Twin Towers Research Articles

The Role of Mass Media in Terrorism and Its Effect on Individuals

Nowadays terrorism is one of the biggest problems in the world. In particular, afterward the twin towers attack in the United States on September 11, 2001, this has become a bigger problem for most of the countries in the world. Following in time the 9/11 terrorist attack, many governments launched a war against global terrorism in different parts of the world. Even the community psychology, which is not threatened by global terrorism, is negatively affected by extremist groups’ coverage in media. Asian countries like Japan, Taiwan, and the Republic of Korea are the best examples of that. For this cause, in this research two linear regression are analyzed and Taiwanese newspaper text analyses are made. The main purpose and motivation of this research is to analyze the importance of media on terrorism and terrorist acts and how the media affects people’s thoughts and psychology.

Can ‘Control-Order’ be Implanted into the Counter-Terrorism Policy of Bangladesh? A Critical Assessment

This research will be specifically focusing on implemented legislation for eliminating terrorism. There is no need to mention exclusively again that it began many years ago. It ignited mostly after the post 9/11 era. The Bush & Blair management then immediately applied many different and notorious counter-terrorism tactics. Among all; the infamous “Control Order” was authorized by most of the regimes like Guatemala to Tihar Jail, India. Arguably except Bangladesh, this brutal method of torture was applied in almost every counter-terrorism cell. Needless to say, it started mostly after the ‘Twin Tower’ destruction. The Allied Forces (Mainly UK and USA) had literally chosen to instigate ‘Control-Order’ on almost every Muslim individual and almost every counter-terrorism agency started to implement ‘control-order’ on a regular basis.

World Trade Center Dust induces airway inflammation while promoting aortic endothelial dysfunction

Respiratory ailments have plagued occupational and public health communities exposed to World Trade Center (WTC) dust since the September 11, 2001 attack on the Twin Towers in Lower Manhattan. We proposed that these ailments were proposed to be induced by inhalation exposure to WTC particulate matter (WTCPM), that was released during the collapse of the buildings and its subsequent resuspension during cleanup. We investigated this hypothesis using both an in vitro and an in vivo mouse intranasal (IN) exposure models to identify the inflammatory potential of WTCPM with specific emphasis on respiratory and endothelial tissue responses. The in vitro exposure studies found WTCPM exposure to be positively correlated with cytotoxicity and increased NO2− production in both BEAS-2B pulmonary epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophage cells. The in vivo C57BL/6 mouse studies found significant increases in inflammatory markers including increases in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) influx into nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (NLF and BALF), as well as increased levels of total protein and cytokine/chemokines levels. Concurrently, NLF, BALF, and serum NO2− levels exhibited significant homeostatic temporal deviations as well as temporal myograohic aortic dysfunction in myography studies. Respiratory exposure to- and evidence -based retention of- WTCPM may have contributed to chronic systemic effects in exposed mice that r resembled to observed effects in WTCPM-exposed human populations. Collectively, these findings are reflective of WTCPM exposure and its effect(s) on respiratory and aortic tissues, highlighting potential dysfunctional pathways that may precipitate inflammatory events, while simultaneously altering homeostatic balances. The tight interplay between these balances, when chronically altered, may contribute to- or result in- chronically diseased pathological states.

Integrated Twin Tower (ITT) Based Learning to Think (LTT) Model to Enhance Scientific Creativity and Spiritual of students in the Early Childhood Islamic Education Department

The Indonesian National Qualification Framework in higher education requires universities to develop a curriculum so that students have superior competence with a variety of skills that are appropriate to the needs of the 21st century in the field of enhancing creative thinking skills. Expectations about the importance of scientific and spiritual creativity of Students of Early Childhood Islamic Education department based on the above literature review contradict the results of preliminary studies by researchers. The results of preliminary studies that there are complex problems that must be resolved immediately, and learning innovation and development of lecture devices that are specifically designed to develop scientific and spiritual creativity of students in the Early Childhood Islamic Education Department in UINSA is very needed. An alternative solution to the above problems that are offered by researchers is to develop an Integrated Twin Tower-based Learn to Think (LTT) learning model to enhance the scientific and spiritual creativity of students in the Early Childhood Islamic Education Department. This model was developed by correcting the weaknesses of the LTT model and adding an Integrated Twin Tower in each syntax based on the literature review that has been done before. Integrated Twin Tower is an innovative idea that has been developed at The Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training of UINSA with the foundation of thinking that the learning process cannot be separated between the core scientific fields of study and the Islamic values.

