Types Of Coalitions Research Articles

Carpal Coalition: Is It Really Rare and Incidental Finding?

Objectives: Carpal coalition (CC) defines the combined development of two or more carpal bones. The diagnosis is often made incidentally by the radiographs. Incidence of CC changes with ethnicity. CC may cause various symptoms because of the coalition type and the affected bones. We aim to analyze the incidence of CC, affected bones, define the symptoms and find out the correlation between CC, demographic factors and associated hand anomalies. Methods: A total of 9457 hand and wrist AP radiographs were retrospectively analyzed. 9162 radiographs were included in the study. If a coalition was found, affected bones, patient’s age and gender, clinical findings and concomitant hand abnormalities were recorded. Results: 29 CC cases, including 16 female (55.2%) and 13 male (44.8%) patients were found. The CC incidence was %0.3. Mean age was 34.6 (range between 13-80). There were 25 (86.3%) lunotriquetral coalitions (LTC), 2 capitate-trapezoid coalitions (CTC) (6.9%), 1 (3.4%) hamate-pisiform coalition (HPC), and 1 (3.4%) trapezium-trapezoid coalition (TTC) in the study population. There was non-traumatic wrist pain in 8 (27.5%) cases, and there was limited wrist motion in 1 (3.5%) case. 7 of 8 non-traumatic wrist pain cases had LTC, and 1 of 8 had HPC. LTC was found in the case with limited wrist motion. There was bilateral CC in one patient and concomitant oligodactyly in another one. Conclusion: CC is a rare and often asymptomatic developmental anomaly in our study which is performed with one of the most extensive series in the literature. LTC is the most frequent form. CC should be kept in mind in patients with wrist pain and limited wrist motion.

Coalitions, framing, and the politics of energy transitions: Local democracy and community choice in California

A significant topic of research in the analysis of the politics of sustainability transitions is the role of coalitions. This study builds on previous research that utilizes discourse coalition and framing theories to develop a method for analyzing coalitions that integrates the analysis of three, inter-related changes: the challenger-incumbent relationship, the internal composition of both types of coalitions, and the choices of frames. The study focuses on community choice aggregation (CCA) in California, which is a decades-long industrial transition movement that has contributed to local, democratic control over electricity in the state. The analysis shows how both the CCA-coalition and the utility coalition underwent changes in composition over time and how the changes were connected with frame innovation, with counterframing, and with different types of policy conflicts. Thus, the study develops a general framework for an integrated analysis of coalitions and frames that emphasizes the connected changes of coalitions and frames over time. The analysis shows how the changing discourse of energy-transition politics is connected with coalition composition, ongoing experimentation with counterframing, and the evolving challenger-incumbent relationship. For the pro-CCA coalition, frames regarding pricing benefits recede and are replaced with frames involving energy democracy, good government, and job creation.

An extended robust approach for a cooperative inventory routing problem

The impact of the horizontal collaboration of logistic providers as upstream supply chain elements is studied in this paper. The logistic providers can be considered as different players and, in order to analyze different types of coalitions by computing the synergy between the players in each cooperative structure, we developed a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation for a cooperative inventory routing problem (Co-IRP). In this paper, each player has one depot and some retailers, which are considered as its available market. The model will have a many-to-many network structure once a coalition is formed, where a single product from different depots will be delivered to different retailers. We establish a robust version of Co-IRP, which is called Co-RIRP, considering uncertainty in the network. We developed a few metaheuristic algorithms to promote the gained results once MIP is solved. Finally, in order to share the possible cost saving between players and compare the assignments, we applied a few payoff distribution methods. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of example results and some important managerial insights are presented.

Strategies in and outcomes of climate change litigation in the United States

The courts have played a central role in climate policy, including the landmark Supreme Court case that led to the mandatory regulation of greenhouse gases by the United States. A wide variety of litigants have used the courts to affect policy outcomes at all scales. Therefore, to understand how the court addresses climate change is critical. Here we constructed and analysed a database of all the United State domestic climate lawsuits 1990–2016 (873), and collected qualitative data in the form of 78 in-depth interviews with litigants, involved scientists and advocates. We find proregulation litigants tend to win renewable energy and energy efficiency cases, and more frequently lose coal-fired power plant cases. Strategies such as the use of climate science and other science as well as collaboration in specific types of coalitions affect the outcomes of cases. Efforts to affect climate policy should consider these trends and outcomes. Climate issues are increasingly being presented before the courts, with both pro- and anti-regulation litigants aiming to affect policy outcomes. Analysis of domestic US climate lawsuits and interview data reveals the type of case and the strategies that succeed.

