Two-way Process Research Articles

Death and Digital Immortality: Hi-Tech Grief

The study focuses on the issue of commemorative practiсe transformation as a result of digital technology development. The human has been using different means of interaction with the dead in order to receive answers, knowledge, and protection for thousands of years. A modern human needs it as well that leads to the demand for the development of digital technology in commemoration and grief. There is an important aspect related to the commemoration of and respect to the dead that is evidenced by building memorials and preserving their possessions and stories about them. In digitalization, we can see it in the interaction with digital footprints and digital avatars that demonstrate the activity of the human in the virtual space. In spite of increasing demand for interaction with the dead, this contact may bring not only nostalgic feelings or relief but also cause suspiciousness, fear and anxiety, postpone and extend grieving. Detabooing of the subject of death, its more active discussion and availability of information do not always help the human start thinking about their own death leaving the feeling of death anxiety for Another. At the same time, there is a two-way process: information in the virtual space about real deaths, especially detailed one, makes them an unreal narration. A digital avatar of the dead is also awarded with dichotomic features: it is both alive and dead, developing or created with no participation of a certain person (the dead). After death, digital footprints do not belong to them; they become «digital heritage» for the close ones and public that may cause «resurrection» in the virtual space, even if there was no consent to distribute information. As a result, the digital avatar of the dead can be used both to endure grief and manipulate in order to swindle money, involve in destructive communities or lead to suicide.

Synergy between AI and Optical Metasurfaces: A Critical Overview of Recent Advances

The interplay between two paradigms, artificial intelligence (AI) and optical metasurfaces, nowadays appears obvious and unavoidable. AI is permeating literally all facets of human activity, from science and arts to everyday life. On the other hand, optical metasurfaces offer diverse and sophisticated multifunctionalities, many of which appeared impossible only a short time ago. The use of AI for optimization is a general approach that has become ubiquitous. However, here we are witnessing a two-way process—AI is improving metasurfaces but some metasurfaces are also improving AI. AI helps design, analyze and utilize metasurfaces, while metasurfaces ensure the creation of all-optical AI chips. This ensures positive feedback where each of the two enhances the other one: this may well be a revolution in the making. A vast number of publications already cover either the first or the second direction; only a modest number includes both. This is an attempt to make a reader-friendly critical overview of this emerging synergy. It first succinctly reviews the research trends, stressing the most recent findings. Then, it considers possible future developments and challenges. The author hopes that this broad interdisciplinary overview will be useful both to dedicated experts and a general scholarly audience.

How carers' needs can be met by staff within inpatient settings: a qualitative study

Background/Aims Inpatient admissions can increase carer stress rather than provide respite. The aim of this study was to gain carers' perspectives about how their needs can be met during an inpatient admission. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 carers whose relatives had been admitted to inpatient care at least once. Interviews were analysed thematically. Results Carers described a fear of relinquishing responsibility for care, which was exacerbated by concerns about the quality of care provided by staff. Better experiences were possible when carers were given information, ranging from generic information about symptoms or how the mental health system works, information about patients' needs and carer support systems. Conclusions Communication is key and needs to be a two-way process, with carers and staff learning from each other to support patients. Implications for practice Inpatient staff need training in carer involvement, including ways of engaging carers when patients do not give consent to information sharing.

Covid-19 and managing urban marginality in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

The paper contends that the covid-19 pandemic has reconfigured how cities manage urban marginality within Zimbabwe. The pandemic enabled cities to push everyday mundane practices away from the centre of the city to the margins of the cities through securitisation and criminalising informal activities within the centre. The paper's methodological underpinnings are hinged on a six month ethnography within Bulawayo (Zimbabwe's second largest city). The paper maintains the view that managing urban marginality in the context of covid-19 must be framed within the binary of two opposing forces – governing institutions (the government and municipality) and the low-income residents. Using covid-19 as a pretext of “curbing the pandemic” governing institutions have pushed informal economic activities from the centre through employing law and force; on the other hand low-income residents have found eclectic means to counteract the measures imposed to constrain their agency. Finally, the paper suggests that covid-19 has reconfigured how cities manage urban marginality through pushing everyday informal practices to the periphery and how the low-income residents deploy their agency to counteract confinement hence managing urban marginality can be understood as a two-way process involving governing institutions and the low-income residents.

