Type Of Chips Research Articles

Machinability studies of Al–4Mg/in-situ MgAl2O4 nano composites: measurement of cutting forces and machined surface roughness

The present research aims to study the dry turning machinability characteristics of in situ Al-4Mg/MgAl2O4 nanocomposite by High-Speed Steel tool. The influence of various machining process parameters, such as feed rate, depth of cut and cutting speed on the surface roughness and cutting force of the nanocomposites was measured while performing dry turning. From the turning operation results, it is noticed that up to 100 m min−1, the cutting force increased and with further increases in cutting speed, the cutting force starts decreasing up to 150 m min−1. The type of chips and built-up edge (BUE) development were studied using a scanning electron microscope. BUE formations were higher at low cutting speeds (50 m min−1) and lower at high cutting speeds (150 m min−1). At a given depth of cut and feed rate, with an increase in cutting speed, the length of the chip and chip curls increased. Further, higher 2 wt% of in situ MgAl2O4 addition changes long-curled chips to segmental-type chips. With a feed rate of 0.14 mm/rev, the Al-4Mg/1 wt% MgAl2O4 nanocomposite showed the lowest surface roughness value of 2.4 μm proving usage of high speed steel can provide a better surface finish while turning Al-4Mg/MgAl2O4 nanocomposite.

53‐2: Mini LED Emissive Display Product with Pitch 0.5mm Based on MIP Chips

In this work, we design a new type of LED chips named MIP (Micro LED in package) chips which are composed of three or more sub‐pixel LED chips. Compared with traditional Micro LED chips, MIP can achieve EL measurement and high transfer yield. The structure and optical performance of MIP chips are demonstrated in this work. Moreover, based on MIP chips, we successfully made a Mini LED emissive display product with the pitch 0.5 mm. Such MIP chips provide a new choice for Mini LED display with small pixel pitch.

State-of-the-art review on the application of microfluidics in biogeotechnology

As a popular research direction in the interdisciplinary fields of bioengineering and geotechnical engineering, biogeotechnology shows the potential advantages in environmental friendliness, spontaneity, and low-carbon. More than 80% of soil microorganisms live in the micropores of geo-materials. The environment in the micropores has an impact on microbial activity, while the traditional geotechnical testing methods cannot achieve real-time analysis of microbial activity. In recent years, microfluidic techniques are gradually applied in biogeotechnology. It can visualize and manipulate microbial activity in micro and nano-scale microchannels, providing a controllable in-situ monitoring method for investigating the microscopic mechanisms of biogeotechnology. Microfluidic can simulate engineering environment by changing the type and function of microfluidic chips. This paper reviews the current development of microfluidic techniques in biogeotechnology, involving microbial behavior, reaction flow, and biomineralization. The aim is to reveal the significance of microfluidic techniques in studying the micro-mechanisms of biogeotechnology, providing evidence for macroscopic experiments and promoting the application of biogeotechnology in practice. Besides, the limitations of microfluidic techniques in biogeotechnology are summarized. The future development of microbial microfluidic platform is proposed. The paper also provides the guidelines of using microfluidic to study the microorganism activity in environmental science, energy science, and materials science.

One-pot synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbonized polymer dots with tunable emission for multicolor light-emitting diodes

Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) have highly potential application value in the field of optoelectronic devices due to their preferable stability, excellent optical properties and low cost. Here, the nitrogen-doped carbonized polymer dots (HNCDs) with self-quenching-resistant fluorescence were prepared via a simple solvothermal method with citric acid, urea and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as raw materials. The structure and optical properties of the HNCDs have been explored in detail by various contrast experiments. The results show that HEMA form the poly(HEMA) to modify on the surface of carbonized core, which can overcome the quenching effect of carbonized core. The nitrogen doping is crucial for the red shift emission of solid-state HNCDs. Furthermore, the HNCDs exhibit concentration-dependent emission and excellent compatibility with silicone sol, which lead to their emission red shifted from blue to red with increasing concentration. The HNCDs were further applied to construct the light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and the multicolor LEDs ranging from blue to red can be prepared by simply varying the type of chips and adjusting the concentration of HNCDs in encapsulating material.

