Types Of Assets Research Articles

Investment styles of islamic equity funds

We investigate the dynamics of investment styles of Islamic equity funds (IEFs), mainly through portfolio holdings. We rely on an unbiased survivorship sample of 224 active portfolios domiciled in 22 countries from 2004 to 2018 to shed new light on style concentration. IEFs are overwhelmingly skewed initially to value stocks in Islamic countries and growth stocks in non-Islamic countries. We find a subsequent shift from these styles to a more blended approach. Investments in Islamic countries shift from mid-cap to large-cap stocks, while those in non-Islamic countries remain in extremely large-cap stocks. The propensity of style shift is larger in asset type than in asset size. The style drift analyses show that most IEFs drift in style, with a more aggressive drift in Islamic countries than in their non-Islamic counterparts. They are more likely to alter their portfolio exposure in the sight of adverse outcomes. Implications of our results for faith-based investors and regulators are identified in the study.

Measuring livelihood resilience of farmers and diagnosing obstacle factors under the impact of COVID-19 in Jiangsu Province, China

Research on livelihood resilience not only helps to understand the adverse impact of COVID-19 on farmers' livelihoods, but also helps to formulate concrete actions to enhance the resilience of farmers' livelihoods and support economic recovery. Taking rural residents in Jiangsu Province of China as an example, this paper uses one-way ANOVA, entropy method and obstacle degree models to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of livelihood resilience of different types of farmers and the main obstacle factors. The main findings are as follows: (1) Both laboring type and part-time type farmers together accounted for 75.98% of the survey sample, and the non-agricultural phenomenon of farming households in Jiangsu Province is obvious; There are significant differences in livelihood characteristics among different types of farmers, with relatively high livelihood capital for planting and breeding type farmers and relatively low livelihood capital for asset and subsidy type farmers. (2) The livelihood resilience of farmers in Jiangsu Province from high to low is breeding type farmers (0.501), planting type farmers (0.493), laboring type farmers (0.465), part-time type farmers (0.455), subsidy type farmers (0.400), asset type farmers (0.389). (3) In the diagnosis of barrier factors of livelihood resilience, buffer ability disorder is the most obvious, learning ability disorder is the second, and self-organization ability disorder is the last; Among the specific factors, the most important obstacle factors for planting, breeding and asset type farmers are the number of productive assets, the number of agricultural technical services for laboring type farmers, the number of channels for obtaining information for part-time type farmers, and the family labor income for subsidy type farmers. Therefore, it is recommended that policies be improved in the post-epidemic era in terms of raising farmers' livelihood capital, developing knowledge and skills for learning, and enhancing organizational awareness.

Advanced Directions for the Financial Sovereignty Formation within the Framework of the Great Eurasian Partnership

The new conditions for the implementation of economic activity at the national and international levels require the accelerated formation of sovereignty in critical areas, one of which is financial. The formation of full-fledged financial sovereignty is relevant for all states of Greater Eurasia, and therefore it is advisable to implement this task through joint and coordinated efforts within the framework of a broad Eurasian partnership.Aim. Find out the most promising areas for the formation of financial sovereignty within the framework of a large Eurasian partnership.Methods. A comprehensive analysis of the causes and conditions for the dependence of national economies on external financial systems, a comparative analysis of the factors of Western components dominance in the global financial architecture.Results. The main directions of the formation of the financial sovereignty for the countries of Greater Eurasia on the basis of increasing the level of independence of national financial systems from the Western infrastructure of the financial sector are identified. The most promising methods for achieving this goal are proposed based on the creation of new types of reserve assets within the framework of a large Eurasian partnership, which are an alternative to debt obligations of the United States and European countries, as well as the formation of an integrated system for financial instruments trading by the countries of Greater Eurasia.Conclusions. The growing economic confront ation between the West and a number of the largest economies of Greater Eurasia is extremely relevant to the problem of the formation of real financial sovereignty, the achievement of which requires new approaches, the creation of a number of specialized institutions and large-scale cooperation between the leading economic centers of the continent in order to deepen the integration of national financial systems and markets.