Nonlinear system dynamics of calcium and nitric oxide due to cell memory and superdiffusion in neurons

The integer-order interdependent calcium ([Ca2+]) and nitric oxide (NO) systems are unable to shed light on the influences of the superdiffusion and memory in triggering Brownian motion (BM) in neurons. Therefore, a mathematical model is constructed for the fractional-order nonlinear spatiotemporal systems of [Ca2+] and NO incorporating reaction-diffusion equations in neurons. The two-way feedback process between [Ca2+] and NO systems through calcium feedback on NO production and NO feedback on calcium through cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with plasmalemmal [Ca2+]-ATPase (PMCA) was incorporated in the model. The Crank–Nicholson scheme (CNS) with Grunwald approximation along spatial derivatives and L1 scheme along temporal derivatives with Gauss–Seidel (GS) iterations were employed. The numerical outcomes were analyzed to get insights into superdiffusion, buffer, and memory exhibiting BM of [Ca2+] and NO systems. The conditions, events and mechanisms leading to dysfunctions in calcium and NO systems and causing different diseases like Parkinson’s were explored in neurons.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KOMIK ISLAMI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI (MIN) DI KOTA BANDA ACEH

Islamic Comic Learning Media is a media or tool developed to improve student learning outcomes. Comic media can be used in a two-way learning process, namely as a teaching aid and learning media that can be used by students themselves. The results of initial observations show that there is still limited media used in the learning process at MIN MIN 7 Banda Aceh, especially classes in class V. The objectives of this research are 1) To determine the process of developing Islamic Comics media to improve the learning outcomes of class V students at MIN 7 Banda Aceh, 2) To determine the feasibility of the Islamic Comic media being developed to improve the learning outcomes of class V students at MIN 7 Banda Aceh. The research method used is research and development (R&D) and uses the Borg and Gall theory through 7 stages. Data collection was carried out through a validation process and product testing. The result of this research was that the development of Islamic comic media was said to be suitable for use. This is based on the assessment that comic media as a whole has been declared feasible with a percentage result of 92.69% and can improve student learning outcomes at MIN 7 Banda Aceh based on the product test analysis obtained, namely tcount = while ttable = 1.711. So it can be concluded that tcount > ttable, which means H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. This shows that students' final abilities are better than before using Islamic comic learning media.Keywords: Islamic Comic Media, Learning Results

Political and Public Discourse in the backdrop of 'Regime Change' in Pakistan (2022): A Thematic Analysis of the Facebook pages of PTI, PML-N and PPP

In today’s day and age, the social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have converted a rather conventionally one way ‘political communication’ process into an effective and influential two-way communication process. This two-way communication process has an impact on the political communication phenomenon all around the world. Bearing in mind this aspect the researcher has attempted to explore how and to what extent the ‘public discourse’ matched or differed from the ‘political discourse’ regarding the political ‘regime change’ in Pakistan that took place in the first half of the April 2022. Employing the ‘Framing’ as theoretical basis the researcher has attempted to determine how the ‘regime change’ was framed in the political and public discourse. The researcher has employed thematic analysis as methodological tool in this study to identify, analyze and interpret the meanings within the political and public discourse in the backdrop of the ‘regime change’ appeared in the Facebook pages of the top three political parties in Pakistan i.e. Pakistan Tehreek-E-Insaaf (PTI), Pakistan Muslim League- Nawaz (PML-N) and Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).

A Study on the Integration of Chinese Culture in High School English Teaching

The inseparable relationship between language and culture indicates that culture teaching is indispensable in English teaching. The ultimate goal of culture teaching in English teaching is to cultivate learners’ cross-cultural communication skills. Cross-cultural communication is a two-way process, which requires not only knowledge of English culture but also the use of English as a medium for disseminating Chinese culture to the outside world. However, in actual English teaching, the teaching of Chinese culture is a mere formality, and the teaching effect is not obvious. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a survey and research on Chinese culture teaching in high school English classrooms to understand its current situation, existing problems, and their causes, so as to provide suggestions for Chinese culture teaching in high school.

International student experience of employment integration in Finland

International students have the potential to contribute significantly to host countries through cultural enrichment, economic growth, and human capital development. However, their successful integration into the host society is crucial to realise these benefits. By applying the framework of the two-way integration process from acculturation theory, this study examines the employment integration of international students in Finland, a non-native English-speaking country. Our semi-structured, qualitative in-depth interviews identify several key challenges encountered by international students, including limited information about the labour market, unfamiliarity with recruitment practices, a lack of industry connections, communication gaps from recruiting companies, and host country language barriers. We provide recommendations to organisations and recruiters on how to embrace diversity in their recruitment processes, as well as suggestions to universities on how to better support international students’ transition into the workforce of the host country.

Modelling Cross Talk in the Spatiotemporal System Dynamics of Calcium, IP3 and Nitric Oxide in Neuron Cells.

