Type Of Exercise Research Articles

Is exercise therapy the right treatment for rotator cuff-related shoulder pain? Uncertainties, theory, and practice.

Exercise therapy is a popular non-surgical treatment to help manage individuals with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP) and is recommended in all clinical practice guidelines. Due to modest effect sizes, low quality evidence, uncertainty relating to efficacy, and mechanism(s) of benefit, exercise as a therapeutic intervention has been the subject of increasing scrutiny. The aim of this critical review is to lay out where the purported uncertainties of exercise for RCRSP exist by exploring the relevant quantitative and qualitative literature. We conclude by offering theoretical and practical considerations to help reduce the uncertainty of delivering exercise therapy in a clinical environment. Uncertainty underpins much of the theory and practice of delivering exercise therapy for individuals with RCRSP. Nonetheless, exercise is an often-valued treatment by individuals with RCRSP, when provided within an appropriate clinical context. We encourage clinicians to use a shared decision-making paradigm and embrace a pluralistic model when prescribing therapeutic exercise. This may take the form of using exercise experiments to trial different exercise approaches, adjusting, and adapting the exercise type, load, and context based on the individual's symptom irritability, preferences, and goals. We contend that providing exercise therapy should remain a principal treatment option for helping individuals with RCRSP. Limitations notwithstanding, exercise therapy is relatively low cost, accessible, and often valued by individuals with RCRSP. The uncertainty surrounding exercise therapy requires ongoing research and emphasis could be directed towards investigating causal mechanisms to better understand how exercise may benefit an individual with RCRSP.

Exercise FITT-V during pregnancy: Association with birth outcomes.

Prenatal exercise improves birth outcomes, but research into exercise dose-response effects is limited. This study is a retrospective, secondary analysis of pooled data from three blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trials. Prenatal exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume (FITT-V) were assessed in supervised sessions throughout pregnancy. Gestational age (GA), neonatal resting heart rate (rHR), morphometrics (body circumferences, weight-to-length and ponderal index) Apgar and reflex scores, and placental measures were obtained at birth. Stepwise regressions and Pearson correlations determined associations between FITT-V and birth outcomes. Prenatal exercise frequency reduces ponderal index (R2 = 0.15, F = 2.76, p = .05) and increased total number of reflexes present at birth (R2 = 0.24, F = 7.89, p < .001), while exercise intensity was related to greater gestational age and birth length (R2 = 0.08, F = 3.14; R2 = 0.12, F = 3.86, respectively; both p = .04); exercise weekly volume was associated with shorter hospital stay (R2 = 0.24, F = 4.73, p = .01). Furthermore, exercise type was associated with placenta size (R2 = 0.47, F = 3.51, p = .01). Prenatal exercise is positively related to birth and placental outcomes in a dose-dependent manner.

Prevalence of depression among subjects practicing aerobic vs. anaerobic exercise: a cross-sectional study.

As already proven in the literature, exercise positively affects mental health. However, the question regarding which type of exercise and what limit and time are sufficient to gain the maximum benefit still exists. The current study attempts to answer this question by comparing aerobic and anaerobic exercise in terms of the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their relationship with two different exercise categories. Walking, running, and cycling represent forms of aerobic exercise, while resistance training represents anaerobic sport. A total of 680 participants, 428 males and 252 females, met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 368 stated that walking and running was their main form of exercise, while 174 preferred cycling and 138 took part in resistance training. The P value between the aerobic and anaerobic exercise groups in terms of the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 0.8, which is insignificant. This study also found that compliance, number of sessions, and time per session directly affected the prevalence of depressive symptoms. The results show that all exercise may lead to individuals becoming less prone to depression; there is no advantage to undertaking aerobic exercise over anaerobic exercise. As long as there is good adherence and the appropriate number of sessions and amount of time, individuals should be encouraged to choose their type of exercise according to their needs and preferences.