Impact of Asset Diversification on the Profitability of Commercial Banks in Tanzania: A Case of Large Banks in Tanzania

Purpose: The study was conducted to examine the Impact of asset diversification on the profitability of selected large commercial banks in Tanzania. Specifically the study intended to examine the customer loans impact on the profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania, examine the bank assurance impact on the profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania and examine investment in Government securities' impact on the profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania.
 Methodology: This study uses secondary data sources, mainly from annual reports of listed banks, financial reports in newspapers, and data from the Bank of Tanzania regarding the performance of the banking industry. The variables that were used include bank loan, bank assurance, inflation GDP and government. Data was analyzed using descriptive research design whereby Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used.
 Findings: The study revealed that customers loan (p=.0418), investments in government securities (p= .0399), and Bank assurance (p=.0348) were significant in predicting the financial performance of commercial banks since all the p values were less than 0.05. Control variables were able to explain the results, Core capital to RWA (p=.0318), asset size (p=.0255), Liquid assets to total assets (p=.0203), Inflation rate (p=.0219), and GDP growth (p=.0273) significant as they were below 0.05. The study conclude that Asset diversifications have a significant relationship with the performance of commercial banks. 
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study used portfolio Diversification theory. The study period, spanning from 2015 to 2020, witnessed a notable positive impact of bank assurance, customer loans and investment in Government securities on the performance of commercial banks. The demand for this asset type highly during this period, creating an active market that contributed to enhanced returns. The study recommended the need for collaboration by all stakeholders in the financial sector to review the regulations and establish a framework that supports the implementation of new asset development.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДИНАМІКИ КАПІТАЛЬНИХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ ЗА ВИДАМИ АКТИВІВ НА ЗАКАРПАТТІ

The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of capital investments by types of assets in the Transcarpathian region for the period 2010-2021. Given that foreign trade is a key factor in the development of the country's economy, capital investment is one of the main engines of economicdevelopment in Transcarpathia. They contribute to the modernization of infrastructure, the development of industry, the agricultural sector, tourism, energy, education and science, as well as the improvement of social infrastructure. Thanks to capital investments, productivity is achieved, new jobs are created, the quality of life of the population increases and long-term economic sustainability of the region is ensured. The article indicates the importance of capital investments for the economy of Transcarpathia in several main areas: modernization of infrastructure, development of industry, agriculture, tourism and recreation, energy, education and science, social infrastructure. In modern conditions, when the region needs all the largest capital investments, it is important to analyze their dynamics not only by volume, but also by types of assets. Such an analysis allows us to determine the key trends of capital investment in the Transcarpathian region The article analyzes the dynamics of capital investments in the Transcarpathian region for the past 2010-2021, and analyzes the dynamics of capital investment growth over the period under study. It was concluded that the largest capital investment was made in 2019 and 2021, the amount was UAH 9,330,284 thousand. and UAH 9,184,293 thousand. in accordance. The smallest amounts of capital investments were made in 2010, 2013 and 2014, which amounted to UAH 2,205,374 thousand, UAH 2,645,793 thousand. and UAH 2,638,670 thousand. in accordance. The article analyzes the specific weight of investments in tangible and intangible assets to the total volume of capital investments in Zakarpattia region. It was established that the growth dynamics of investments in material assets of Zakarpattia Oblast in 2010-2021 had a stable nature and amounted to approximately 0.02% every year. Regarding the dynamics of changes in investments in intangible assets of Zakarpattia Oblast, certain changes also occurred during the studied period. The largest increase in investment in intangible assets was in 2018 and 2021, which amounted to 1.1% in these years, and the lowest value of the increase occurred in 2019 and amounted to 0.2%. It is obvious that the volume of capital investments in Zakarpattia region by types of assets testifies to the high value of capital investments for the economy of both the region and the whole of Ukraine.