The bioenergetic system of calcium ([Ca2+]), inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphophate (IP3) and nitric oxide (NO) regulate the diverse mechanisms in neurons. The dysregulation in any or all of the calcium, IP3 and nitric oxide dynamics may cause neurotoxicity and cell death. Few studies are noted in the literature on the interactions of two systems like [Ca2+] with IP3 and [Ca2+] with nitric oxide in neuron cells, which gives limited insights into regulatory and dysregulatory processes in neuron cells. But, no study is available on the cross talk in dynamics of three systems [Ca2+], IP3 and NO in neurons. Thus, the cross talk in the system dynamics of [Ca2+], IP3 and NO regulation processes in neurons have been studied using mathematical model. The two-way feedback process between [Ca2+] and IP3 and two-way feedback process between [Ca2+] and NO through cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with plasmalemmal [Ca2+]-ATPase (PMCA) have been incorporated in the proposed model. This coupling handles the indirect two-way feedback process between IP3 and nitric oxide in neuronal cells automatically. The numerical outcomes were acquired by employing the finite element method (FEM) with the Crank-Nicholson scheme (CNS). The present model incorporating the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) and voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) provides novel insights into the various regulatory and dysregulatory processes due to buffer, IP3-receptor, ryanodine receptor, cGMP kinetics through PMCA channel, etc. and their impacts on the interactive spatiotemporal system dynamics of [Ca2+], IP3 and NO in neurons. It is concluded that the behavior of different crucial mechanisms is quite different for interactions of two systems of [Ca2+] and NO and the interactions of three systems of [Ca2+], IP3 and nitric oxide in neuronal cell due to mutual regulatory adjustments. The association of several neurological disorders with the alterations in calcium, IP3 and NO has been explored in neurons.

Rethinking Conversation Styles of Chatbots from the Customer Perspective: Relationships between Conversation Styles of Chatbots, Chatbot Acceptance, and Perceived Tie Strength and Perceived Risk

Grounded in the Stereotype Content Model, Risk Perception Theory, Technology Acceptance Model, and Relational Embeddedness Theory, this research delves into the relationship between chatbot conversation styles, customer risk, and the mediating role of chatbot acceptance and tie strength in online shopping. A 2 (warm vs. cold) * 2 (competent vs. incompetent) between-subjects experiment is conducted on 320 participants and the results obtained from two-way ANOVA and PROCESS macro revealed that: (a) customer-perceived risk decreases with conversation warmth rather than conversation competence; (b) customer acceptance of chatbots improves with conversation competence rather than conversation warmth, while not acting as an intermediary factor between the conversation styles and customer-perceived risk; (c) customer perceived tie strength increases with both conversation warmth and conversation competence. The findings contribute to the existing literature about the impact of chatbot anthropomorphism on customer cognitive processes and offer executives insights into the design of customer-friendly chatbots.

Creep features and mechanism of active-layer detachment slide on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by InSAR

An active-layer detachment slide (ALDS) occurred on September 21, 2018, in the Fenghuoshan mountains of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) (34°39.1′N, 92°53.5′E). With the Sentinel-1A image from Copernicus Open Access Hub, we use small baseline subset to achieve the time series deformation map to analyze the thermo-spatial creep feature, motion pattern, trigger mechanism, and correlation of environmental changes in the ALDS. The SBAS (the Small Baselines Subset) results show that the trailing part of ALDS has the largest downward deformation rate; however, the leading area was small, and the creep feature shows a clear seasonal change corresponding to the freeze-thaw cycle. We also divide the motion pattern into three stages: moderate creep, steady creep, and rapid collapse, based on the deformation rate. Meteorological observation and reanalysis data, as well as borehole data, show that heavy precipitation in the summer of 2017 and 2018 promote the formation of underground ice, while high air temperatures allow the thaw plane to reach the ice-rich zone, and confined water generated by the two-way freezing process result in ALDS. Moreover, there exists a temporal delay of approximately one month in the association between deformation rate and both precipitation and temperature. Furthermore, there is a clear correlation between variations in thawing depth and deformation, which serves as the primary catalyst for ALDS in permafrost regions. Finally, we also identify that ALDS is a mixed-type landslide and that cumulative deformation and creep damage play the main roles in triggering ALDS.