Poplecznicy, wspólnicy i kompani. Funkcje koalicji międzyosobowych zawieranych przez recydywistów w więzieniu

The aim of the article is to present types of interpersonal coalitions that convicted men conclude and a functional analysis of the particular types of alliances in prison. The subject of the research is a biographical examinations of habitual offenders, including the relationships in which they enter into with other inmates during their imprisonment. The empirical material were the records of autobiographical narrative interviews. The adoption a perspective of cognition that goes beyond the individual biographies of individuals and enables to discover the general formulas and mechanisms shaping the sense of acting of the recidivists in prison conditions was possible thanks to the methodology of the grounded theory. The theoretical framework of the analysis was determined by the dramaturgical approach of Erving Goffman. Studies have shown that during imprisonment, recidivists set up three types of alliances and each of them performs a different function. The supporter plays an important role during the first prison experience. The accomplice helps to sustain and strengthen the desired social position in the group, while the companion helps to reduce the problems associated with prison isolation.

Evaluating Community Partnerships Addressing Community Resilience in Los Angeles, California.

Community resilience has grown in importance in national disaster response and recovery efforts. However, measurement of community resilience, particularly the content and quality of relationships aimed at improving resilience, is lacking. To address this gap, we used a social network survey to measure the number, type, and quality of relationships among organizations participating in 16 coalitions brought together to address community resilience in the Los Angeles Community Disaster Resilience project. These coalitions were randomized to one of two approaches (community resilience or preparedness). Resilience coalitions received training and support to develop these partnerships and implement new activities. Both coalition types received expert facilitation by a public health nurse or community educator. We also measured the activities each coalition engaged in and the extent to which partners participated in these activities at two time points. We found that the community resilience coalitions were initially larger and had lower trust among members than the preparedness communities. Over time, these trust differences dissipated. While both coalitions grew, the resilience community coalitions maintained their size difference throughout the project. We also found differences in the types of activities implemented by the resilience communities; these differences were directly related to the trainings provided. This information is useful to organizations seeking guidance on expanding the network of community-based organizations that participate in community resilience activities.

Art as a strategic element for innovation in gastronomic experiential services

PurposeThis paper aims to evidence the importance of art professionals’ participation in experiential innovation processes, in particular for the gastronomic experiential services, likewise their support to maintain companies at the vanguard in a market of experiences.Design/methodology/approachData are collected, in the first phase, through an elaborated questionnaire. In the second phase, a list of companies is created, based on the qualification that users give to the category “creative gastronomy”, in different online portals of restoration.FindingsThe authors found that art professionals are a strategic and differentiating element for companies that want to break away from the market and increase their revenues. The third part of the interviewed companies that innovate in services experience processes are conformed by multidisciplinary teams, some of the companies take into account the coalition of art professionals with kitchen professionals. This coalition has allowed the companies to increase its billing, stay at the vanguard of the market and more important to maintain their gastronomic experiences services.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the main obstacles for conducting this research was observed when carrying out the surveys, as the concept of “team” in the studied sector is not understood as part of the daily administration.Practical implicationsThe teams that have made this coalition type, and those that have teams of other specialized professional profiles, have increased their sales through the creation of gastronomical experiences. However, in this research, it is observed that, the companies that combine their teams and do a co-design work and co-development idea have been able to stay at the vanguard of the service and considerably increase their billing.Social implicationsHuman resources, with their respective competitions, abilities, techniques and knowledge, are the fundamental base in this type of service. The creation of strategic relationships with other companies or individuals, for either managerial alliances or recruitment and disposition of multidisciplinary teams at the internal level, could be more natural and generate new business opportunities.Originality/valueThe contribution of the paper focuses on the analysis about art professionals’ (artists) role at the time companies decide to sell sensations and emotions to a new consumer profile.

How do we build power in coalition? Rethinking union-community coalition types 12 years on

ABSTRACTUnion-community coalitions are an increasingly frequent phenomenon in the industrial landscape. In 2005, ‘There is Power in a Coalition’ sought to build a typology to understand various kinds of coalitions and define their different features. This article reviews that typology then applies it to the Sydney Alliance. The Sydney Alliance is a broad-based coalition of religious organisations, unions and community organisations that uses community organising to make Sydney a better place for everybody. It has included up to eleven unions at its peak and is an example of a Deep Coalition. The article combines the typology and the practices of the Sydney Alliance to build a more complex and detailed understanding of how Deep Coalitions work and what is likely to make them successful.

