Two-sided Process Research Articles

Technological methods of improving the quality and productivity of processing car engine parts

Problem. The most high-precision parts of the car engine are camshaft and crankshaft, parts that require two-sided processing of the end surfaces: piston pins, valve springs. Traditional processing methods are used in their manufacture and repair. Therefore, taking into account the large volumes of car production, the improvement of existing and development of new processing methods is very important. Goal. The purpose of this work is the analysis and improvement of existing methods and the implementation for new ones of processing the specified parts to increase the productivity and accuracy of their processing. Methodology. The processing of support necks and cams is expedient to be carried out in one installation during deep high-speed grinding with crossed axes of the circle and camshaft due to stabilization of the cutting depth and feed along the contour with uneven rotation of the part. The method of high-speed milling of camshaft cams with crossed axes of the tool and parts on CNC machines is also promising. Root and connecting rod necks of crankshafts can be processed in one installation by deep high-speed grinding with crossed axes of the circle and the part due to stabilization of the depth of cutting and feed along the contour with uniform rotation of the part. For end surfaces, it is possible to introduce single-pass processing on double-sided end grinding machines with oriented grinding wheels with calibration areas. Results. The obtained results indicate a 25-30% increase in productivity and processing accuracy of the specified parts. Originality. It is used when processing the effect of the intersection of the axes of the tool and the part and carrying out a special correction of the tool, which allows to obtain a calibration area. Practical value. The proposed methods improve the parameters of accuracy, roughness and productivity of processing, which is an important scientific and practical task, whose solution will allow to increase the service life of car components and assemblies, reduce the cost of their production, and raise the level of competitiveness of products and services.

In and out of the zoom: The photographic act as frame of precarity in Italy’s postcolonial cinema since 1990

ABSTRACT Michele Placido’s Pummarò (1990) and Carmine Amoroso’s Cover Boy (2006) bring the legal, economic, and social precarity of West African and East European migrants in Italy to the screen. This article examines, firstly, how subjects who come from the Global South, or who are marked as such, are framed in their precarity from a Eurocentric perspective and, secondly, how they exercise agency and break free of the colonial, racializing, gender-critical, or classist frames imposed on them. The ‘illegitimate art’ of photography is suited to reflect this two-sided process of precarization and empowerment because it is accessible to diverse social classes. This heterogeneous plurality that produces, mediates, and receives photographs also determines an intersection of gazes that emerge from divergent positionings before and behind the camera. To bridge professional with amateur approaches, my performative analysis combines Philippe Dubois’ artistic concept of the ‘photographic act’ with Ariella Azoulay’s critique to reconsider the contingent and civil potentiality of photography by reimagining the ‘event of photography’. A media-critical relation between photography and film ultimately reveals this interplay of gazes to be a meta-aesthetic gesture by the observing medium of film, which self-critically interrogates its own cinematographic modes of representing precarious subjects.

Peculiarities of the pedagogical process in Natalia Yeshchenko’s piano class

Statement of the problem. The article is dedicated to the Honored Worker of Arts of Ukraine, Professor of the Kharkiv I. P. Kotlyarevsky National University of Arts Natalia Oleksandrivna Yeshchenko (1926–2015). Brilliant pianist, teacher, artist, she left a noticeable mark in the cultural history of Kharkiv, and more than 90 her graduates work in Ukraine and in various parts of the world. Nevertheless, the analysis of materials related to her pedagogical activity, shows that the methods of organizing the educational process in her special piano class, have not been studied enough. The purpose of the research paper is to examine the pedagogical activity of Natalia Yeshchenko and to reveal the peculiarities of the organizational process in it. Research results. The main stages of pedagogical experience accumulation of the pianist, the process of her teaching, thanks to which numerous solo concerts of her students with complex programs took place, were considered. It was found that her attitude to work was helped to expand students’ horizons, and cultivate the necessary character traits: hard work, will, perseverance. So, Natalia Yeshchenko believed that the most important law of pedagogy is an individual approach to education. She widely used the method of developmental education, supported her students to solve creative tasks, followed the personal professional progress of everyone, took care of their harmonious growth as individuals. She considered it an important pedagogical task to make ready the students, professionally and psychologically, for independent activities. Conclusion. We define that learning is a two-sided process of collective activity of the student and the teacher. It can be considered as one of the means of personality formation through pedagogical communication. In such a way, the numerous solo concerts of Natalia Yeshchenko’s students are a creative workshop for students and teachers, where the organization of the pedagogical process is aimed at the education of the student’s independence and initiative, the development of his thinking and creative individuality, the motivation of learning, when the teacher, using his perfect professional skill and psychological levers, successfully leads the student to the chosen goal. Such two-sided intense work really reveals the common values and sets mutual understanding between the student and the teacher.