Invisible Clothes in Messud’s The Emperor’s Children

The Emperor’s Children by Claire Messud observes many different characters leading up to the fall of the Twin Towers on 9/11. These characters—all writers—seem to be following their own paths, but what they have in common is that of exposing truth. This essay explores the theme of truth being exposed by using the analogy of the children’s story The Emperor’s New Clothes to augment this subject. In this tale, it takes a child to reveal the truth that the emperor is not actually wearing any clothes when he fools the adults into thinking otherwise. Who the emperor and the child are changes repeatedly within each of the characters’ given pieces. The novel contains excerpts and descriptions of the characters’ writings, which are examined and compared to scholar’s writings in our world that cover similar topics. This illustrates the truths that are being revealed about the writers and others through the characters’ works. The climactic event of 9/11 is also related to the children’s tale proving the overall novel itself to be an additional example of unmasking truth. Each are examples of an external force that exposes the truth of the emperor’s nakedness. In comparison, society must strive to recognize the state of its clothing before the truth is glaringly exposed to the world.

Enhancement of Thermo-Flow Performances by Windbreakers for Two-Tower Indirect Dry Cooling System

The winds will greatly weaken the cooling performance of indirect dry cooling system with twin towers. The exterior windbreakers are recommended to restrain the wind adverse effects in this paper. The macro heat exchanger model was adopted to simulate the heat exchange between circulating water and ambient air. The performances of natural draft dry cooling system (NDDCS) with and without exterior windbreakers were numerically studied. The pressure, velocity and temperature distribution of cooling air in wind angles of 0°, 45° and 90° was obtained and presented. The results show that in all wind directions, the performances for lateral sector of towers with windbreakers are significantly improved, but the low-pressure zone appears unexpectedly for the rear sectors, which reduces the air flow rate. The cooling performances of the twin towers with or without windbreakers decrease at first but then recover with the wind velocity increasing. Besides, the optimal flow and heat transfer performances appear in the wind angle of 0°. The cooling performances can be significantly improved in all three wind directions due to windbreaker configuration.

The Genetics of Endometriosis.

Mapping genetic risk factors for endometriosis continues from early studies on women's health initiated by Nick Martin and Susan Treloar. Their initial recruitment of endometriosis cases and family members received a major boost and became a flagship project within the Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for the Discovery of Common Human Disease. We extended the study through a formal collaboration with Professor Stephen Kennedy and his group in Oxford. Our first joint scientific meeting was held in Brisbane and was sadly memorable as the day the planes were flown into the Twin Towers in New York. Our initial collaboration expanded into the International Endometriosis Genetics Consortium (IEGC). The IEGC now has 15 groups around the world, and the most recent meta-analysis will be published this year.

Context as Environment

Context as Environment

Original

This text is in reaction to Samuel Huntington's celebrated piece on Clash of Civilisations, especially the discourse after the Twin Towers attack in 2001 (9/11) and subsequent commentaries and explanations on contemporary terror, especially by David Rapoport and the Wave Theory. The principal arguments are providing critiques on both Huntington and Rapoport, the former viewing the rising tide of contemporary organised terrorism as civilisational conflicts (in a historical sense of super cultures) and the latter, as generation wide waves at a global scale starting from Anarchism in late nineteenth century Europe. Here the genealogical enquiry refers to social--psychological perspectives from prehistoric times, shaping modern minds and the explanation around the disconnects between modern institutions like the nation states, (post French Revolution) and the exclusivistic perspectives of the little culturesthat refuse to forgo its identity in the nation state and democratic ethos of modernity and the modern world.