Fat Graft and Bone Wax Interposition Provides Better Functional Outcomes and Lower Reossification Rates Than Extensor Digitorum Brevis After Calcaneonavicular Coalition Resection.

Calcaneonavicular coalitions are the most common form of tarsal coalitions. The prefered treatment for symptomatic coalitions is surgical resection; however, there are no published studies that directly compare different interposition techniques. The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively compare pain relief, functional outcomes, and complications of children and adolescents who had a resection of a symptomatic calcaneonavicular coalition with interposition of fat graft, bone wax, or extensor digitorum brevis (EDB). In total, 48 patients (56 ft) underwent calcaneonavicular coalition resection-interposition at 3 institutions from July 2008 to July 2015. There were 23 feet in group 1 (fat graft), 18 feet in group 2 (bone wax), and 15 feet in group 3 (EDB). Patient demographic characteristics were similar between all groups for age, sex, coalition type, and symptoms onset. Data concerning clinical and radiographic features, surgical technique, and postoperative complications were obtained from all available medical records. Radiographs were evaluated at last follow-up to determine coalition regrowth. Preoperative and postoperative pain was assessed with the visual analog scale, and function was assessed with use of the American-Orthopaedic-Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Pain improved to an average of 0.5 in the first group (range, 0 to 6), 0 in group 2, and 1.7 in group 3 (range, 0 to 5) (P=0.033). The average AOFAS score improved from 59 (range, 33 to 71 points) to 98 points (range, 62 to 100 points) in the fat graft group, from 50 (range, 34 to 62 points) to 98 points (range, 88 to 100 points) in the bone wax group, and from 48 (range, 30 to 60 points) to 75 points (range, 70 to 95 points) in the EDB group (P<0.001). Eight feet had regrowth of the coalition on the postoperative radiographs: 1 in group 1 (4%), 1 in group 2 (6%), and 6 in group 3 (40%) (P=0.004). Five feet from the third group developed progressive symptoms. In our study, autogenous fat graft and bone wax interposition techniques provided better pain relief, gave better functional scores, and avoided more effectively coalition reossification than EDB technique. Further studies are required to evaluate safety of bone wax as an interposition material. Level III-therapeutic.

State, war, and land dispossession: The multiple paths to land concentration

AbstractWe focus on the role of the state in land dispossession during war. State agencies promote land accumulation not only through coercive paths, but also by combining political and market mechanisms. Each mechanism may link the state with different actors and coalitions. We illustrate how this worked in Tibú, a Colombian municipality in which violence against civilians and land accumulation took place in more or less distinct phases. The case highlights the fact that land accumulation during war is not only achieved through coercion. At the same time, it shows the importance of identifying the specific coalitions through which states establish their presence in contested territories during war. We explain such variation as resulting from the types of alliances and coalitions that the state establishes with different sets of stakeholders, and the aims pursued by coalition actors.

Durable coalitions and communication: Public versus private negotiations

We present a laboratory experiment to study the effect of communication on durable coalitions — coalitions that support the same allocation from one period to the next. We study a bargaining setting where the status quo policy is determined by the policy implemented in the previous period. Our main experimental treatment is the opportunity for subjects to negotiate with one another through unrestricted cheap-talk communication before a proposal is made and comes to a vote. We compare committees with no communication, committees where communication is public and messages are observed by all committee members, and committees where communication is private and any committee member can send a private message to any other committee member. We find that the opportunity to communicate has a significant impact on outcomes and coalitions. When communication is public, there are more universal coalitions and fewer majoritarian coalitions. With private communication, there are more majoritarian coalitions and fewer universal coalitions. With either type of communication coalitions occur more frequently and last longer than with no communication. The volume and content of communication is correlated with coalition type. These findings suggest a coordination role for communication that varies with the mode of communication.

Capitate-trapezoid synostosis: analysis of an Early Bronze Age case and review of the literature.