Varieties of Land Grabbing and Resistance in Burkina Faso

A timely examination of the mechanisms behind the global wave of land grabbing that accompanied the last food crises of 2008 and 2012, showing a two-sided process: on the one hand, how the state dispossesses or allows the dispossession of peasants from the land they own; on the other, how the peasantry resists the redefinition of land rights.

On metaphors in thinking about preparing mathematics for teaching

This paper explores how different schools of thought in mathematics education think and speak about preparing mathematics for teaching by introducing and proposing certain metaphors. Among the metaphors under consideration here are the unpacking metaphor, which finds its origin in the Anglo-American school of thought of pedagogical reduction of mathematics; the elementarization metaphor, which has its origin in the German school of thought of didactic reconstruction of mathematics; and the recontextualization metaphor, which originates in the French school of thought of didactic transposition. The metaphorical language used in these schools of thought is based on different theoretical positions, orientations, and images of preparing mathematics for teaching. Although these metaphors are powerful and allow for different ways of thinking and speaking about preparing mathematics for teaching, they suggest that preparing mathematics for teaching is largely a one-sided process in the sense of an adaptation of the knowledge in question. To promote a more holistic understanding, an alternative metaphor is offered: preparing mathematics for teaching as ecological engineering. By using the ecological engineering metaphor, the preparation of mathematics for teaching is presented as a two-sided process that involves both the adaptation of knowledge and the modification of its environment.

Measuring judiciarization of people with mental illnesses.

The judiciarization of the psychiatric subject is a two-sided process. It could anti-discriminate people with mental illnesses but, at the same time, it could potentially provoke pathologization of mental illnesses. Current methodologies proposed to measure this important and complicated process for people with mental illnesses do not allow analysis on multiple levels (the macro, meso, and micro). In this article, to fill this gap we propose a methodological strategy that helps to investigate judiciarization of people with mental illnesses on multiple levels at once. This approach is based on critical discourse analysis of legal documents and court decisions that feature people with the poor mental health. Namely, we suggest how to measure the level or degree of judiciarization, its geographical evenness, actors in the legal process, its dimensions (the law branches of its occurrence), and linguistic content. We applied this methodology in examining 1,243 legal documents and 327,311 court decisions that were issued by agents of the Russian law system. The research findings show that judiciarization levels in Russia have been rising over the years, moving away from stigmatizing those with mental illnesses and towards anti-discrimination. Our paper could be of interest to socio-legal researchers and social policy practitioners.

On the Urgency of a Cunning Politics

On the Urgency of a Cunning Politics

Control over milling of rolled non-ferrous metal products

This paper looks at some hot-rolled strips that were to be cold-rolled and that were machined in order to enhance the process performance. It was done, in particular, to reach an optimized topography of the machined surface that consisted of alternating high and low spots. The high surface roughness (especially in the case of soft non-ferrous metals) caused turn-to-turn friction defects during further rolling operation. A two-sided processing line was examined that comprises an unwinder, pinch rolls, a leveler, shears, machines for up-milling of the strip top and bottom and a folder. Both conventional (with 14 helical teeth) and custom-built (with 2 or 7 helical teeth) interlocking slabtype milling cutters with the diameter of ~250 mm were used. Copper strips and strips made of copper alloys (including double brass) were machined. The authors examined the effect of the cutting mode (a relationship between the feed per minute SМ and the cutter RPM n) on the formation and removal of chips, durability of the tool, quality of the cold-rolled and machined surface — in particular on the length of the low spot (L). It was calculated how much travel the strips do in a full revolution of the cutter (SО) and in one fourteenth of a full revolution per tooth (SZ). Comparing these values with the length of the low spot the number of teeth was determined responsible for one low spot (L/SZ or L/SZ). Depending on the machining mode (SМ/n ratio) and based on the earlier proposed model, the following equation was performed: L = SО(L/SZ = 14), L = SZ (L/ SZ = 1) or SZ < L < SО (1 < L`/SZ < 14). A number of different constant milling modes was compared with the new dynamic technique which allows to account for the tool wear and adjust the milling mode in relation to the initial mode by reducing SМ/n. An analytical technique is described that allows to precisely choose the initial milling mode. It is shown that due to the mode adjustment the length of the low spot L` and the number of backup teeth increase. This appears to be reasonable before the preset maximum allowable value L`critical is reached. Note that as the plasticity of a rolled non-ferrous metal product rises, the value L critical decreases. It was found that this process control technique helps extend the uptime and the overall service life of the tool and improve the process performance.