The potential of observational hand-drawing in contemporary education (a case-study in architecture using Seymour Simmons’s drawing typology)

This paper aims to demonstrate the value of traditional observation hand-drawing as a contemporary teaching approach to develop skills such as creativity, problem-solving, critical thinking, empathy and cooperation. It is well known that drawing activity possesses unique cognitive characteristics that contribute to critical thought and problem-solving and can positively impact the emotional self. However, it is difficult to demonstrate that traditional observational hand-drawing applies in all these ways. On the contrary, there is an associated mistrust of observational drawing in the past, due to difficulties, for many students, in learning such skills capable of generating emotional distress, which in part justifies this research article. Another purpose is to explain the benefits of observational hand-drawing in fields dominated by digital media, like architecture. Using the example of the faculty of architecture at the University of Oporto, Portugal, where drawing from observation is successfully taught as an indispensable basis for pursuing a degree in architecture, we analysed the four types of exercises in its foundational programme of drawing study to inquire about which mental skills it mobilizes in students, using Seymour Simmon's model of drawing typology to frame the discussion. At the same time, we will provide a test board for his theory and argue that hand-drawing exclusively from observation in a teaching scenario facilitates the approach to complex subjects and trains crucial cognitive skills.

The Effects of Different Exercise Types on Cognitive and Physical Functions in Dementia Patients: A Randomized Comparative Study

Purpose: The physical and cognitive effects of aerobic exercise on dementia have been extensively studied. Further investigation of other types of exercise with different physiological effects is still needed. This study aimed to determine cognitive and physical effects of 6-week aerobic, balance, and combined (aerobic-balance) exercise programs on dementia. Materials and Methods: A total of 31 mild to moderate dementia patients aged 65-90 years were divided into three exercise groups. Before and after the 6-week exercise program, mental rotation, spatial orientation, visual memory, and mental status were assessed for cognitive functions, while fall risk, reaction time, lower limb strength, and frailty were assessed for physical functions. Comprehensive cognitive and physical assessments were performed to provide a holistic approach to dementia. Results: When post-exercise values were compared with pre-exercise values, only frailty decreased significantly in the aerobic exercise group (p=0.017). After exercise program in balance and combined exercise groups, mental rotation (p=0.005, p=0.032), spatial orientation (p=0.020, p=0.035), mental status (p=0.007, p=0.014), and lower extremity strength (p=0. 010, p=0.005) increased significantly, while fall risk (p=0.005, p=0.005), reaction time (p=0.028, p=0.016), and frailty (p=0.020, p=0.009) decreased significantly. Moreover, in contrast to combined and aerobic exercise, improvement in visual memory was also observed in the balance exercise group (p=0.016). Conclusions: These findings suggest that balance and combined exercises may have broader effects on dementia than aerobic exercise. It emphasizes the importance of designing exercise programs for dementia patients, considering the cognitive and physical deficits of the patients, and creating a multidimensional treatment approach.

Role Of Exercise Intensity in Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

Endurance training, a form of physical activity that relies on continuous aerobic exercise and repetitive muscle contractions, is widely acknowledged for its positive effects on overall physical fitness. Aerobic exercise, an essential component of endurance training, has numerous benefits including improved cardiovascular and respiratory health, increased muscle endurance, and enhanced resistance against fatigue. It has also been found to contribute to skeletal muscles, potentially by stimulating the synthesis of proteins involved in muscle fiber formation. Although resistance exercise has been favored for promoting muscle growth, some suggests that aerobic exercise can also produce skeletal muscle hypertrophy comparable to that of resistance exercise if performed correctly. The duration, intensity, and specific type of aerobic exercise play important roles in determining skeletal muscle mass. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) known as a key regulator of muscle protein synthesis that associated with exercise activity. Several signaling pathways, such as Akt/mTOR and MAPK, are involved in controlling muscle protein synthesis during exercise. This review aimed to understand the impact of aerobic exercise intensity and other training parameters on skeletal muscle, to provide valuable insights for optimizing exercise programs and fostering muscle hypertrophy. In this review, we had systematically searched PubMed and Google Scholar from January 2013 to May 2023. Our result indicated that aerobic exercise can be expected to promote skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improve muscle mass and function. The regulation of skeletal muscle mass is complex, involving various signaling pathways such as mTOR, as well as the influence of hormones and growth factors.

