connecting Pultruded FRP Tubular Components

AbstractThis paper investigates bolted sleeve joints for connecting tubular pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sections in tubular structures such as space frames. In the proposed joint, FRP profile and steel connector are telescoped and then clamped by mechanical bolts. Four batches of specimens were prepared and tested under static axial loading (tension and compression). Design parameters, namely the type of fastener (ordinary bolt or blind bolt), member size, and bolt group layout, were selected and examined. During experiments, failure modes, load-displacement and load-strain relationships were recorded to evaluate the joint performance. A staggered pattern within a bolted sleeve joint had a negligible effect on the load distribution compared with a nonstaggered pattern. The study showed that the joint capacity could be optimized effectively by adjusting the joint geometry. When blind bolts are used, a compromise between ease of cavity fixing and joint performance must be noted. Finally, a simp...

INVESTIGATION OF STRESS STATE IN THE ELEMENTS OF RAIL FASTENINGS, TYPE KPP-5 UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ROLLING STOCK

Purpose. To date, there is a tendency for the implementation of high-speed trains on the territory of the Ukrainian Railways, which requires increasing the strength and stability of the construction of the railway track. At the same time requirements for intermediate rail fastening have increased and widened. It is on trackwork and repair of the rail fastening labor costs during the operation are from 10 to 18%. One of the main types of fastening, which after long operational observations was included in the permanent operation (5 th. km.) is an intermediate fastening, type КПП-5. Data from previous theoretical studies reliably prevented clear science-based answers and results of the rail fastening. Therefore, the aim is to develop a methodology and rationale for the theoretical research work of rail fastening, type КПП-5 with a detailed assessment of the appearance of stress state places in its elements from the effects of rolling stock. Methodology. The basis of study methods of theoretical research work of the intermediate rail fastening, type КПП-5 (with a detailed assessment of the state of stress in its intermediate elements from the effects of the rolling stock) is the theory of finite elements method (FEM). Findings. Using the FEM it was found that one of the main elements of the intermediate rail fastening, which first perceives share of the value of the lateral force transmitted from the effects of rolling stock are elastic type terminals, type КП-5. Analyzing the data set, the bars in the terminal voltages at the inner side of the rail thread 53,1-56% are greater than the stresses on the outside of rail thread. Originality. A mathematical model of railway track with intermediate rail fastening, type КПП-5 under the action of rolling stock for the study of the stress state in the elements of fastening was developed. This mathematical model let take into account the physical and mechanical properties of the test elements and geometrical fixing fastenings as constructive and operational characteristics of the entire rail fastening in general. Practical value. The obtained results in this work of FE simulations allow reflecting and exploring the most likely places of the stress state appearance in the elements of the fastening, type КПП-5, in which damages and defects can be in the future. This in general will affect the operation stability of the railway track as a whole.

Performance of T-Stub to CFT Joints Using Blind Bolts with Headed Anchors

This paper assesses the performance of a newly developed blind bolt, intended for use in constructing bolted moment-resisting connections to concrete-filled tubular steel profiles. A total of ten connection tests are reported, with each configuration having been subjected to a predominantly tensile force in a representation of the tension region of a typical moment connection. The test variables included type of fastener, addition of concrete to the tube, strength of the concrete, spacing among bolts, and bolt class. On the basis of deformability response, the benefits of filling the tubular member with concrete are highlighted. The favorable performance that results from using a relatively, high-grade concrete infill is also highlighted. The addition of a concrete infill to the tube stiffens and strengthens the otherwise relatively flexible tube walls, enhancing overall connection behavior in terms of stiffness, strength, and ductility. The performance of connections to concrete-filled tubular steel profiles using blind bolts with headed anchors is shown to be suitable for moment-resisting construction.