The effect of mutation status, pathological features and tumor location on prognosis ın patients with colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. It is the third most common tumor in both genders and the second reason of cancer-related deaths. In recent years, tumor location has gained importance as a prognostic indicator. In this study, we aimed to analyze if there was a prognostic effect of tumor location, the pathological features, and the mutation status of patients on survival. Two-hundred and ten colorectal cancer patients aged 18 years and older were included into the study. One-hundred and forty-two patients had left-sided tumor and 68 patients had right-sided tumor. Patients who had other malignancies rather than squamous cell skin cancer and in situ cervical cancer were excluded. All statistical tests were carried out using two-sided process, and a p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were 140 men and 70 women in the study. The median age of the patients was 62 years old. There was no statistically significant difference according to tumor location and survival of patients. The overall survival of patients with right-sided tumors was 60.5 months and 47.2 months for left-sided tumors. Disease-free survival of patients was 63.7 months for right-sided tumors and 46 months for left-sided ones. Perineural invasion, grade and stage were crucial prognostic parameters. Disease-free survival was longer for female colorectal cancer patients. According to our study, survival of patients was similar regardless of tumor location. This can be explained by the different sequencing of treatment strategies and divergent population genetics.

Flint Processing in Donbass during the Chalcolithic

In the Neolithic, the Donbass was finally formed as one of prominent European centers for extraction and primary processing of raw flint. The formation of such a large economic area with its particular production specialization was determined by the mineral wealth of the region and its plentiful deposits of high-quality Upper Cretaceous flints. The most complex sites of mining in terms of organization and specialised workshops on primary flint splitting date back to this period. As far as mining in the southern Donbas of the time is concerned, there emerged adits for flint extraction in the layer of limestone (Shirokoie). The mine workings were made in the form of wide horizontal chambers along the slope with separate entrances and transport and ventilation apertures. The mining was carried out with horn tools and adzes with metal wedge-shaped inserts. In the Chalcolithic, workshops for production of bifaces (Krasnoie) and a specialized settlement of flint craftsmen (Vasilyevskaia Pustosh) emerged in the North-Western Donbass. A variety of techniques for primary splitting and making of stone tools, characterized by a distinct cultural context, was used in these workshops. For the production of plates, large blanks of lithic cores with one platform and two longitudinal edges with two-sided processing that converge at the base were used. The most complex technologies for lithic cores splitting and tools processing are associated with the so-called Novodanilovsky cultural complex. The article contributes to the series of publications on the development of the Donetsk center for mining and primary processing of flint in the Stone Age.

PEDAGOGICAL DESIGN OF PUPILS’ ENVIRONMENTAL-TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION

The article says about the problem of formation of personality’s ecological culture. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the organization of project environmental and technological activities of students of general secondary education institutions (GSEI).The two-sided process of formation of pupils' ecological and technological competences of the GSEI has been considered in the teaching of school subjects and in public nature conservation activities. An important method and effective tool in this process is ecological and technological design.The results of the project activity are gradually fixed in the form of a description and justification of the choice of purpose taking into account economic, environmental and social aspects, sketches and drawings, technological maps, selection of equipment and products, ready for implementation or specific solution of the problem. The aggregate of these characteristics and the finished product assesses the level of ecological and technological preparation of pupils of the GSEI. By organizing and designing the educational process, the pupils independently acquire the abilities (initiative, flexibility, mobility, willingness to make decisions, analytical and critical thinking).It has been proved that the project activities provide the consolidation and systematization of the content of ecological training and its components; the development of a coherent system of knowledge and environmental awareness among the students of general secondary education institutions.

Redox Balance Keepers and Possible Cell Functions Managed by Redox Homeostasis in Trypanosoma cruzi.

The toxicity of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species appears to be merely the tip of the iceberg in the world of redox homeostasis. Now, oxidative stress can be seen as a two-sided process; at high concentrations, it causes damage to biomolecules, and thus, trypanosomes have evolved a strong antioxidant defense system to cope with these stressors. At low concentrations, oxidants are essential for cell signaling, and in fact, the oxidants/antioxidants balance may be able to trigger different cell fates. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the current knowledge of the oxidant environment experienced by T. cruzi along the different phases of its life cycle, and the molecular tools exploited by this pathogen to deal with oxidative stress, for better or worse. Further, we discuss the possible redox-regulated processes that could be governed by this oxidative context. Most of the current research has addressed the importance of the trypanosomes' antioxidant network based on its detox activity of harmful species; however, new efforts are necessary to highlight other functions of this network and the mechanisms underlying the fine regulation of the defense machinery, as this represents a master key to hinder crucial pathogen functions. Understanding the relevance of this balance keeper program in parasite biology will give us new perspectives to delineate improved treatment strategies.