Proposal of an innovative model for fire prevention assessment in Cultural Heritage Protection. Research study in Italy

The complexity of cultural heritage has often led to the belief that fire safety regulations enacted for civil constructions could be derogated due to their invasiveness in relation to the artistic peculiarities of historical assets. In many cases, the lack of effective interventions has resulted in the loss of significant historical and architectural assets, destroyed by fires over the centuries. This research aims to reconcile the regulatory parameters of fire prevention with the fundamental principles of restoration and conservation, following a performance-based approach. Building upon the Italian regulatory framework, this study develops an integrated method that adheres to both the parameters of the “Vertical Technical Rule” on historical buildings and the conservation cases associated with them. The proposed model is the result of a multiparametric evaluation based on the intersection of 3 objectives, 7 sub-objectives, and 10 strategies, defining 70 actions based on the main objective to be pursued. The methodology was applied to two case studies in Southern Italy. The results demonstrate that it is possible to ensure fire safety while preserving the unique characteristics of historical buildings through minimally invasive interventions. Furthermore, the results, which are almost identical between the two case studies, demonstrate that the methodology is applicable to each type of protected asset, including museums or galleries, buildings for exhibitions or shows, libraries, and archives, and historical churches.

Effect of Working Capital, Debt Maturity, Sales, and Tangibility on Investment Efficiency

The research objective is to analyze variables such as working capital, debt maturity, sales and tangibility that affect investment efficiency. Investment is the activity of placing funds in one or more types of assets for a certain period to earn income. Factors that reflect company performance are the financial statements presented in the annual report. Underinvestment occurs when an investment company requires the use of large amounts of debt. Companies with overinvestment are companies that are in the mature stage with slow growth rates, and high cash flow. In this study the approach used is using quantitative methods. Then analyzed partial and multiple regression. The data used is secondary data. The independent variables used are working capital, debt maturity, sales, and tangibility. The dependent variable used is investment efficiency. The targeted output is to analyze whether the variables of working capital, debt maturity, sales and tangibility affect investment efficiency, so that with this research it is hoped that investment can be efficient.

Differences in carbon risk spillovers with green versus traditional assets: Evidence from a full distributional analysis

This paper studies the dynamic risk spillover of carbon and financial markets through a quantile-based framework. Potential asymmetry of the cross-market spillover is examined from the perspectives of the data distribution, differences in financial asset types, and pre and post periods of the COVID-19 pandemic onset. Using an international daily dataset covering the recent decade, our empirical analysis offers supportive evidence of established theoretical expectations. The empirical results demonstrate a unidirectional risk spillover from the carbon market to both traditional and green asset markets. The spillover is weakly positive under various market conditions, indicating a consistent diversification gain of carbon commodities against financial assets. Carbon's sheltering role is further enhanced as a hedge for green assets, in particular conditions when the risk levels of carbon and green markets are high and low, respectively. In addition, the onset of the pandemic is found to strengthen cross-market risk spillovers.

The Impact of Individual Heterogeneity on Household Asset Choice: An Empirical Study Based on China Family Panel Studies

In China’s evolving market economy, household asset diversification and refinement have raised concerns about asset selection and rationalization for financial market development. Our research investigates the impact of individual heterogeneity factors, such as the “Big Three” personality traits and cognitive abilities, on household asset allocation behaviors, expanding upon the traditional focus on risky financial assets and the “Big Five” personality traits. We utilize data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies and employ logistic and hurdle models to examine the breadth of household asset holdings. We utilize two-part models to explore the depth of household asset holdings. Our findings reveal the impact of different personality traits and cognitive abilities on the depth and breadth of different household assets. This study offers a more comprehensive understanding of household asset selection by considering various asset types and individual heterogeneity factors.