Mechanism and optimum design of shared tuned mass damper for twin‐tower structures connected at the top by an isolated corridor

SummaryThe concept of shared tuned mass damper (STMD) for twin towers linked by a sky corridor using flexible joints is proposed in this paper. The analytical expressions of the transform functions and random earthquake responses of the flexibly connected structures are derived using a three‐degrees‐of‐freedom model system. The seismic reduction mechanism of the STMD is revealed using comparative analysis between the structures with STMD and those connected using a viscoelastic damper. The effect of the nondimensional parameters such as the frequency ratio of the two primary structures, mass ratio, tuning frequency ratio of the corridor, and damping ratio of the passive control devices on the structural seismic response is investigated. Optimum parametric analysis is performed using the principle of minimizing the displacements of both towers, and the optimal parameter formulas are established. Numerical analysis is conducted to verify the control effectiveness of the connected multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system subjected to the El Centro earthquake ground motion. The results show that the earthquake responses of the towers can be effectively reduced if the parameters of the flexible connecting elements are appropriately selected for a certain corridor mass. Moreover, a remarkable seismic reduction effect can be achieved if the towers have similar dynamic properties.

In Conversation with Bill Rauch

In Conversation with Bill Rauch Sonja Arsham Kuftinec (bio) Bill Rauch’s inspiring ATHE keynote dwelled with the conference theme of transitions. He spoke on the cusp of a move from Ashland, where he had spent twelve years as artistic director of the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF), on his way to helm the new Perelman Performing Arts Center, under construction at the World Trade Center adjacent to where the Twin Towers once stood. Rauch movingly reflected on his time with OSF and on the company he cofounded in the 1980s, Cornerstone, as well looking ahead toward his new position. Invited to respond to this keynote, I in turn looked back on my relationship with Bill Rauch, which has spanned over twenty-five years. I reviewed the book and myriad articles I had written about Rauch’s always collaborative work, as well as our published interviews and conversations. I combed through this archive with a dramaturgical eye, seeking the themes developed and keynotes struck by our relationship as artist and scholar. While I noted shifts over time, a core value of what David Román has termed “critical generosity” sustained the relationship,1 enabling us to stay in conversation around the vexed dynamics of community and inclusion. I initially explored this conundrum of “community” through my first published article—in Theatre Topics—composed with the aid of an ATHE mentorship program. “A Cornerstone for Rethinking Community Theatre” (1996) launched an analysis of the company’s work by thinking through the terms of “community” as a realm of exclusion as well as inclusion. The article read Cornerstone through an ethnographic lens, as manifesting community meanings through social and symbolic systems. (As I write this, I imagine Bill’s cautionary note in my ear on the obfuscation of academic language.) I argued that while Cornerstone’s production process animated communal networks and public spaces, staged collectively generated narratives, and often prompted interpersonal and social reconciliations, productions could also elide contradictions and complexities. I still note Bill’s propensity to end shows with hopeful full-ensemble choreography, and he still responds about the necessity of that hope. And both of us have moved the other. Another recurrent theme emerged around doubleness and dialectics—particularly when Cornerstone worked with Brecht or when OSF’s repertory productions conversed with one another across stages. I wrote of “Cornerstone’s Community Chalk Circle” produced in 1995 with the Watts Labor Community Action Council (WLCAC) in Los Angeles, and of “Staging the City with the Good People of New Haven,” an adaptation of Brecht’s Good Person of Szechuan coproduced with the Long Wharf Theatre in 2000—both of which Rauch directed. Lynn Manning’s earthy adaptation in Watts drew attention to ethnic stereotypes as well as the ways that social circumstances defined characters. In Central Ave. Chalk Circle, black janitor Gertha Gibson (Grusha in Brecht’s original) escapes from police officers Superior and ButtKiss by playing into their stereotypes. “I thought I left some grits on the stove. I ran back to check (gesturing to Latina character) Right? Uh, Maria? (to Officer Superior) You know how we love our grits.” I also noted how Cornerstone ensemble member Lynn Jeffries’s design defamiliarized and illuminated. A world marked by paper and cardboard in the first act (narrated by the artist Azdak) shifted to one defined by janitorial iconography in the second act (narrated by Gertha). Both choices drew attention to the symbolic constructions of power: the clothing of the rich was made of tissue; the judge’s robe of garbage bags. And I still viscerally recall [End Page E-11] the moment that background wall units opened to reveal the WLCAC Warehouse setting as a police van drove downstage, its realism heightened by the stylized design worlds. I also recall the intense conversations Bill and I would have about the intersection of Cornerstone’s artistic and social impacts, which seemed moot when Central Ave. Chalk Circle won LA’s Ovation Award for best production. Click for larger view View full resolution Fig. 1. Bill Rauch delivering the keynote address at the 2019 ATHE conference. Conversations with Bill continued as I immersed myself in archives, interviews, and rehearsals of The...