Wi-Fi device identification based on multi-domain physical layer fingerprint

Physical layer fingerprinting is a promising solution for improving the security of Wi-Fi device in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios, as well as enhancing the usability of Wi-Fi-based applications such as user tracking, accountability, and computer forensics. The existing methods typically require the use of expensive signal analyzers to extract features, which is not conducive to practical engineering implementation and needs improvements in accuracy and speed for wireless devices with complex physical layer modulation. We propose a device fingerprinting technique that utilizes various multi-domain features extracted from the physical layer preamble. These features differ from the signal parts or feature types mostly used in previous works. Furthermore, the robustness of the selected features is evaluated in this paper. Using random forest model to identify the fingerprints, the experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed scheme can reach 98% for 15 different types of IoT Wi-Fi devices, and 90.76% for 10 network cards with the same type of chips.

On‐Chip Multiwavelength Single‐Mode Lasers with CdSe Nanoribbons‐Embedded Microcavities

Single-Mode Lasers In article number 2200367, Shaowei Wang and co-workers propose on-chip multi-wavelength single-mode lasers with CdSe nanoribbons embedded in microcavities. The number and wavelength of integrated lasers can be easily controlled by the thickness of the microcavities. It paves a way for new type of nanolaser chips which can be applied in integrated optics and other fields.

Effect of Pulp Modification and Pulp Mixing Ratio on Fold Crushing Resistance of High Bulk Paper

The demand of packaging paper has been increasing in order to maintain a sustainable environment through the more reliable recycling of the paper packaging. Since better mechanical properties of packaging paper can expand its range of applications, this study aimed to find a way to improve both fold crushing resistance and bulk properties, which are among the most important properties of packaging paper. The study investigated the effects of raw material conditions, such as the type, mixing ratio, and beating degree of pulp fibers, on the properties of high bulk paper. The results showed that the type of wood chips and pulping methods used had a significant impact on mechanical properties and resistance to cracking. Additionally, adding softwood pulp to appropriately beaten hardwood pulp could form a flexible paper structure while maintaining high bulk, thus improving fold crushing resistance.

ACCELERATED MATURATION OF WHEAT DISTILLATE

Background. Maturation, known as aging, is a method of improving the quality of spirit beverages (okovita, brandy) produced from raw (non-rectified) spirits. Traditionally, this process is carried out for at least several months in oak barrels. An alternative solution may be accelerated maturation using oak chips. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a dose and degree of oak chips toasting, as well as the temperature of maturation, on the physicochemical changes in the composition of wheat distillate. The raw material was a distillate from the Khorasan (Kamut) wheat cultivar, which was matured with natural and heavily toasted oak chips. To assess the physicochemical changes in the studied samples of the distillate, methods recommended in the spirit industry were used. Results and conclusions. The maturation of wheat distillate with oak chips caused an increase of the extract content and changes in the color of the distillate, which were correlated with the type and dose of chips, as well as the temperature and time of maturation. In the samples aged with toasted chips, a signifi cant increase in furfural concentration and a decrease in the content of 1-propanol, 2-methylpropanol and 1-butanol were noted in relation to the control sample. Comparing the impact of the type of chips on changes in the content of esters, it was found that the conditions which were more favorable for their synthesis existed in the presence of natural than heavily toasted chips. Moreover, the catalytic effect of the increased temperature of spirit maturation on the formation of esters was observed.

Increasing machinability by cutting workpieces of parts made of heat-resistant stainless steels by high-temperature embrittlement

Heat-resistant alloyed stainless steels are increasingly being used for critical machine parts. The limited scope of application of heat-resistant stainless steels is due to their high strength and toughness that make them difficult to machine, allowing these materials to be classified as difficult to machine. It is proposed to solve the problem of poor machinability by means of high-temperature embrittlement of material arising at achievement of a certain temperature interval in the machining zone. When high-temperature embrittlement phase appears, strength and toughness of heat-resistant stainless steels decrease, machinability of material improves, which is accompanied by reduction of cutting force and power consumption during machining, reduction of tool wear intensity and transformation of drain type of chips into element type.