The Effectiveness of Hurdle Drill and Shadow Exercises to Improve Footwork Skills in Badminton

This research shows the importance of this type of exercise in badminton to improve footwork skills. The research aimed to determine the effect of hurdle drills and shadow training on footwork and which exercises are the most effective. This research uses a quantitative approach method with a quasi-experimental design. The sample involved in this study consisted of 30 PB athletes. Sampurna Sumedang, aged 10-14, was selected using purposive sampling techniques. This study involved three groups; One control group was a conventional exercise, and two experimental groups were doing hurdle drills and shadow exercises. Pretest and posttest data were obtained using Tohar's badminton footwork research instrument. Data processing and analysis using ANAVA: Sig. value 0.03 &lt; α = 0.05, meaning significant differences from each group to footwork. The post hoc test showed the results of a hurdle drill with a value of 15.30, shadow training with a result of 14.70, and a control group with a value of 13.60. In conclusion, hurdle drill training, shadow training, and conventional training are effective in badminton footwork. The results of this study show that hurdle drill exercises are better than shadow exercises and conventional exercises because they are more varied and efficient.

Electrical Impedance Tomography for Real-Time Monitoring of Muscle Activity in Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation

This work looks at how Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) can be used in robot-assisted rehabilitation to make it easier to watch how muscle activity changes in real time. Quantitative methods are used in this study to look into how well EIT works, including full analyses and comparisons with common tracking methods like Electromyography (EMG). Both EIT and EMG are used to record the participants' mean and peak muscle activation levels as they do a set of Upper Limb, Lower Limb, and Full Body exercises. The study's findings show that EIT is incredibly flexible when it comes to capturing complex patterns of muscle activation across a wide range of rehabilitation routines. Each participant's involvement is shown by different patterns of muscle activation, and these patterns can be seen across different types of exercise. We can learn a lot about how muscles work during rehabilitation by measuring their mean and peak activation levels. This helps us see how well EIT works as a tracking tool. A very important step in validating EIT is to compare it to EMG readings. This shows how consistent and accurate EIT is in real-time monitoring situations. The high level of agreement between the two methods shows that EIT is a reliable alternative to standard monitoring methods, providing an easy to use and non-invasive way to measure muscle activity. The results of this study are even stronger because they include quantitative analyses and a detailed look at system performance data. We carefully check things like signal-to-noise ratio, reconstruction accuracy, and reliability, which shows how strong and dependable the combined EIT system is. These metrics are important for showing how well the system can measure things accurately and reliably in changing rehabilitation situations. This study adds to the growing amount of research on EIT uses in rehabilitation by showing that it can be a useful tool for keeping track of real-time muscle activity. This study opens the door for EIT to be widely used in rehabilitation by showing how muscle activation changes over time and proving its effectiveness against well-known methods. This will eventually lead to better patient outcomes and more effective rehabilitation.