Semantic complications in the war on terror discourse and manipulation of language by state and non-state actors

Since September 11, 2001, attacks on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon, the US along with its allies declared War on Terror, where the binary opposition of ‘Us’ vs ‘Them’ was firmly established and channelized via both electronic and print media. The media’s discourse on the war against terrorism has been an intriguing research area for linguists as well as international relations experts. This paper highlights the problematization in defining a universally accepted definition of terrorism, the idiosyncratic nature of the War on Terror and how it differs from conventional wars, and, later how media, state and non-state actors (those labeled terrorists) use language to legitimize their views.

“Some Black, Cracked Mirror, Barely Surviving Its Own Sharp Edges”: Steve Erickson’s Shadowbahn and the “Twinned,” Fractured Nature of Contemporary America

“Some Black, Cracked Mirror, Barely Surviving Its Own Sharp Edges”: Steve Erickson’s Shadowbahn and the “Twinned,” Fractured Nature of Contemporary America David Buehrer (bio) Steve Erickson’s experimental contemporary American fiction has always blurred the lines between realism and surrealism on one hand and the historical and fantastic on the other. Much like the late Denis Johnson, Erickson is best known for his “visionary, post-apocalyptic novels” that “combine features of the magical realists’ exaggeration of the familiar with Faulkner’s mesmerizing rhetoric and ability to explode time and space” (McCaffery and Tatsumi 395). In fact, Erickson himself, in a 1997 interview for Contemporary Literature, has described his penchant for such skewed chronologies in his works: “Faulkner [and then García Márquez] taught me how reality ticks not to the clock of time but the clock of memory . . . ” (qtd. in McCaffery and Tatsumi 415). As critic Lee Spinks describes them, “The radical discontinuities of Erickson’s fictional narratives are . . . a consequence of his commitment to describe an incident simultaneously from the perspectives of history and memory, which no longer occupy the same imaginative space, and which often project antagonistic versions of a common future” (222–23). This simultaneity1 is certainly central to his 2017 novel Shadowbahn, the author’s tenth,2 a fictional “dreamscape of contemporary American culture” (Spinks 224) reflecting Erickson’s “concern with the relation between different historical periods [which] is underlined by the continual movement of his narrative [ ] between past, present, and future” (Spinks 225–26). As David Leo Rice, reviewing the book for The Believer, explains: “Shadowbahn marks a culmination of . Erickson’s . vision of history as a porous entity, full of glitches, wormholes, and ‘Rupture Zones,’” with the novelist’s “simultaneous histories excavat[ing] buried layers of how our reality actually is, not alternate paths it could have taken or could one day take” (Rice). Two of the main characters’ (that is, Parker and Zema’s) father, later referred to “as music’s Supreme Sequencer” (SB 211)3 and writer of the liner notes for countless song pairings he has compiled for his future-directed playlists, puts it similarly (and this reads like a succinct synopsis of Erickson’s narrative trajectory for the novel): [End Page 1] “time is a shadow-highway of successive roundabouts with After occasionally preceding Before” (SB 125). Moreover, in a 2019 interview for The Believer, Erickson comments upon the “American obsession” underlying many of his fictions, saying, “it’s particularly exhausting these days when a pall hangs over everything that I think and feel about this country that’s become . some black, cracked mirror, barely surviving its own sharp edges” (qtd. in Knipfel). The trope of the mirror, as well as other reflective dualities and “twinnings” (Maazel BR 18), takes on both self-reflexive and inter / metatextual resonances in Shadowbahn. In fact, binaries and mirror / shadow images seem to structure the novel’s otherwise fragmented, disjointed narrative, “composed [as it is] of lists, snippets of dialogue, newspaper clippings, and free-floating paragraphs” (Rice). After the “Twin Towers” of the World Trade Center materialize inexplicably in the Dakota Badlands twenty years after their fall, everyone who makes the pilgrimage there—including the interracial brother and sister pair of Parker and Zema (who first appeared with their father Alexander “Zan” Nordhoc, a stand-in for “the world-famous author” himself [that is, Erickson], as he self-deprecatingly quips, in Erickson’s 2012 novel These Dreams of You)—“simply bears witness to the twin ghosts and whatever three thousand human ghosts haunt it” (SB 16). Throughout Shadowbahn, the name for “the secret highway . . . that cuts through the heart of the country with impunity” (SB 53), Erickson posits with his multiple pairings or twins—including the ghost of Jesse Garon Presley, the stillborn twin brother of Elvis, among others—“an alt-history that redefines the trajectory of American [culture and society]” at large (Maazel BR 18). More somberly if presciently, Erickson’s “historiographic metafiction” (Hutcheon 5) also looks ahead to an extremely near future in which the once-United States (now split into separate “Union” and “Disunion” territories) is socially, racially, and politically divided or rent beyond repair— that is, to...