Employee perceptions of strategy formulation and implementation towards sustainable strategic management in the developing world

In general, an effective strategic management process allows managers to interact with employees in formulating and implementing organisational strategic plans (Nedelea & Paun, 2009). Eskom, an electricity public utility company, in South Africa, suffered a strategy formulation and implementation fatigue for the past two decades leading to a quagmire and lacklustre performance of all time (“Eskom CEOs from 1985 to 2020”, 2020). Therefore, the study investigates employees’ perception of the organisational strategy process towards bridging the gap between the management and non-management employees in strategy formulation and implementation. The study employed a quantitative survey, gathering data from a sample of 331 participants randomly selected from a population of 2400 Eskom, employees. Data was then collected and captured through a questionnaire using an online survey tool called Question Pro and analysed with SPSS version 25. The study revealed that Eskom’s strategic formulation and implementation process was perceived by employees as a downward communication process. Thus, the study revealed that there was a lack of employee engagement before and after the strategy formulation and in implementation process. The study therefore recommended that Eskom should employ a vertical two-way communication process between managerial and non-managerial employees. In addition, the study recommended that Eskom should provide strategy awareness campaigns at ground level towards positively impacting on sustainable and effective strategy implementation.

Two-way photoswitching norbornadiene derivatives for solar energy storage.

Molecular photoswitches of norbornadiene (NBD) derivatives have been effectively applied in molecular solar-thermal energy storage (MOST) by photoisomerization of NBD to a quadricyclane (QC) state. However, a challenge of the NBD-based MOST system is the lack of a reversible two-way photoswitching process, limiting conversion from QC to thermal and catalytic methods. Here we design a series of NBD derivatives with a combination of acceptor and donor units to achieve two-way photoswitching, which can optically release energy by back-conversion from QC to NBD. Highly efficient photoconversion yields from NBD to QC and QC to NBD are up to 99% and 82%, respectively. The energy storage density of two-way photoswitching NBD is up to 312 J g-1 and optically controlled two-way photoswitching devices are demonstrated for the first time both in flow and in thin films, which illustrate a promising approach for fast and robust energy release in both solution and solid state.

Evaluation of communication skills of physicians working in a training and research hospital: A cross-sectional study

Communication; is a two-way process of reaching mutual understanding in which information is exchanged, produced and interpreted. The main component of the diagnosis and treatment process between patient and physician is communication. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the communication skills of physicians according to various variables. The cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with physicians working at Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital (HNH TRH) between May and August 2012. A total of 156 physicians who completed the scales and personal information form and met the inclusion criteria constituted the sample of the study. A total of 156 physicians with a mean age of 31.73±5.88 years participated in the study. Seventy-nine (50.6%) of the physicians reported that they could not devote enough time to themselves and their families, 118 (75.6%) physicians reported that they had communication problems with their patients in the past year, and only 56 physicians (35.9%) found themselves productive in their jobs. Sixty-five physicians (41.7%) felt exhausted, 116 (74.4%) of them reported that the reason for the communication problems they had was lack of time. There was a weak positive correlation between age and overall assessment of communication skills (p<0.05). There was a positive and weak correlation between age and mental and emotional communication skills (p<0.01). Limited time and low economic income negatively affect communication skills. Lowering patient density in hospitals and giving sufficient importance to primary health care services are needed. Focusing on communication skills training in medical schools and continuing this education throughout professional life can have positive effects on the patient-physician relationship.

SELF-AWARENESS OF A PARENT AND THE PROCESS EDUCATION GOODNESS AND PREDOMINANCE IMMATERIAL OVER MATERIAL OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

Introduction. The process of education in pedagogy is considered as a two-way process. Parents in the modern educational space pay great attention to the control of the teacher-student relationship. Such a focus can be shifted to a system of relationships with a child included in the parent-teacher-student system. The parent’s self-awareness in the context of spiritual and moral education determines the content of the article. The forms and content of the activities of the socio-psychological service of the school, teachers in the parent-student-teacher triad have been studied and are being studied constantly. Changes in socio-economic and cultural processes offer new questions in the theory and practice of pedagogical activity, taking into account positional thinking, the age of the student and the self-consciousness of his parent.
 Purpose: to analyze the methods, forms and content of goodness and predominance inmaterial over material and moral education of primary school children and the necessary processes of changing the parent’s self-consciousness.
 The methodology and research methods take into account the principle of consistency and, when analyzing the content and forms of goodness and predominance inmaterial over material and moral education activities in primary school, model the elements of the structure of the goodness and predominance inmaterial over material and moral component of the parent’s self-consciousness.
 Results and scope of application. The proposed model of the structure of the goodness and predominance inmaterial over material and moral component of the parent’s self-consciousness makes it possible to adapt the parent-student-teacher triad to situations in the conditions of positional thinking.