Analysis Model for Approximate Evaluation of Stiffness for Semi-Rigid Connection of Wooden Structures

현대 목조 구조물은 일반적으로 접합철물인 연결재를 이용하여 접합된다. 그리고 목조 구조물에서 다수의 연결재를 사용한 접합부는 반강접 접합부를 만든다. 목조 구조물에 접합부가 핀접합으로 설계될 경우에 접합부를 통해 전달되는 하중이 과소 평가되고 이것은 접합부의 저항능력 부족을 초래한다. 목조 구조물의 접합부를 완전 강접합으로 고려할 경우에 접합에 필요한 접합철물의 양이 과도하게 증가 할 수 있다. 이것은 미적인 요소 뿐만 아니라 시공성과 경제성을 저하시킨다. 접합부의 합리적인 강성에 대한 추정은 목조 구조물의 합리적인 접합부의 설계에 필수적인 요소이다. 이 논문은 목조 구조물의 구조설계를 쉽게 수행할 수 있도록 도움을 주기 위하여 2면 전단접합에 대하여 구조설계에서 널리 이용되는 상용 프로그램을 사용하여 접합부의 근사적인 강성을 나타낼 수 있는 해석 모델링 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 근사해석 모델링 기법은 휨 모멘트, 인장에 대한 실험 결과와 해석결과를 비교하여 접합부의 거동을 나타낼 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.Modern wooden structures usually are connected with steel fastener type connectors. And joints using multiple connectors in wooden structures will form semi-rigid connection. If connection in wooden structure would be designed to be pinned joint, the underestimate for loads transmitted through connection, would result in the deficient capacity of resistance in connection. And if joints in wooden structures would be assumed to be fully-rigid joint, amount of fasteners needed at the connection could be excessively increased. It will give a bad effect in the view of beauty, constructability and economy. Estimate for the reasonable stiffness of connection might be essential in design of reasonable connection in wooden structure. This paper will suggest analysis modelling technique that can represent approximate stiffness of connections using a common analysis program for double shear connection in order to give help in performing easily the design of wooden structure. It is verified that the suggested approximate analysis modelling technique could represent the behavior in connection by comparing the analysis results with test results for tensile, bending moment.

Development of a Hybrid Pin Joint with a Compressed Wooden Dowel and Metal Pipe

A newly developed hybrid pin (HP), composed of a compressed wooden dowel inserted into a stainless steel pipe is suggested in this research. This configuration is expected to grant high stiffness by bending performance of the metal pipe and rich ductility through shear deformation of compressed wooden dowel without brittle split of the joint member. Experimental tests were performed in order to verify your assumptions and pursue an optimum design. Double shear test perpendicular to the grain of HP was conducted with parameter of thickness and loading direction for base member for pin’s diameter. Rotational test for mortise and tenon joint inserted with HP was performed in order to evaluate the moment resisting performance. Consequently, the hybrid pin showed satisfactory performance as shear type fastener by virtues of not only relatively high stiffness but also rich ductility originated from the properties of each component, stain less steel pipe and compressed wood.

Kasetohust punutud Eesti ala märsid: eripärad ja valmistamine / Estonian Birch-bark Satchels: Particularities and Weaving Techniques