South Africa's Weekly Media: Front-Page Reporting 9/11, Preventing Islamophobia

New York's twin tower bombings, popularly referred to as 9/11, are regarded as a watershed period in world affairs. It happened at the cusp of the new century and its impact, since then, has been enormous, for it radically changed many aspects of human life. Both the print and the electronic media were pivotal in these changes. Besides shaping the way that communities perceive others, it also influenced the manner in which communities are dealing with one another. Since a radical Muslim group was blamed for this dastardly deed and since Muslims were implicated for this reprehensible act, the secular media expectedly placed the Muslims - in majority and minority settings - around the world under the spotlight. The media's negative portrayal and reporting about Muslims did not only contribute towards a tendentious relationship between the media and the Muslims but it also contributed towards the spread of Islamophobia. This thus caused Muslims in both majority and minority settings to adopt a skeptical view of the role of the secular media. Considering these developments, this essay's focus turns to the South African print media that reported and analyzed their reporting of this event during that period. Since it is beyond this essay's scope to look at all the country' s daily and weekly tabloids, it restricted itself to two widely circulated South African weekly newspapers, namely the Sunday Times and Mail & Guardian. It first describes and discusses their front-page reports as they captured the tragic 9/11 event, before it reflects on their editorials -columns providing one with insights into the respective editors' understanding of this event and their perceptions of Muslims nationally and globally. Being a purely textual study, it conceptualizes Islamophobia as the essay's conceptual frame.

Puppets and Cities: Articulating Identities in Southeast Asia by Jennifer Goodlander

Reviewed by: Puppets and Cities: Articulating Identities in Southeast Asia by Jennifer Goodlander Lisa Morse PUPPETS AND CITIES: ARTICULATING IDENTITIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA. By Jennifer Goodlander. London: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, 2018; pp. 224. In Puppets and Cities, Jennifer Goodlander investigates the relationship among puppet performances, their audiences, and the city spaces they inhabit to determine how such interactions inform local and national identity. An ethnographic survey divided into case studies, the book begins with a theoretically orienting first chapter in which the author characterizes the city not simply as a performance space but as itself a puppet—dependent on human interaction to express identity. Building on the framework of social theorist P. W. Preston, who asserts that identity is a product of locale, network, and memory, the author aligns the city with Preston’s locale, the theatre with network, and the puppet with memory. Goodlander then explores the interrelationship among these elements within specific cities, considering their individual history, cultural values, economies, and traditions. In all, Puppets and Cities is an excellent resource for all students of Southeast Asian puppetry, as well as for theatre and performance scholars more generally. Following a brief overview of major periods in Indonesian history, chapter 2 considers two museums, and the puppet displays within them, as places where history and modernity co-create diverse Indonesian identities. Located near Jakarta’s center, the Museum Nasional Indonesia (MNI) is a product of colonial and postcolonial influences, displaying placards, puppet figures, and collected images of puppets as not only traditional ancient forms, but also as performing objects with specific personalities and characteristics that are relevant today. Within these contexts, Goodlander examines the interrelationship of past and present, and a progression from an ethnographic Dutch colonial view of wayang to an Indonesian postcolonial perspective favoring distinct Indonesian identities. While European influences permeate displays at the MNI, [End Page 399] images of Indonesian independence invoke a sense of nostalgia in the Museum Wayang. Goodlander describes an exhibit of wayang revolusi, which is a modern form of wayang encouraging Indonesian nationalism, as a space where local and global identities are put on display and celebrated. In this way, both museums engage with the past and present as they move toward building a national identity. Chapters 3 and 4 concentrate on puppet performances from Siem Reap, Cambodia, first the 2013 Season of Cambodia Festival (SOC) near the former twin towers site in New York City, and second the 2016 Giant Puppetry Project in Siem Reap. In both cases, Goodlander reveals how the past and the present are renegotiated in performance. The semiotics of the performance space for the SOC Festival’s sbiek thom (large puppet) performance aligned the genocide in Cambodia with the terrorist attacks in New York City, achieving a shared “memory after violence” that amplified the festival’s message of transformation and healing (44). Goodlander discusses how performers reimagine sbeik thom traditions, nearly erased by the Khmer Rouge, to envision a new Cambodian identity through inter-cultural performance. Three years later, the Giant Puppetry Project’s central parade, which brought together local and international audiences, artists, and sponsors, provides an opportunity for Good-lander to rethink the relationship between audience and performance in the formation of community. In her analysis, the parade exposes how Cambodia’s dependence on foreign aid and global influence holds back the reclamation of Khmer identity. Positioning the village at the center of Southeast Asian identity in chapter 5, Goodlander examines characteristics of tradition (country) and modernity (city) in a variety of performances from Laos, Indonesia, and Vietnam, in each case revealing an underlying longing for nostalgia. Modeled on a development in California yet built on a rice field on the island of Java, the residential development of Kotabaru in Bandung, Indonesia was the location for the Gunungan International Mask and Puppet Festival, which presented a traditional Balinese shadow puppetry (wayang kulit) performance with an international aesthetic. Describing innovations such as special lighting, projections, and the co-presence of human and puppet actors onstage, combined with traditional wayang aesthetics and characters in a rural setting, Goodlander illustrates a longing for rural identity within the modern landscape in a fusion of past and present. In chapter...