A Comparative Machinability Study of SS 304 in Turning under Dry, New Micro-Jet, and Flood Cooling Lubrication Conditions

The main objective of this experimental investigation is to examine favourable machining conditions by utilising fewer resources of machining industries for the techno-economical and ecological benefits. The machining operations are performed in turning SS 304 using coated carbide tool inserts under dry, water-soluble cutting fluid solution in the form of flood cooling and small-quantity lubrication (SQL) conditions by employing a newly formed micro-jet for a comparative classical chips study and analysis. The machining experiments are conducted in turning by a 25 kW precision CNC lathe with a special arrangement of micro-jets into the machining zone. Machining speeds and feed rates are varied under dry, micro-jet, and flood cooling conditions and their effects are studied on the type of chips and their morphology, chip reduction coefficient (ξ), and chip shear plane distance (d). The effect of machining environments on tool health conditions (such as BUEs, tool-edge chipping, and edge breaking) is examined for the inferences. In the range of low-speed machining (less than 600 m/min), metal cutting seems easier in flood cooling conditions, but it imposes more unfavourable effects (such as edge chipping and edge breaking) on the ceramic cutting tool’s health. On the other hand, the dry machining condition shows a favourable performance for a ceramic cutting tool. The optimum machining condition is found in the micro-jet SQL by the analysis of experimental data and observation results for the tool and work combination. The analysis of the results is carried out by the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model is found to be more accurate than RSM. The aspects of effective green machining are emphasised.

Assessment of cutting performance and surface quality on turning pure polytetrafluoroethylene

Considering the excellent properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the demand for this material in semiconductor manufacturing equipment has been rapidly growing in recent years. PTFE parts with special shapes can be efficiently produced by mechanical cutting methods. The main objective of the present study is to conduct turning experiments to evaluate the cutting performance and surface quality of pure PTFE. In this regard, the mechanism of the chips’ formation, cutting temperature, and cutting force were analyzed to study the cutting behavior and cutting performance. Moreover, the subsurface damage of the finished surface was investigated to evaluate the surface quality. The obtained results show that the continuous type of chips was formed in all cutting conditions. When the cutting temperature varied in the range of 40.8–57.9 °C, the cutting force varied in the range of 2.3–25.2 N. The deepest subsurface damage layer was 123.17 μm when the cutting depth and the feed rate were set to 1.0 mm and 0.1 mm/r, respectively. Considering the chip formation, cutting temperature, cutting force, surface quality, and machining efficiency as the main affecting parameters, it is found that the ideal feed rate and cutting depth at the spindle speed of 800 r/min were 0.5 mm/r and 0.8 mm, respectively.

Chip formation processes based on orthogonal processing of polymer composite materials

This paper presents the results of the study of processes occurring in the cutting zone during the processing of polymer composite materials. The research included determining the effects of orthogonal cutting conditions, such as the cutting depth t and cutting rate v, on the tangential component Pz of the cutting force, the length lc of chips, as well as the vibration acceleration W, to clarify the results previously submitted to the scientific community and obtain new data. The study included 12 experiments for different cutting conditions with the cutting depth t varying in the range of 0.1—0.4 mm and the cutting rate — in the range of 6.7—30.2 m/min. The experimental results allowed to determine a range of cutting rates that lead to a low level of elastic deformations of reinforcing fibers. Based on the dynamics of increasing cutting forces in various cutting conditions, tool cutting edge wear, type and length of chips, as well as the vibration acceleration dynamics, we have found that reinforcing composite material fibers accumulate on the tool cutting edge, while elastic fracture of these fibers causes defect formation on the processed surface. The analysis allows giving recommendations on the need for research in the field of abrasive machining with rigid grinding wheels due to the highest hardness of the cutting tool surface, increased machining speed and the possibility of self-sharpening during tool wear.