The largest group of birch-bark items in the collections of Estonian museums (around 190 objects) consists of “satchels” woven from strips of birch bark, and closable with a flap. (In English, there is no exact equivalent for the Estonian term märss, which denotes a container for food, woven out of birch back, and carried on the back.) These satchels were used mainly in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century in northern Estonia.The purpose of this article is to provide a brief historical overview of such items as found in Estonian areas, and also to confirm, through comparative analysis with analogues from neighbouring areas, the uniqueness of the technological solutions used to weave them. As far as we know, there is today no birch-bark weaver, who carries on the traditions of his predecessors, so we had to reconstruct the skill, starting by weaving some satchels based on those in the ethnographic collections, which also allowed us to analyze this type of object from the perspective of the requisite skills.The article offers fascinating data about birch-bark satchels, birch bark crafts in general, and heritage culture. Such knowledge is essential for those who wish to weave Estonian-style birch-bark satchels; it is also useful for stewards of the museum collections who wish to supplement their own knowledge of such items and their associated descriptions. It also provides an opportunity to reappraise the historical value of such satchels in museum collections and their importance in Estonian material heritage culture.In the course of the research, the authors developed the first typology for birch-bark satchels found in Estonian areas. As they have basically the same structure, four types were identified on the basis of the manner in which the flap is attached. The first type uses a fastening method known to be used only in Estonia, where the flap cord is tied to the base, attached to a half-loop formed from the carrying strap. The fastening method for the second type is that the flap strap is tied to a wooden, spindle-shaped peg in analogous fashion to satchels from neighbouring countries. Of the items we examined, only four used a third type of fastening, where the flap strap was tied to a loop made of bast, cord or leather strap. The fourth category I reserved for categorizing all items that had no discernible sign of how to fasten the flap. Presumably the flaps on such satchels were not secured by tying or were tied to a cord fastened to the base, which none of the extant items have.The edges of all of the birch-bark satchels from Estonian areas have a discernible cord or “lakapael” (flap strap) woven into them – this is an interesting solution which is not typically found in any neighbouring countries, where an additional bark strip is used in weaving the edge of the flap. The unusual practice of weaving in the flap strap could have been transposed from techniques involving the plaiting of bast or birch bark in plain weaves for making sandals, where it was the customary practice – especially in north-eastern and southeastern Estonia – to weave cord into the edge.

레인코트용 자카드 직물의 소비자 요구도 및 패턴 이미지 감성 평가

This study identifies consumer needs and a pattern sensory evaluation of jacquard fabrics for raincoats using quick-drying-absorbing polyester. We investigate the consumer's consciousness and raincoat improvements. Twelve kinds of jacquard fabrics were developed for use in this study. Developed jacquard fabrics were assessed subjectively by 152 uni- versity students using a 7-point scale of 26 consumer needs and 31 pattern image sensory descriptors. Data were ana- lyzed by SPSS. The major results were: There was a need for consumers to improve the front fastener type, cuff fastener, mesh patch position, and raincoat pocket position. The most important parameter to choose raincoat fabric was water- proof and the other parameters were vapor-porous/water repellent, design, color, fashionability, air-permeability and easy- put on/off. The pattern image sensibility of jacquard fabrics was explained by seven factors: gorgeous, simple, cute, futur- istic, ethnic, feminine, and cool. A higher pattern preference was found in the jacquard fabrics of unique, sporty, natural, luxurious, and trendy images. The pattern preference was predicted at 45.3% with gorgeous, simple, pure, cute, futuristic factors. The correlation coefficient between the pattern image sensibility factor 1 (gorgeous) and pattern preference was 0.674 and with factor 3 (cute) was 0.416, and with factor 6 (cool) was 0.209. The 4 factors (gorgeous, simple, cute, futur- istic) were selected as a significant pattern image sensibility that influenced preference.

Seismic Evaluation of Structural Insulated Panels in Comparison with Wood-Frame Panels

Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) wall systems have been used in residential and light commercial buildings for the past sixty years. Lack of sufficient published research on racking load performance and limited understanding of the influence of fastener types on seismic response has been a deterrent in widespread use of the wall system in seismically active areas. This paper presents the results of a study involving a total of twenty one 2.4 m × 2.4 m shear walls tested under monotonic and cyclic loading. Four different 114 mm thick SIP panel configurations and one traditional wood frame wall were tested under monotonic loading according to ASTM E 564-06; and thirteen 114 mm thick SIP panels and three wood frame walls were tested under the CUREE loading protocol according to ASTM E 2126-11. Parameters such as fastener type; spline design; hold-down anchor location; and sheathing bearing were adjusted throughout the testing in order to determine their effects on the SIP’s performance. Performance parameters such as peak load and displacement; energy dissipation; allowable drift load capacity and seismic compatibility were determined for all of the specimens. Such parameters were then used to demonstrate the SIP walls’ compatibility with the wood frame walls and to determine the efficiency of the different SIP wall configuration and spline systems employed.