Implementing asset information requirement templates for corporate real estate management: A study in the chemical industry

Research on building information modelling (BIM) for corporate real estate management (CREM) in the chemical industry remains limited. This is largely due to a lack of documents supporting BIM adoption and implementation. The present study identifies, compares, and applies different approaches to the definition of asset information requirements (AIR) templates for facility services in the chemical industry. It subsequently translates the results into recommendations for AIR template implementation and formalises them into implementation steps. The results indicate that process diagrams are an expedient approach to the definition of AIR templates. Recommendations for their implementation concern information management software, static data prioritisation, accuracy limitations, asset types and sub-types, and stakeholder involvement. The present study contributes to the body of knowledge by identifying an expedient approach to the definition of AIR templates, providing AIR for four BIM Uses, and proposing an AIR template implementation framework for CREM in the chemical industry.

Enterprise DNS Asset Mapping and Cyber-Health Tracking via Passive Traffic Analysis

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical service that enables domain names to be converted to IP addresses (or vice versa); consequently, it is generally permitted through enterprise security systems (e.g., firewalls) with little restriction. This has exposed organizational networks to DDoS, exfiltration, and reflection attacks, inflicting significant financial and reputational damage. Large organizations with loosely federated IT departments (e.g., Universities and Research Institutes) often do not even fully aware of all their DNS assets and vulnerabilities, let alone the attack surface they expose to the outside world. In this paper, we address the "DNS blind spot" by developing methods to passively analyze live DNS traffic, identify organizational DNS assets, and monitor their health on a continuous basis. Our contributions are threefold. First, we perform a comprehensive analysis of all DNS traffic in two large organizations (a University Campus and a Government Research Institute) for over a month, and identify key behavioral profiles for various asset types such as recursive resolvers, authoritative name servers, and mixed DNS servers. Second, we develop an unsupervised clustering method that classifies enterprise DNS assets using the behavioral attributes identified, and demonstrate that our method successfully classifies over 100 DNS assets across the two organizations. Third, our method continuously tracks various health metrics across the organizational DNS assets and identifies several instances of improper configuration, data exfiltration, DDoS, and reflection attacks. We believe the passive analysis methods in this paper can help enterprises monitor organizational DNS health in an automated and risk-free manner.

A Conceptual Model for Evaluating Digital Intellectual Assets

The object of the study is the valuation and commercialization of digital intellectual assets. The subject of the study is a conceptual model for assessing the value of digital intellectual assets, reflecting the regulatory framework, objects, subjects, principles, approaches and methods of evaluation involved in civil turnover. The relevance of the study is related to the development of the digital economy and emerging new types of digital assets, including digital intellectual assets, which require their identification and the formation of a theoretical and methodological basis for valuation. The purpose of the study is to build a conceptual model for estimating the value of digital intellectual assets for subsequent commercialization with consideration of the identified identification characteristics, substantiated principles, factors, approaches and methodological tools. The methods of comparative analysis, generalization, classification, logical, semantic and functional modeling, cost estimation are used in the paper. The trends of digitalization of the economy are analyzed, the identification features of digital intellectual assets are determined based on the study of the concepts of “digital asset”, “intellectual asset”, “object of valuation”. A semantic model of the valuation of digital intellectual assets is proposed, illustrating the relationship of its conceptual elements. A process-functional model for estimating the value of digital intellectual assets in IDEF0 notation is constructed. It is concluded that digital intellectual assets as objects of valuation in the conditions of the current regulatory regulation are: 1) the results of intellectual activity created with the use of digital technologies, for which digital rights are fixed in the information system in the form of NFT tokens; 2) digital rights to use intellectual property objects that exist in digital or other forms. Their cost can be determined by the method of analogues, the method of discounted cash flows or the cost of creation method, depending on the purpose of the assessment, the identified factors and taking into account the principles of evaluation.

Adaptive vulnerability-based risk identification software with virtualization functions for dynamic management

Over the years, risk management has become increasingly important for all companies, varying from large, medium-sized to micro-enterprises. The growing increase in cyber threats and the costs they cause has forced companies to consider new types of risks. This problem mainly affects medium, small, and micro-enterprises because of their limited resources or because they do not have sufficient technological knowledge. For this reason, this article studies different frameworks associated with risk management in different business areas. In addition, an open-source, automatic (plug and play) solution is proposed, which uses few resources thanks to virtualization through containerization. It takes care of identifying wired and wireless network devices. It generates a risk report with qualitative and quantitative values by reassessing the risk over time and provides mitigation if possible. Finally, a proof of concept was generated using a simulation of a medium-sized enterprise with various types of assets. As a result, we explored over 20 business days how network devices were detected and assessed without interacting with the framework, except to collect the results. It also showed how the risks evolve and increases if not addressed by the organization.