Construction and analysis of a network of exercise-induced mitochondria-related non-coding RNA in the regulation of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major factor in the development of heart failure. Mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which affect the progression of DCM. Regular exercise can induce altered non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression, which subsequently affects gene expression and protein function. The mechanism of exercise-induced mitochondrial-related non-coding RNA network in the regulation of DCM remains unclear. This study seeks to construct an innovative exercise-induced mitochondrial-related ncRNA network. Bioinformatic analysis of RNA sequencing data from an exercise rat model identified 144 differentially expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with cutoff criteria of p< 0.05 and fold change ≥1.0. GSE6880 and GSE4745 were the differentially expressed mRNAs from the left ventricle of DCM rat that downloaded from the GEO database. Combined with the differentially expressed mRNA and MitoCarta 3.0 dataset, the mitochondrial located gene Pdk4 was identified as a target gene. The miRNA prediction analysis using miRanda and TargetScan confirmed that 5 miRNAs have potential to interact with the 144 lncRNA. The novel lncRNA-miRNA-Pdk4 network was constructed for the first time. According to the functional protein association network, the newly created exercise-induced ncRNA network may serve as a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target, providing a fresh perspective to understand the molecular mechanism of different exercise types for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Exercise Prescription in Individuals with Prehypertension and Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension has been increasing over the years, and is closely related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Exercise is an effective method of lifestyle intervention, and it aims to lower blood pressure and control other risks. Studies have shown that different modes of exercise have varying effects on blood pressure, and individuals with prehypertension or hypertension need to carry out this intervention by using personalized modes of exercise. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of different modes of exercise regimens on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in individuals with high-normal blood pressure and hypertension. We included 27 trials, and 2731 individuals were under 8 exercise regimens. Stata12.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Heat pools significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 15.62 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI]: -23.83, -7.41), and cycling reduced SBP by 14.76 mmHg (-17.04, -12.48). Two to three types of aerobic exercise performed at the same time also significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 5.61 mmHg (-7.71, -3.52), and isometric handgrip training exercise reduced DBP by 5.57 mmHg (-7.48, -3.66). Cycling also significantly reduced heart rate (HR) by 9.57 beats/minute (-11.25, -7.90). The existing literature suggests that different types of exercise can effectively reduce the levels of SBP, DBP and HR in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension.

Deep learning model for classifying shoulder pain rehabilitation exercises using IMU sensor

BackgroundArtificial intelligence is being used for rehabilitation, including monitoring exercise compliance through sensor technology. AI classification of shoulder exercise wearing an IMU sensor has only been reported in normal (i.e. painless) subjects. To prove the feasibility of monitoring exercise compliance, we aimed to classify 11 types of shoulder rehabilitation exercises using an AI (artificial intelligence) algorithm in patients with shoulder pain. We had the patients wear an IMU-based sensor, collected data during exercise, and determined the accuracy of exercise classification.MethodsData were collected from 58 patients (27 males, 31 females, age range 37–82 years) diagnosed with shoulder diseases such as adhesive capsulitis and rotator cuff disease. 11 types of shoulder pain rehabilitation exercise programs were developed and repeated each exercise ten times per session while wearing an IMU sensor. The study applied the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) and the SoftMax as the activation function for hidden layers, the output layer.ResultsThe acquired data was used to train a DNN model using the multilayer perceptron algorithm. The trained model was used to classify 11 types of shoulder pain rehabilitation exercises. The training accuracy was 0.975 and the test accuracy was 0.925.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that IMU sensor data can effectively classify shoulder pain rehabilitation exercises, providing more appropriate feedback for patients. The model can be utilized to establish a system for remotely monitoring patients’ exercise performance. The use of deep learning in patient monitoring and rehabilitation has significant potential to bring innovative changes to healthcare service delivery.

Effects of ABC Running and Bodyweight Training combination: A case study on the speed of hurdling athletes

The use of exercise in sports must be right on target on the physical component needed. Similarly, hurdling not only utilizes speed, but requires strength to get maximum results. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects arising from the use of Running ABC exercises combined with Bodyweight Training. The study design used a two-group post-test pre-test of 22 trained male subjects enrolled in the study. The first stage includes initial tests to see initial ability and as a basis for determining the treatment group which is divided into two groups with ordinally paired patterns A-B-B-A for group alignment. Group 1 was given Running ABC exercises, and Group 2 Running ABC exercises were combined with Bodyweight Training. Each group was trained for 16 meetings. The test instrument used is a 50yard sprint over obstacles by measuring the speed of the athlete's travel time. The data analysis technique used was a difference test with IBM SPSS 24 statistics. The results of the study were obtained from data analysis there was a significant difference between group 1 who only used Running ABC exercises with group 2 who used Running ABC exercises combined with Bodyweight Training exercises with a difference value of 0.043&lt;0.05. This means that running abc (agility, balance, and coordination) and body weight training are significant in increasing the running speed of hurdling athletes, but combining body weight training and running abc (agility, balance and coordination) is more effective than training using only one type of physical component exercise. By combining running abc exercises and body weight training, trainers can improve their athletes' overall fitness and technique, effectively improving balance, coordination, and functional strength. Keyword: Exercise, Bodyweight Training, Running ABC, Hurdles.

The Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Background and ObjectiveExercise is a promising non-pharmacological therapy for subjective cognitive decline, but it is unclear which type of exercise is most effective. The objective was to assess the comparative effects and ranks of all exercise-based interventions on cognitive function in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).MethodIn this network meta-analysis, Online databases for Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO were searched from inception to April 30, 2023. The included studies are randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of exercise interventions for individuals with SCD. The primary outcome measure is memory, while secondary outcome measures encompass executive function, attention, verbal fluency, and global cognitive function. Represented using Standardized Mean Differences (SMDs) along with their 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). Bias assessment was conducted in accordance with the ‘Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, 2nd Edition’ (RoB 2). Pairwise meta-analysis was carried out using the ‘meta-analysis’ module within STATA 14.0, and network meta-analysis was performed using the ‘mvmeta’ and ‘network’ packages available in STATA 14.0. Registration number CRD42023289687.ResultThis study included a total of 11 randomized controlled trials, encompassing 1,166 patients. Mind-body exercise was found to be efficacious in enhancing or sustaining memory (SMD: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.06 ∼ 1.10) and executive function (SMD: 0.41, 95%CI: 0.09 ∼ 0.73) in individuals with subjective cognitive decline. Furthermore, mind-body exercise exhibited the highest probability of being the most effective measures for improving or preventing the decline in memory (surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value: 90.4) and executive function (SUCRA value: 91.8). The second-ranked moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has also shown a positive effect on the improvement of executive function in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SMD: 0.23, 95%CI: 0.03 ∼ 0.43, SUCRA value: 68.2). However, we did not observe a significant effectiveness of exercise interventions on verbal fluency, attention, and overall cognitive function in subjective cognitive decline.ConclusionMind-body exercise may potentially be the optimal strategies for enhancing memory and executive function in individuals with subjective cognitive decline. Additionally, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has shown a modest positive effect on executive function in subjective cognitive decline. When resources permit, practical application of these findings may be considered. Nevertheless, further support for the conclusions of this study is warranted through larger sample sizes and well-designed multicenter trials.

Bibliometric Analysis of the Relationship Between Breast Cancer and Exercise Based on Citespace

This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on the relationship between breast cancer and exercise using Citespace software, in order to explore the research hotspots, trends, and deficiencies in this field. Relevant literature including keywords such as “breast cancer” and “exercise” was retrieved from the Web of Science database and analyzed using Citespace software for data processing and visualization. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: In co-occurrence analysis of keywords, researchers mainly focus on the prevention, rehabilitation, and treatment of breast cancer, as well as the effects of different types of exercise on breast cancer. Meanwhile, the cooccurrence patterns of keywords in studies related to exercise and breast cancer indicate an increasing attention to the relationship between breast cancer and exercise, making it gradually one of the hotspots in breast cancer research. The timeline of keywords and burst detection analysis show that researchers have increasingly focused on the relationship between breast cancer and exercise in recent years, with research intensity showing an increasing trend year by year. Furthermore, in recent years, researchers have begun to emphasize the role of exercise in breast cancer rehabilitation, rather than just prevention and treatment. Discipline analysis indicates that research in this field involves multiple disciplinary areas, including medicine, oncology, sports science, nutrition, etc. Additionally, an analysis of papers published by country reveals that the United States leads in research on the relationship between breast cancer and exercise, followed closely by the United Kingdom, China, Canada, Australia, and other countries. Conclusion: Literature on the relationship between breast cancer and exercise shows a trend of increasing quantity year by year. However, there are still some deficiencies in this field, such as lack of uniform research methods, overly limited research samples, and insufficient rigor in research results. Therefore, further strengthening research on the relationship between breast cancer and exercise is highly necessary.

Moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training modulate the composition of the oral microbiota of elderly adults: Randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveWe investigates the effects of 16-week high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on the composition of the oral microbiota. To the best of our knowledge, at the time of writing this paper no other scholars had described the oral metagenomic changes associated with prescribed exercise in older adults. MethodsForty-three participants aged 60–74 years were randomized 1:1:1 to a control group, high-intensity interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training twice weekly for 16 weeks. Saliva samples were sequenced at baseline, week 8 and week 16 of intervention. ResultsHigh-intensity interval training produced significant differences over time in Richness and a clear trend to decreased Simpson and Shannon diversity indices. In contrast, Simpson and Shannon indices showed an upward trend over time with moderate-intensity continuous training, which also decreased Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes levels. Significant differences in the abundance of pathogenic species were also observed after the participants completed the exercise interventions of either type. ConclusionsBoth types of exercise promoted subtle changes in the oral microbiota, confirming the modulatory effect of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on the oral microbiome.Clinical trial registration NCT05220670.

Effects of Eccentric Versus Concentric Strengthening in Patients With Subacromial Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Subacromial pain syndrome (SPS) is the most common cause of shoulder pain. Therapeutic exercise is the first-line treatment for SPS; however, the ideal exercise type remains unclear. Here, we compared the effects of eccentric and concentric strengthening in patients with SPS. Adding isolated eccentric strengthening to a multimodal physiotherapy program (MPP) would lead to greater improvements in outcomes compared with either MPP alone or adding isolated concentric strengthening to the MPP. Randomized controlled trial. Level 2. A total of 45 patients were randomized to eccentric strengthening (ESG), concentric strengthening (CSG), and control (CG) groups; all groups received the MPP. The strengthening groups also performed group-specific strengthening. Shoulder pain, abduction and external rotation (ER) strength, joint position sense (JPS), the Constant-Murley Score (CMS), and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score were collected at baseline, after 12 weeks of treatment, and at week 24. For CMS, ESG exhibited a greater, but not clinically meaningful, improvement than CSG and CG (P < 0.05). Eccentric abduction strength increased in ESG compared with CG. From baseline to follow-up, abduction strength increased in ESG compared with CSG and CG. Eccentric abduction strength increased in CSG compared with CG. JPS at abduction improved in the ESG compared with CG. Other between-group comparisons were not significant (P > 0.05). In SPS, eccentric strengthening provided added benefits, improving shoulder abduction strength and JPS at abduction, and was superior to concentric strengthening for improving shoulder abduction strength. Neither strengthening approach had an additional effect on shoulder function, pain, ER strength, or rotational JPS. Clinicians could implement eccentric strengthening as a motor control retraining for strength and proprioception gain rather than for pain relief and reducing disability.

Comparative efficacy of different types of exercise modalities on psychiatric symptomatology in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review with network meta-analysis

This network meta-analysis investigated the effects of 8 types of physical exercises on treating positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score in patients with schizophrenia. The methods adhered to PRISMA guidelines and used the Cochrane risk of bias tool for quality assessment, and Stata software for data analysis. Data were sourced from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database up to August 15, 2023, following PICOS principles. A total of 25 studies including 1441 participants were analyzed. Results showed that resistance exercise seems to be effective for improving positive symptoms, while Yoga was more effective for negative symptoms. Low-intensity aerobic exercise was optimal for general psychopathology, and Yoga was effective in improving the PANSS total score. The study concluded that yoga and aerobic exercise demonstrated superior performance, but the impact of exercise on patients with schizophrenia is also influenced by individual factors and intervention dosages. Therefore, a pre-assessment of patients considering factors such as interests, hobbies, and physical capabilities is crucial for selecting appropriate exercise modalities.