Carpal synostoses are congenital defects characterised by complete or incomplete coalition of two or more carpal bones. Although most of these defects are discovered only incidentally, sometimes they become clinically manifest. Among the different types of carpal coalition, the synostosis between capitate and trapezoid bones is quite rare, with only sparse data available in the literature. The aim of this report was to describe a case of capitate-trapezoid synostosis (CTS) observed in an ancient human skeleton, as well as to scrutinise the pertinent literature in order to assess for the characteristics of this type of defect, including its potential relevance to clinical practice. We studied the skeletal remains of an Early Bronze Age male warrior affected by incomplete CTS. Macroscopic and radiological examination of the defect was carried out. We also performed a comprehensive PubMed search in the Medline and other specialty literature databases to retrieve and analyse data relevant to the subject under consideration. The present case is the most ancient CTS ever found. In those literature-reported cases accompanied by careful anatomical description, such as the present one, incomplete coalition invariably occurs between the dorsal surfaces of the two bones, this characteristic emerging as a distinctive morphological trait. Literature analysis further suggests that the true prevalence of CTS is likely to be higher than estimates based on data gathered from radiology series, and that this defect may be associated with pain and carpal bossing more frequently than generally thought.

Incidence of Carpal Coalition in an Asian Population – Preliminary Findings of a Study on Patients from a Distal Radius Fracture Database

Congenital carpal coalition is usually seen as an incidental finding. The incidence of carpal coalition has been reported from 0.1 to 9.5 %; highest incidence has been reported in people of African descent. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the incidence and subtypes of carpal coalition in an Asian population. Review of the radiographs of the patients in our distal radius fracture database from 2009 to 2014 was conducted to determine the incidence and type of carpal coalition. 4141 patients' wrist radiographs were reviewed. 2 cases of carpal coalition were identified; this leads to an incidence of 0.048%. One was of luno-triquetral type and the other was of capito-hamate type. The preliminary results of our study indicate that carpal coalition in the Asian population is less common than that reported in the Western literature. Our results are inconclusive as to the type of carpal coalition that is more common.

When is blockholding growth enhanced?

&lt;p class="BodyA"&gt;In this paper we test productivity differences among groups of firms with multiple controls. By using an exceptionally reach database, consisting of more than 4,000 Slovenian firms, each employing at least 50 employees or having their assets larger than two million euros (two criteria defining a small firm), and containing the information of firms’ ten largest owners and their financial statements for the period 2006-2014, we design all possible minimal controlling coalition types up to three dominant owners and examine which minimal controlling coalition type generates the highest expected total factor productivity (TFP). We show that the optimal blockholding coalition type, consistingof two members coalitions without dominant owners,was able to attain short-term efficiency of dispersed owners.Other blockholdingcoalition types stayed behind. A simple behavioristic principle is observed: short term efficiency of controlling coalition type decreases with the number of dominant owners and increases with the number of potential controlling (minimal) coalitions with different dominant owners.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="BodyA"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

Modelling coopetition in aircraft spare part supply chain: game-theoretic approach

Owing to constant pressure on the bottom line, companies have been forced to adopt a new relationship called 'coopetition', which is a combination of both 'cooperation' and 'competition'. Functionally, in supply chain this concept has been understood in a dyadic relationship and network relationship. This study considers specifically a coopetitive arrangement between two or more airlines for spares supply. In coopetition, players forge different types of coalitions as they share resources. In this paper, we model the possible coalitions in the aircraft spares supply scenario and examine stable outcomes using the concept of core in cooperative game theory. Shapley value can be one way of utilising and sustaining the potential of this concept. The managerial implication includes this discipline forming the basis of contracting and negotiations.

Modelling coopetition in aircraft spare part supply chain: game-theoretic approach

Owing to constant pressure on the bottom line, companies have been forced to adopt a new relationship called 'coopetition', which is a combination of both 'cooperation' and 'competition'. Functionally, in supply chain this concept has been understood in a dyadic relationship and network relationship. This study considers specifically a coopetitive arrangement between two or more airlines for spares supply. In coopetition, players forge different types of coalitions as they share resources. In this paper, we model the possible coalitions in the aircraft spares supply scenario and examine stable outcomes using the concept of core in cooperative game theory. Shapley value can be one way of utilising and sustaining the potential of this concept. The managerial implication includes this discipline forming the basis of contracting and negotiations.

Talocalcaneal coalition: A focus on radiographic findings and sites of bridging.