Research on Asset Chain Pricing under Asymmetric Information

This paper investigates the asset pricing problem in the context of asymmetric information, focusing on the asset chain, and derives an expression for equilibrium asset prices. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of how information asymmetry affects asset prices and can be used to inform investment decisions in markets with asymmetric information. Future research could explore the implications of these results for other types of assets or for different market conditions. Moreover, policymakers and regulators could also use these findings to design better disclosure requirements and improve market transparency, which could ultimately benefit investors and promote market efficiency. It is essential to continue investigating the impact of information asymmetry on asset prices to develop a more comprehensive understanding of financial markets. Using this equilibrium price expression, the author demonstrates that asset chain-based pricing can help mitigate the volatility of the equilibrium price. This finding could have significant implications for investors and policymakers seeking to stabilize asset prices in volatile markets. Further research could also investigate the practical applications of this pricing model in real-world investment scenarios. The study sheds light on the role of asymmetric information in asset pricing and highlights the potential benefits of asset chain-based pricing.

Volunteering on Heritage at Risk sites and wellbeing: A qualitative interview study.

We explored experiences of volunteering in Heritage at Risk (HAR) projects, intended to mitigate the deterioration to historic assets, and the relationship with wellbeing. We aimed to understand the value of HAR to volunteers' wellbeing and relationships between HAR programme characteristics such as location, asset type and type of activity. We used a qualitative design with semi-structured interviews of a purposive sample of volunteers recruited via Historic England (HE), employing Systematic Grounded Theory involving open, axial and selective coding. We interviewed 35 volunteers (18 male and 17 female) participating in 10 HAR projects. We identified six themes from the data analysis. (1) Purpose-was associated with volunteering motivations; there were some barriers to volunteering and many types of facilitators, including accessibility to local heritage sites. (2) Being-volunteers showed an appreciation and attachment to their place of residence. (3) Capacity-to learn heritage-specific skills and diversify experiences in learning new skills (life, technical and personal). (4) Sharing-community engagement, connectedness, and inclusivity captured diversity and inclusion within volunteers across age, ethnicity, ability, and gender. (5) Self-nurture-HAR volunteering created physical, psychological, and social benefits with limited risks and adverse outcomes. (6) Self-actualisation-described volunteers reflecting on their experiences. HAR volunteering was associated with positive physical, social and psychological wellbeing outcomes. The study provides an evidence base for specific wellbeing benefits of volunteeringat Heritage at Risk sites, although we could not conclude that HAR project activity was the cause of increased wellbeing. Staff from HE were involved in designing the project brief. In selecting the HAR project sites, we took advice and recommendations from HE staff across all their six regional offices.

DAMPAK ARUS KAS OPERASI, LABA AKUNTANSI, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2020-2022

Investment is the act of investing money or capital in one or more types of assets for a limited period for the purpose of achieving income or increasing value, which is commonly referred to as Stock Return. Stock Return is the return effect of investment. This study aims to determine the effect of operating cash flow, accounting profit, and company size on stock returns. The research design uses causal research. The population and sample for this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020 – 2022. The data collection technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) and data analysis using Multiple Linear Regression analysis. The results of the study prove that accounting profit has no significant effect on stock returns, while operating cash flow and company size have no significant effect on stock returns. The magnitude of the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable is 12.4%.