The change of ventilation and gas exchange function of the lungs as the result of endoscopic valvular bronchial blocking in patients with recurrent fibro-cavernous tuberculosis after lung resection

In the complex treatment of patients with tuberculosis with destruction of pulmonary tissue in the presence of drug-resistant pathogen in 10.2 % of cases it is necessary to resort to surgery in the form of resection or pulmonectomy. In the postoperative period, there are cases of progression of a specific process in the lungs with the formation of destruction. In such a situation, the optimal choice of treatment strategy is endoscopic valve bronchomalacia (ECB) with maximum preservation of functioning lung tissue. The aim of this work is to study the dynamics of ventilation and gas exchange function of the lungs in patients with acute pulmonary tissue destruction after surgery. The study revealed a change in the functional state of the lungs in 56 % of cases: negative in 39 % of patients and positive — in 17 %. The nature of the changes associated with the initial state of the bronchopulmonary apparatus and the characteristics of drug resistant. Deterioration of function is more often observed in a two-sided process and/or in the presence of two or more caverns. The initial state of the lung ventilation capacity and the presence of signs of restrictive disorders have the opposite effect on the functional outcome of bronchoblocation: at normal values of FEV1 and ESRD IS accompanied by more frequent broncho-obstructive disorders and deterioration of gas exchange rates than at their reduced values. The same paradoxical functional dependence of the dynamics can be traced in the volume «off» when drug resistant and its effectiveness.

The Notion of the Image in the Teachings of Christian and Muslim Thinkers

Notwithstanding the difference in historical periods of creativity, in the treatises of some of the most famous thinkers both in Islamic culture and in the Christian world, ideas and understandings of the image are found as a notion that does not exhaust the perception of God, but is relevant to the pursuit of God's knowledge. The brief historical distance between the emergence of the Pseudo-Dionysian treatises and those of Islamic philosophy allows us to make a comparison between the two religious worldviews. The two monotheistic concepts of the manifestations of God in the visible world have common foundations in the Geek philosophy and the views of the Neoplatonists. The rich and tangled language in the Pseudo-Dionysian treatises reveals the two-sided process of the interrelation between the divine and human realities. In the texts of the Muslim thinker Muhammad al- Ghazālī, the image of the contemplative man's ascension to the Almighty and indescribable God is also revealed. This article attempts to compare the patterns of thought through which these two philosophers, with different religious beliefs, express their understanding of the image of God and the path of contemplative rising to Him. The image of the One, from where the entire immanent world originates, occupies the first place for both wise men. But while for the Muslim philosopher the manifestations of God in the world are a direct realization of His gentle mind, the Christian thinker focuses on the image of the incarnation of God in the person of Christ.

Careless Speech: Conceptualizing Post-Truth Politics1

The notion of post-truth politics has been insufficiently conceptualized, leaving its empirical viability questionable. As a response to this uncertainty, I seek to elaborate a concept of post-truth politics by comparing facts to public infrastructure, which I understand in an Arendtian fashion: as a condition that both limits and enables opinionated debate. I put forward an understanding of post-truth as a two-sided process brought about by mutually dependent structural factors contributing to the irrelevance of factual truths and a particular political style labelled careless speech. I place post-truth in a historical context and seek to distinguish it, particularly, from Harry Frankfurt's ‘bullshit’. Bullshit works within the mindset of carefully crafted advertisement-speak. Careless speech seeks to create confusion and bring democratic debate to a halt. I also explicate some key economic, cultural, and media-related factors that contribute to the emergence of post-truth politics. The third section discusses effective practices of conveying truth in the public sphere. I critically analyze fact-checking, (Foucauldian) fearless speech ( parrhesia) and storytelling, contrasting them to ‘careless speech’, and emphasize the need to address political structures in addition to more epistemologically-oriented solutions. I conclude with reflections on the economic-cultural background to factual infrastructure's disrepair, and highlight some future lines of inquiry in IR and Political Science.