Background:Verifying the exact location of talocalcaneal (TC) coalition is important for surgery, but the complicated anatomy of the subtalar joint makes it difficult to visualize on radiographs. No study has used computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to verify the radiological characteristics of TC coalition or those of different facet coalitions. Therefore, this study verified the radiological findings used to identify TC coalitions and those of different facet coalitions using CT and MRI.Materials and Methods:Plain with/without weight bearing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, CT, and MRI of 43 feet in 39 patients with TC coalitions were reviewed retrospectively. CT or MRI was used to verify the location of the TC coalition. Secondary signs for the presence of a coalition in the anteroposterior and lateral plain radiographs, including talar beak, humpback sign, duck-face sign, and typical or deformed C-sign, were evaluated. Three independent observers evaluated the radiographs twice at 6-week intervals to determine intraobserver reliability. They examined the radiographs for the secondary signs, listed above, and coalition involved facets.Results:The average rates from both assessments were as follows: Middle facet 5%, middle and posterior facets 27%, and posterior facet 68%. The deformed C-sign is more prevalent in posterior facet coalitions. The posterior facet has the highest prevalence of involvement in TC coalitions, and the deformed C-sign and duck-face sign have high correlations with TC coalitions in the posterior subtalar facet.Conclusion:A posterior facet is the most prevalent for TC coalition, and the C-sign is useful for determining all types of TC coalition.

Introduction: coalition politics and foreign policy

Multi-party coalitions are an increasingly common type of government across different political regimes and world regions. Since they are the locus of national foreign-policy-making, the dynamics of coalition government have significant implications for International Relations. Despite this growing significance, the foreign-policy-making of coalition governments is only partly understood. This symposium advances the study of coalition foreign policy in three closely related ways. First, it brings together in one place the state of the art in research on coalition foreign policy. Second, the symposium pushes the boundaries of our knowledge on four dimensions that are key to a comprehensive research agenda on coalition foreign policy: the foreign-policy outputs of multi-party coalitions; the process of foreign-policy-making in different types of coalitions; coalition foreign policy in the ‘Global South’; and coalition dynamics in non-democratic settings. Finally, the symposium puts forward promising avenues for further research by emphasising, for instance, the value of theory-guided comparative research that employs multi-method strategies and transcends the space of Western European parliamentary democracies.

Triquetrohamate Coalition with Lunotriquetral and Lunohamate Osteoarthritis

In this article a case of triquetrohamate synostosis with accompanying lunotriquetral and lunohamate osteoarthritis is presented. Triquetrohamate synostosis is a very unusual type of carpal coalition. Generally speaking, carpal coalition is a condition in which two or more carpal bones fail to segment during development, resulting in congenital fusion. The incidence in general population is around 0.13%, however this can be almost ten times higher among black people [1]. The most common coalition is lunotriquetral, representing nearly 90% of all carpal synostosis, followed by capito-hamate coalition with 5.6% of all cases [1]. In the English medical literature triquetrohamate coalition has been described associated to calcaneus-cuboid coalition [2] or to hereditary symphalangism [3, 4]. None of those authors reported concomitant lunotriquetral and lunohamate osteoarthritis. What makes this case also different is the absence of associated conditions particularly since coalition between the proximal and distal carpal rows is usually syndromic [5] Moreover, lunotriquetral osteoarthritis is relatively uncommon and mainly secondary to congenitally incomplete separation of both bones [6]

The Best of Times, the Worst of Times: Angela Merkel, the Grand Coalition, and “Majority Rule” in Germany

Angela Merkel has not only been repeatedly ranked “the world’s most powerful woman;” she is also the only German chancellor since 1949 to have successfully led her party to a “normal” victory after a full term heading a grand coalition from 2005-2009. Merkel’s ability to lead has been shaped by the dynamics of coalition politics, proportional representation, and German federalism. Perceived as a more successful leader under an exceptional grand coalition than under a typical CDU/CSU-FDP constellation, Merkel provides a one-woman-laboratory for comparing the impact of different coalition modes on the chancellor’s powers and limitations on her ability to rule. The study offers a two-level analysis, comparing Merkel’s performance atop a “gender balanced” Grand Coalition (2005-2009) with Hans- Georg Kiesinger’s maledominated Grand Coalition (1966-1969). It then contrasts leadership dilemmas confronting Merkel during her first term with those arising during her second chancellorship, 2009-2013. It urges scholars to “bring the institutions back in” when considering the skills female leaders must evince in order to manage divergent coalition types: grand coalition configurations may, in turn, require men to adopt leadership behaviors usually ascribed to women in order to prove effective cross-party managers.