Reform of Corruption Criminal Law: a Study of Corruptor Asset Application Law in Indonesia

The development of a new criminal law system in Indonesia still aims to reveal the crimes committed, find the perpetrators, and punish them with criminal sanctions, especially "corporate punishment", which includes imprisonment and the death penalty. Meanwhile, the issue of international law development, such as the issue of confiscation of proceeds of crime and tools of crime2, has not become an important component in the Indonesian criminal law system. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the reform of corruption criminal law can be carried out, especially in terms of asset forfeiture of corruptors. The research method used is normative research with a legal approach and conceptual approach. The reform of corruption criminal law must provide a clear definition of asset forfeiture of corruptors. The definition must include various types of assets, both tangible and intangible, which are illegally obtained through acts of corruption. The research method used is normative research with a legal approach and conceptual approach. The results of the discussion show that the reform of corruption criminal law regarding the seizure of corrupt assets can strengthen corruption eradication efforts and improve the existing seizure mechanism. The legal reforms carried out include Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption (PTPK Law); Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering Crimes (TPPU Law); Presidential Instruction Number 3 of 2018 concerning Increasing the Role and Optimizing Community Participation in Corruption Eradication; Government Regulation Number 13 of 2021 concerning Procedures for Forfeiture of Corruption Proceeds.

Where do tourism tokens travel to and from?

ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the sources of spillovers affecting tourism tokens and classify the type of assets to which they correspond. Using daily data for different asset classes from June 2018 through November 2022, we employ a TVP-VAR methodology to test the connectedness between two tourism tokens, two leading travel equity indices, and the two dominant cryptocurrencies, namely, Bitcoin and Ethereum. The findings show that tourism tokens are relatively independent of fluctuations in the traditional sources affecting the travel and leisure sector, such as the U.S. dollar, the price of oil, or travel equity indices. These results hint that tourism tokens are more closely related to cryptocurrencies rather than pure travel goods. The results may help decision-makers in the travel and hospitality industries considering the use of tourism tokens identify the potential forces impacting them.

Exploiting satellite SAR for archaeological prospection and heritage site protection

ABSTRACT Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing has a long history of use and reached a good level of maturity in archaeological and cultural heritage applications, yet further advances are viable through the exploitation of novel sensor data and imaging modes, big data and high-performance computing, advanced and automated analysis methods. This paper showcases the main research avenues in this field, with a focus on archaeological prospection and heritage site protection. Six demonstration use-cases with a wealth of heritage asset types (e.g. excavated and still buried archaeological features, standing monuments, natural reserves, burial mounds, paleo-channels) and respective scientific research objectives are presented: the Ostia-Portus area and the wider Province of Rome (Italy), the city of Wuhan and the Jiuzhaigou National Park (China), and the Siberian “Valley of the Kings” (Russia). Input data encompass both archive and newly tasked medium to very high-resolution imagery acquired over the last decade from satellite (e.g. Copernicus Sentinels and ESA Third Party Missions) and aerial (e.g. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, UAV) platforms, as well as field-based evidence and ground truth, auxiliary topographic data, Digital Elevation Models (DEM), and monitoring data from geodetic campaigns and networks. The novel results achieved for the use-cases contribute to the discussion on the advantages and limitations of optical and SAR-based archaeological and heritage applications aimed to detect buried and sub-surface archaeological assets across rural and semi-vegetated landscapes, identify threats to cultural heritage assets due to ground instability and urban development in large metropolises, and monitor post-disaster impacts in natural reserves.

Areas of Assessment and Regional Differences in the Volume and Qualitative Structure of the Housing Market in Russia

Residential real estate is one of the most important types of assets, the lack of which becomes impossible the existence and development of the economy. For an entire sector of households, dwellings are not only a source of livelihood, but also determine the cost of living. Moreover, in the 2008 SNA Manual the production of housing services by homeowners for their own consumption is included in the production boundary (as in earlier versions of the UN SNA). This once again emphasizes the importance of studying the housing stock as the most important basis for the real estate market. In addition, the volume, dynamics and structure of the housing stock in various areas of classification is an important factor in the formation of the real estate market, its object-by-object basis, as well as the development of the activities of the subjects of this market. The above considerations determined the relevance of studying the composition and structure of the housing stock of the Russian Federation, including regional differences in the housing stock in the context of a complex of classification features.