Computational model of interacting system dynamics of calcium, IP3 and β-amyloid in ischemic neuron cells

The study of single independent dynamics of calcium ([Ca2+]), IP3, and β-amyloid (Aβ) in neurons provide limited information. Some attempts are reported for the dynamics of two interacting systems of [Ca2+] and IP3, and calcium and Aβ, which gave some novel insights about the phenomena. However, the interactions of these three systems have not been analyzed till date in neurons. Therefore, a novel model is constructed to study the interactions of the spatiotemporal systems of [Ca2+], IP3, and Aβ in neurons. A two-way feedback mechanism between [Ca2+] and IP3, and [Ca2+] and Aβ has been incorporated into the model. The model is formulated by coupling three reaction-diffusion equations of [Ca2+], IP3 and Aβ, respectively. This coupling automatically takes care of the indirect two-way feedback process between IP3 and β-amyloid in neuron cells. The finite element method (FEM) with the Crank-Nicolson scheme (CNS) is utilized to study the contribution of various ER-associated processes like RyR, IP3R, SERCA pump, buffer approximation, etc on the neuronal interactions of [Ca2+], IP3, and β-amyloid during Ischemia. The numerical findings provide novel insights into alterations in ER handling during Ischemia, resulting in disturbances in the neuronal calcium, IP3, and Aβ levels, which may cause the advancement of Alzheimer’s illness and be responsible for neurotoxicity and cell death.

INNOVATIVE MECHANISM OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN

The study of the relationship between the innovative development of the region and the level of tourism development in the region is relevant today. The development of regions and innovative solutions contribute to the development of tourism, and tourism, in turn, contributes to the development of innovation and attracting investors, so we can talk about a two-way mixed process of innovative development of regional tourism and regions. The purpose of this article is to consider the innovative development of the region as a condition for the effective development of tourism in the region. The object of research is the tourism sector of the regions of Kazakhstan; the level of innovative development of the region and the level of development of regional tourism in the region. Carrying out a conceptual analysis in the article; to give a brief description of the two positions of the regions (from the point of view of regional innovations and the development of regional tourism); to analyze the indicators of the regions of Kazakhstan according to various ratings.

HEALTH AFTER AGE 50: THE ROLE OF ADULT CHILDREN’S EDUCATION FOR OLDER PARENTS’ FRAILTY IN EUROPE

Abstract Social stratification research has shown that family background can significantly impact a child’s life chances. However, intergenerational transmission of (dis-)advantages is a two-way process, because parental investment in children may be reciprocated later in life. Particularly, very little is known about the importance of adult children’s socio-economic resources on ageing parents’ well-being – what has been called the effect of the “social foreground” on later-life health. This study aims to investigate whether and how adult offspring’s educational attainments are associated with parents’ health. This study uses dyadic panel data from all the available waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (i.e., from 2004 to 2020). The sample is composed of 89,752 parents (210,999 parent-child dyads, 250,605 observations) aged 50 or older living in 29 different European countries. Our preliminary results from random intercept linear regression models show that child education is negatively associated with the 40-item Frailty Index (FI) among parents. This association is particularly strong among lower-educated parents (especially mothers). These findings highlight the importance of considering the socio-economic resources of adult children when examining the health and well-being of older adults. This suggests that public investments in younger generations’ education may benefit older generations as well. In developing future analyses, we plan to focus on identifying the potential generative mechanisms behind this relationship and exploring potential policy interventions to support ageing parents and their families.

MODEL KOMUNIKASI REMAJA PEMAIN GAME ONLINE FREE FIRE (STUDI KASUS PADA REMAJA DI RT02 KELURAHAN MANULAI 2 KOTA KUPANG)

The process of adolescent communication in the free fire online game is a two-way communication process carried out by adolescents with their friends and also random in the game, the purpose of this research is to understand the communication process carried out by adolescent free fire online game players to form communication models which describes the relationship between the communication components of the communication process carried out by adolescents when playing the free fire online game. The theory used in this study is the theory of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC). This research is a qualitative research with a qualitative descriptive method. The object of this research is teenagers playing free fire online games at RT 02 Manulai 2 Village, Kupang City. There are three data collection techniques used in this study, namely through direct interview observation and documentation of young online free fire game players. The result of this study is to find a communication model formed from the communication process of free fire online game players, namely the linear communication model and the Schramm interactional communication model. In the Liear Communication Model the communication process only takes place in one direction where there is no feedback in the Linear Communication Model while the Schramm interactional model is a two-way communication process where there is both direct feedback and delayed feedback in the communication process carried out by teenage game players online free fire.