Effect of Thermally Formed Alumina on Density of AlMgSi Alloys Extrudate Recycled Via Solid State Technique

Solid state recycling of aluminium via hot extrusion is a sustainable technique. The process performed before hot extrusion plays a vital role on the extrudate properties. In this study, the effect of naturally and thermally formed in-situ alumina on the extrudate density were investigated. Fours type of material identified as a solid as-received, non-treated recycle chip, 300 0C thermally treated recycle chip and 500 0C thermally treated recycle chip were prepared for the experiment. Prior to extrusion, the recycle chips were compacted into a chip-based billet, preheated and immediately extruded into a semi-finished product. The density test performed on the chip-based extrudate found that the type of chips influenced the density. The chip-based extrudate made of 300 0C and 500 0C thermally treated chips resulted in higher density than solid as-received and non-treated chips. Chip-based extrudate produced from 500 0C thermally treated chips resulted in density of 2724 kg/m3, which is the highest among the specimen. This density value was 0.7 % higher compared to the solid as-received extrudate. Microstructure examination on the cross-section revealed the alumina entrapped in the chip-based extrudate. The alumina entrapped in 500 0C thermally treated chips specimen was more prone than the non-treated and 300 0C thermally-treated chips. This finding explains the variation in the extrudate density.

New Type of Thermoelectric CdSSe Nanowire Chip.

Facing the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution and energy waste, the thermoelectric generator has been attracting more and more attention owing to its advantages including low cost, no pollution, and good stability. The family of thermoelectric material is constantly extended with enhanced performance. Note that nanostructuring can enhance thermoelectric performance. However, the most recent excellent material with effective thermoelectric transformation reported from bulk materials has definite benefits to the practical application compared to nanomaterials. In this work, a nanostructure integrated macroscale thermoelectric chip, that is an alloyed band gap gradient macroscale chip (1.0 cm × 2.0 cm) composed of CdSSe nanowires, has been proven as an excellent thermoelectric generator for the first time. A high Seebeck coefficient of -152.4 μV/K and the average output voltage of 10.8 mV are obtained after optimizing the electrode patterns and distance between electrodes. More interestingly, upon illumination by white light from a xenon lamp, a photo-thermoelectric output voltage is greatly elevated to 45 mV due to the high concentration of photogenerated carriers. The CdSSe thermoelectric chip also shows good repeatability and high stability with a relative error of <6%. No study on the thermoelectric performance of such an alloyed band gap gradient macroscale chip is mentioned before. The results illustrate a bright avenue to realize a type of light-modulated macroscale thermoelectric chips by nanostructure, allowing such kinds of CdSSe chips to be used to generate electric energy in the near future.

Solid state processing of titanium chips by an unconventional plastic working

Abstract The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how various titanium chips can be processed into solid bulk materials in the form of rods. In this work, an alternative technology for recycling chips without re-melting is presented. In order to transform chips into a new material, an unconventional plastic working method was applied that involved upsetting, heating and extrusion with a rotating die. Two purities of pure titanium were investigated: Ti Grade4 (the lowest possible purity) and high-purity Ti 99.99 (the highest possible purity). For each of these materials, four geometries of chips were processed, i.e. chips after turning (thin and coarse) and chips after milling (thin and coarse). In this paper, the influence of chip purity and chip geometry on the course and effects of the processing were investigated. In addition, technological aspects such as extrusion force and die wear were analyzed. Independent of the type of chips, the results obtained have proved the efficiency and utility of the applied method. As a result of this processing, solid, bulk products in the form of rods O8 mm in diameter were successfully obtained. The rods were nearly fully consolidated, and their density was practically the same as the density of commercial titanium. The materials obtained exhibited conventional, grained structures. It was also shown that the materials obtained were free from significant structural defects such as porosity and impurities. Additional confirmation of their proper structure and purity was provided by the correct results of hardness (~200 HV10, Ti Gr4, and, ~100 HV10, Ti hp).