A Model of Two-Sided Costly Communication for Building New Product Category Demand

When a firm introduces a radical innovation, consumers are unaware of the product’s uses and benefits. Moreover, consumers are unsure of whether they even need the product. In this situation, we consider the role of marketing communication as generating consumers’ need recognition and thus market demand for a novel product. In particular, we model marketing communication as a two-sided process that involves both firms’ and consumers’ costly efforts to transmit and assimilate a novel product concept. When the marketing communication takes on a two-sided process, we study a firm’s different information disclosure strategies for its radical innovation. We find that sharing innovation, instead of extracting a higher rent by keeping the idea secret, can be optimal. A firm may benefit from the presence of a competitor and its communication effort. The innovator can share its innovation so that competitors can also benefit, which encourages rivals to enter the market. The presence of such competition guarantees a higher surplus for consumers, which can induce greater consumer effort in a two-sided communication process. Moreover, the increased consumer effort, in turn, prompts complementarity in the communication process and lessens the potential free-riding effect in communication between firms. Additionally, it encourages the rival firm to exert more effort, especially when the role of consumers becomes more important. Sharing innovation with a rival serves as a mechanism to induce more efforts in a two-sided communication process. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1071 .

Endogeneity in Strategy-Performance Analysis: An Application to Initial Human Capital Strategy and New Venture Performance

Managers engage in a variety of strategies, not randomly, but having in mind their performance implications. Therefore, strategic choices are endogenous in performance equations. Despite increasing efforts by various scholars in solving endogeneity bias, prior attempts have almost exclusively focused on single, one-sided, and discrete (binary) organizational decisions. Yet, in reality, managers often face multiple, simultaneous, and interdependent decisions, possibly including a continuous choice set. These choices may further entail a two-sided process between managers and others, such as employees, strategic partners, customers, or investors, whose choices and preferences also affect the final decision. We discuss how endogeneity can plague the measurement of the performance effects of these two-sided strategic decisions—which are more complex, but more realistic, than prior representations of organizational decision making. We provide an empirical demonstration of possible methods to deal with three different sources of bias, by analyzing the performance effects of two human capital choices made by founders at startup: the size and average quality of the initial workforce.

Innovation processes management and its efficiency for area development

Nowadays an industrial complex efficiency depends on many factors, but the essential condition here is an innovative activity of enterprises and regions. Only this innovative activity makes it possible to provide competitive advantages both at the national and at the world economy levels. To improve economic performance, it is necessary that economic entities operating in various spheres of industrial production intensify innovation activities to strengthen and develop their market positions. It should also be taken into account that this is a two-sided process, as, on the one hand, regional conditions influence realization of industry innovative potential, and, on the other hand, innovative processes influence effective area development. The paper aims to analyze the main innovative processes taking place in the region and to estimate the efficiency of clustering while using expert analysis and performance indicators of each cluster.

Asistencia social en México. Una mirada desde el SNDIF

Objetivos: establecer la importancia del programa de asistencia social SNDIF del Estado mexicano e identificar sus alcances y limitaciones en relación con el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de la población.
 Metodología: estudio de Revisión que documentó e hizo análisis crítico de la información emitida por el Sistema Nacional para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia (SNDIF). Se revisaron documentos primarios como la Consulta Nacional de Información Básica a los Sistemas Municipales 2015 (CNIBSM-DIF), así como informes, comunicados, libros, artículos y notas periodísticas.
 Resultado: el SNDIF mantiene diversas estrategias de asistencia social, entre las que se destacan 1) la defensa de los derechos de la infancia, 2) personas con discapacidad, 3) la Cruzada contra el Hambre y 4) el apoyo a los migrantes. Si bien, el gobierno federal asignó para el 2017, $1,357,015.61 pesos mexicanos al rubro de Protección social, se evidenció que sus acciones no lograron abarcar el total de la población necesitada.
 Conclusiones: la asistencia social en México es un proceso con dos caras: por un lado, es una obligación del Estado respecto al bienestar de la población; por otro, es un sistema de control y sometimiento de la gente. La asistencia social en el gobierno de Enrique Peña Nieto ha sido instrumento idóneo para estabilizar su poder y promover la continuidad de dicha elite dominante.

Dynamic Network Actor Models: Investigating Coordination Ties through Time

Important questions in the social sciences are concerned with the circumstances under which individuals, organizations, or states mutually agree to form social network ties. Examples of these coordination ties are found in such diverse domains as scientific collaboration, international treaties, and romantic relationships and marriage. This article introduces dynamic network actor models (DyNAM) for the statistical analysis of coordination networks through time. The strength of the models is that they explicitly address five aspects about coordination networks that empirical researchers will typically want to take into account: (1) that observations are dependent, (2) that ties reflect the opportunities and preferences of both actors involved, (3) that the creation of coordination ties is a two-sided process, (4) that data might be available in a time-stamped format, and (5) that processes typically differ between tie creation and dissolution (signed processes), shorter and longer time windows (windowed processes), and initial and repeated creation of ties (weighted processes). Two empirical case studies demonstrate the potential impact of DyNAM models: The first is concerned with the formation of romantic relationships in a high school over 18 months, and the second investigates the formation of international fisheries treaties from 1947 to 2010.