The Effects of Single-Bout Exercise Interventions with Different Exercise Modalities on Executive Function in Youths.

This study aimed to investigate how single-bout open-skill exercise (OSE), closed-skill exercise (CSE), and mixed-skill exercise intervention (MSE) influence executive function. A total of 120 students aged between 18 and 25 were separated into three groups: closed-skill exercise, open-skill exercise, and mixed-skill exercise. A task-switching test was performed before and after a single bout of exercise intervention. The simple reaction time, choice reaction time, switch cost, and correction rate were tested in a task-switching test. The results were analyzed via a two-way analysis of variance, with a significance level of α = 0.05, to compare the effects of the intervention. Only open-skill exercise exhibited a significant effect on the simple reaction time (p < 0.05). In terms of choice reaction time and switch cost, all three intervention groups exhibited significant improvements, with no significant differences observed between the three groups (p < 0.05). The correction rate did not show a significant effect post-intervention, and no significant differences were observed between the groups. The correction rate showed no significant effect after the intervention or between groups. All three types of exercise can shorten choice reaction time and switch cost, but only OSE can reduce simple reaction time.

Early Mobilization Dose Reporting in Randomized Clinical Trials With Patients Who Were Mechanically Ventilated: A Scoping Review.

The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the mobilization dose reporting in the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. In this scoping review, RCTs published from inception to December 2022 were searched in relevant electronic databases. Trials that involved adults receiving mechanical ventilation (>48hours) and any early mobilization modality were analyzed. Two independent authors screened, selected, and extracted data. The mobilization doses of the intervention groups (IGs) and the comparator groups (CGs) were assessed as the proportion of reported items/total applicable from the main items of the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT). Twenty-three RCTs comprising 2707 patients (1358 from IG and 1349 from CG) were included, involving studies on neuromuscular electrical stimulation (n = 7), progressive mobility (n = 6), leg cycling (n = 3), tilt table (n = 1), and multicomponent (n = 6) mobilization. The pooled reporting of CERT items was 68% (86% for IG and 50% for CG). The most reported CERT items were type of exercise (100%) and weekly frequency (100%) for IG, whereas the least reported were intensity (4%) and individualization (22%) for CG. Regardless of the group, individualization, progression, and intensity of mobilization were the least reported items. Eight IGs (35%) reported all CERT items, whereas no CGs reported all of them. Deficits in mobilization dose reporting of intensive care unit RCTs were identified, especially for exercise intensity in adults receiving mechanical ventilation. One-third of IG reported all exercise dosing items, whereas no CG reported all of them. Future studies should investigate the details of optimal dosage reporting, particularly for CG. The lack of dose reporting may partially explain the inconsistency in the meta-analysis results of early mobilization trials, thus limiting the interpretation for clinical practice in the intensive care unit.

An inter-laboratory comparison between 13 international laboratories for eight components relevant for hydrogen fuel quality assessment

The quality of the hydrogen delivered by refuelling stations is critical for end-users and society. The purity of the hydrogen dispensed at hydrogen refuelling points should comply with the technical specifications included in the ISO 14687:2019 and EN 17124:2022 standards. Once laboratories have set up methods, they need to verify their performances, for example through participation in interlaboratory comparisons. Due to the challenge associated with the production of stable reference materials and transport of these which are produced in hydrogen at high pressure (>10 bar), interlaboratory comparisons have been organized in different steps, with increasing extent.This study describes an inter-laboratory comparison exercise for hydrogen fuel involving a large number of participants (13 laboratories), completed in less than a year and included eight key contaminants of hydrogen fuel at level close to the ISO14687 threshold. These compounds were selected based on their high probability of occurrence or because they have been found in hydrogen fuel samples. For the results of the intercomparison, it appeared that fully complying with ISO 21087:2019 is still challenging for many participants and highlighted the importance of organising these types of exercises. Many laboratories performed corrective actions based on their results, which in turn significantly improved their performances.