Effect of intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) before embryo transfer on biochemical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rate in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles: Prospective and interventional randomized comparative study

Objective: To study the effect of intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) before embryo transfer (ET) on biochemical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rate in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Design: Prospective and interventional randomized comparative study. Setting: Origyn Fertility & IVF, 4th floor, HB Twin towers, Netaji Subhash Place, Above Max Hospital Pitampura, New Delhi. Patients: All patients aged 23 to 38 years undergoing fresh or frozen ET or planned for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle are included in the study. Intervention: From August 2019 to March 2020, 80 patients were included in the study who were divided into two subgroups viz group “A” (Case group) and group “B” (control group). Group “A” patients were given 500 IU of hCG intrauterine 7 min prior to ET and in group “B” patients, the embryo was transferred directly. Outcome measure: Biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and implantation rate. Results: Clinical pregnancy rate was 52.5% in the case group and 45% in the control group. Biochemical pregnancy rate was 57.5% in the case group and 52.5% in the control group. Mean implantation rate was 30.41 ± 36.57 in the case group and 24.57 ± 30.42 in the control group. Conclusion: The intrauterine instillation of 500 IU of hCG 7 min before ET did not show any significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, and implantation rate. However, as this study was performed on a small group, its reliability in clinical practice needs further studies on a larger study group.

Effect of technological changes on airport security personnel: age-related analysis

Purpose- The aim of the study is to determine the impact of technological changes on age-based airport security personnel. Due to its strategic importance, airports have the potential to attract danger. There have been terrorist attacks at airports since the early years of aviation. Security control processes have been developed and implemented at airports since the 1970s. The airport security processes vary depending on the threat profiles. With the September 11, 2001 twin tower attacks, the world's aviation security processes have completely changed. Over the last decade, changes in the threat profile have occurred. The main purpose of aviation is to provide service to passengers by creating space and time benefits. The balance of passengers' comfort and safety to be maintained by air depends on the type of threats and the technology used in security. For this reason, large investments are made in the development of security technology at airports. Methodology- 28-item questionnaire was applied to the airport security officers over the internet. 276 security personnel working in airports participated in the study. Age-based analysis was performed using chi-square analysis. In this process, small-scale, relatively simple security systems at the airports, large-scale, high-tech systems were introduced. New technological systems are digital, networked, software oriented and mobile solutions. Although there is a rapid change in airport security technologies, the security personnel and the human element using the technology remain the same. Considering that human factor is the user of technology, the attitude of individuals towards technology is effective in ensuring airport security. Technological change has had a significant impact on the attitudes, behaviors and mental structure of the employees. Technological change causes many psychological effects such as monotony, boredom, fatigue, stress and anxiety. Findings- In the survey conducted to evaluate the approach of airport security personnel to technological change, 67% of security personnel were exposed to technological changes. The respondents defined technology as convenience and convenience (37%), innovation (36.6%) and efficiency (15.2%). Airport security personnel preferred to provide training and courses on the technology to be applied (48.6%) for the adoption of the new technology and 51.4% stated that they adopted the latest technological development applied in airport security in 7 days and under 6 days. 59.8% of the respondents stated that the technological change in airport security brought about an increase in the level of security. Conclusion- As a result of findings, it can be said that the management of technological change is important for organizations. Ensuring security at airports is important in terms of minimizing the psychological, social, economic and physical impacts of technology on security personnel due to the key human factor. Training of security personnel before the technological change to be applied increases the interaction between technology and individual and contributes to the personnel to make appropriate decisions because it recognizes the technology.