Olfactometric and sensory evaluation of red wines subjected to ultrasound or microwaves during their maceration or ageing stages

In the present work, we have studied the effect that some extraction techniques, such as ultrasound or microwaves, produce on the aroma of red wines, when applied to processes of extractive nature, such as pre-fermentative maceration or ageing with oak chips (Spanish oak – Quercus pyrenaica and French oak – Quercus robur). The volatile profile has been studied by means of gas chromatography coupled with olfactometric and mass spectrometric detection. Sensory analysis of all the wines produced has also been conducted. Although no indications were found to show that the pre-fermentative treatment with microwaves or ultrasound modified the sensory profile of the wines, the application of such energies during the ageing phase showed some positive trends at sensory level, also confirmed by the olfactometric measurements. The application of ultrasound during the ageing of the wines resulted in a greater contribution of red fruits, aromatic intensity and wood than that obtained through microwaves. Regarding the type of oak chips, Spanish oak provided more volatile compounds than French oak and with a lower proportion of undesirable aromas. At the sensory level, Spanish oak also showed greater aromatic intensity and higher values for the wood descriptor, being preferred by the panel of judges.

Rapid Authentication of Potato Chip Oil by Vibrational Spectroscopy Combined with Pattern Recognition Analysis.

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid technique to authenticate potato chip frying oils using vibrational spectroscopy signatures in combination with pattern recognition analysis. Potato chip samples (n = 118) were collected from local grocery stores, and the oil was extracted by a hydraulic press and characterized by fatty acid profile determined by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Spectral data was collected by a handheld Raman system (1064 nm) and a miniature near-infrared (NIR) sensor, further being analyzed by SIMCA (Soft Independent Model of Class Analogies) and PLSR (Partial Least Square Regression) to develop classification algorithms and predict the fatty acid profile. Supervised classification by SIMCA predicted the samples with a 100% sensitivity based on the validation data. The PLSR showed a strong correlation (Rval > 0.97) and a low standard error of prediction (SEP = 1.08–3.55%) for palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. 11% of potato chips (n = 13) indicated a single oil in the label with a mislabeling problem. Our data supported that the new generation of portable vibrational spectroscopy devices provided an effective tool for rapid in-situ identification of oil type of potato chips in the market and for surveillance of accurate labeling of the products.

MEMAKSIMALKAN KEUNTUNGAN HARIAN PADA INDUSTRI RUMAHAN “NANDA JAYA” DENGAN PENERAPAN METODE SIMPLEKS

The home industry "Nanda Jaya" produces banana chips, cassava chips and tempe chips daily. From preliminary observations, information is obtained that in determining the composition of the number of units for each type of chips produced, and determining the selling price of the product per unit, is carried out on the basis of experience while running the business, so there is no optimal way to determine it. With this condition, the company's profit needs to be reviewed whether it is optimal or not. The purpose of this research is to determine the number of production units of each type of chips, in order to obtain maximum profit and also determine the efficiency that occurs in the utilization of cost and time resources. Data collection was carried out by observation and interviews. The mathematical model of the research problem is a linear program problem with three variables that can be solved by the simplex method. From the results of data analysis, it was concluded that in order to obtain maximum profit, the company had to produce 74 units of Banana Chips, 161 units of Cassava Chips and Tempe Chips not to be produced. Maximum profit is Rp. 285,387, - (previously Rp. 247,000, -), Production Capital was reduced to Rp. 889,613, - (previously Rp. 928,000, -), while the total available time was used up.

Digital twin of the chip formation process

The formation of chips during the processing of various materials was studied. The relationship between the type of chips, the type of crystal lattice of the material and the number of sliding systems is shown. A neural network model of chip formation is developed, which allows predicting the type of chips. An intelligent control system for the process of chip formation during cutting is proposed. Keywords: chip formation, crystal lattice, neural network model, type of chips. uru.40@mail.ru

Turning of Thermoplastics Using Ceramic Cutting Tools

The question of evaluating the efficiency of turning polymer materials using cutting ceramics is examined. It is proved experimentally that turning caprolon and fluoroplastic using a cutting plate made from KNT16 cermet gives a higher-quality machined surface. This is attested by the lower values of the roughness metrics and type of chips as compared with turning using VK8 tungsten-cobalt alloy.