Thermodynamics of Tower-Block Infernos: Effects of Water on Aluminum Fires.

We review the thermodynamics of combustion reactions involved in aluminum fires in the light of the spate of recent high-profile tower-block disasters, such as the Grenfell fire in London 2017, the Dubai fires between 2010 and 2016, and the fires and explosions that resulted in the 9/11 collapse of the World Trade Center twin towers in New York. These fires are class B, i.e., burning metallic materials, yet water was applied in all cases as an extinguisher. Here, we highlight the scientific thermochemical reasons why water should never be used on aluminum fires, not least because a mixture of aluminum and water is a highly exothermic fuel. When the plastic materials initially catch fire and burn with limited oxygen (O2 in air) to carbon (C), which is seen as an aerosol (black smoke) and black residue, the heat of the reaction melts the aluminum (Al) and increases its fluidity and volatility. Hence, this process also increases its reactivity, whence it rapidly reacts with the carbon product of polymer combustion to form aluminum carbide (Al4C3). The heat of formation of Al4Cl3 is so great that it becomes white-hot sparks that are similar to fireworks. At very high temperatures, both molten Al and Al4C3 aerosol react violently with water to give alumina fine dust aerosol (Al2O3) + hydrogen (H2) gas and methane (CH4) gas, respectively, with white smoke and residues. These highly inflammable gases, with low spontaneous combustion temperatures, instantaneously react with the oxygen in the air, accelerating the fire out of control. Adding water to an aluminum fire is similar to adding “rocket fuel” to the existing flames. A CO2–foam/powder extinguisher, as deployed in the aircraft industry against aluminum and plastic fires by smothering, is required to contain aluminum fires at an early stage. Automatic sprinkler extinguisher systems should not be installed in tower blocks that are at risk of aluminum fires.

Tres días que conmovieron al mundo: panorama de las ciencias sociales (1989-2016)

<p>Este artículo reflexiona sobre cambios visibles —y algunas tendencias ocultas— en las ciencias sociales desde el fin de la Guerra Fría hasta la segunda década del siglo XXI. Se toman como puntos de articulación tres eventos geopolíticos y las respectivas inquietudes intelectuales que se han producido en este campo de conocimiento. Primero, la caída del Muro de Berlín y lo que fue conocido como el “fin de la historia”. Segundo, la destrucción de las Torres Gemelas en los ataques terroristas en Manhattan y lo que llamaron el “choque de civilizaciones”. Tercero, el referéndum del <em>Brexit </em>y la elección de Donald Trump a la presidencia de Estados Unidos, que conllevó al surgimiento de un “populismo antiglobalista”. De cada uno de estos tres episodios propongo una lección para mejorar nuestras prácticas contemporáneas en nuestras disciplinas.</p>

Seeking the Muslim Gandhi

Abstract This paper examines the question of Islam and its relationship to violence in Muslim reformer Asghar Ali Engineer’s pre- and post-11 September 2001 works in response to the attacks on the Twin Towers in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, DC. We argue that that while his pre-9/11 approach to violence offers a much more historical and systemic account of violence by viewing it as a societal problem involving a number of different agents, the post-9/11 evocation of Gandhi does the opposite. By evoking the figure of Gandhi in a post-9/11 context, Engineer not only addresses the issue of violence as a peculiarly Muslim one but forecloses any possibility to understanding violence as a historically evolving and systemically operating phemonenon. In ignoring this, Engineer finds himself well accommodated within the larger politics of Empire and its dehistoricised, naturalised, and individualised interpretation of Muslim related violence.