Twill Fabrics Research Articles

The Influence of Several Carbon Fiber Architecture on the Drapability Effect

The growth of the aeronautical sector leads to the growth of polymer composites application, creating new demand for components applications in complex dimensions and shapes. Regarding different methods of draping 2D fabric into a 3D format, the concern is to keep the fabric properties and characteristics, since fiber orientation is modified after draping. For that purpose, this study aims to evaluate the drapability capacity of 2D dry fibrous fabrics (plain, twill, satin, non-crimp-fabric 0/90, and ±45) into a complex geometry, i.e., spherical indent. The energy required to drape fabric is composed of fabric deformation mechanisms (shear and bending), which were used together with microscopic deformation analysis to determine the appropriate fabric architectures with the highest malleability. Both NCF fabrics presented high energy and roughness on the fabric surface due to the folding effect of stitching. On the other hand, plain and twill weave fabrics required lower energy to drape but demonstrated higher fiber misalignment and deformation. The satin warp/weft relation favored shear and bending mechanisms, presenting better uniformity in load distribution, symmetry on drape capability, lower deformation degree, and lower fiber misalignment. Despite the intermediate load and energy required for drape, ANOVA and optimization methods confirmed that satin fabric showed better malleability behavior for complex geometries applications.

FUNCTIONALIZATION OF WOVEN FABRICS BY 3D PRINTED STRUCTURES IN FUSED FILAMENT FABRICATION (FFF): EFFECTS OF INFILL PATTERNS ON TENSILE STRENGTH

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has an increasing popularity in recent years with easy availability and the wide range of applications in many fields. While producing textile-like structures with 3D technology is still a challenging problem, combining textiles with 3D printed structures enables the manufacture of many alternative structures in the field of textile applications. This study investigates the effect of 3D parts with different infill patterns printed onto the cotton woven fabric for tensile strength. For this purpose, 3D parts with concentric, grid and triangle infill patterns were printed onto plain and twill woven fabrics with polylactic acid (PLA) filaments in the Fused Filament Fabrication technique. Adhesion between fabric and 3D parts and tensile strengths of produced structures were measured to assess the effectiveness of 3D printing. Results showed that greater adhesion between 3D parts and fabrics were obtained for plain-woven fabrics. The infill patterns were also found effective for the tensile strength performance.

Effects of weaving structure and reduced graphene oxide application on electrical conductivity of woven fabrics

This paper reports a comprehensive evaluation of electrical conductivity characteristics of woven fabrics. Stainless steel weft yarn and polyester warp yarn have been selected to fabricate plain and twill woven fabrics with two different densities. In order to improve electrical conductivity characteristics of woven fabrics, the fabrics are treated with reduced graphene oxide. Electrical conductivity of samples is analyzed in accordance with fabric structure. Furthermore, the effect of reduced graphene oxide treatment on electrical conductivity of samples has also been investigated. The structural identification of samples is evaluated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that the electrical conductivity of fabrics improves with increase in density, and weave structure also affects the electrical conductivity. After the reduced graphene oxide treatment, the electrical conductivity of samples improves. The optimum conductivity of 442.28 S/m, for high density plain weave fabric dipped in reduced graphene oxide, was recorded.

Development and characterization of impact resistant fabric with better comfort for motorbike riders

Motorbikes are used for leisure and professional purpose. The abundant use of motorbikes gives rise to a high number of accidents resulting in serious injuries. The development of protective fabric for motorbike riders is the need of the day. This study aimed to develop an impact resistance comfortable fabric for motorbike riders. The high-performance fibers in different ratios were used to develop high-performance yarns, then used to manufacture the impact-resistant fabric. Five different blends of ring-spun yarns with linear densities of 30/2 Tex and 25/2 Tex were produced by using Kevlar, polyester, nylon, elastane, and cotton fibers. Z twill weave fabric was made on a rapier loom from these yarns. Moreover, the warp yarn was vat-dyed before preparing the fabric from it. The impact cut resistance and abrasion resistance of fabrics were tested. The results showed that the fabric developed from a yarn count of 25/2 Tex with 19% Kevlar, 17% polyester, 9% Nylon, 47% cotton, and 8% elastane fibers has excellent abrasion and cut resistance with the highest tear and tensile strength among all other fabric samples.

Application of Carbon-Flax Hybrid Composite in High Performance Electric Personal Watercraft.

Within the herein presented research, we studied the applicability of flax fabrics for composite parts in personal watercrafts in order to enhance damping of vibrations from the engine and noise reduction (which is relatively high for contemporary carbon constructions). Since the composite parts are intended to be exposed to humid environments requiring high levels of mechanical properties, a carbon–flax composite was selected. Samples of carbon, fiberglass, flax, and hybrid carbon–flax twill and biax fabrics were subjected to tensile and three-point bending tests. The mechanical properties were also tested after exposure of the samples to a humid environment. Damping was assessed by vibration and noise measurements directly on the complete float for samples as well as real parts. The hybrid carbon–flax material exhibited lower values of tensile strength than the carbon material (760 MPa compared to 463 MPa), but, at the same time, significantly higher than the other tested materials, or flax itself (115 MPa for a twill fabric). A similar trend in the results was observed for the three-point bending tests. Vibration tests and noise measurements showed reductions in vibration amplitude and frequency when using the carbon–flax hybrid material; the frequency response function for the watercraft part assembled from the hybrid material was 50% lower than for that made of carbon. Testing of samples located in a humid environment showed the necessity of surface treatment to prevent moisture absorption (mechanical properties were reduced at minimum by 28%). The tests confirmed that the hybrid material is satisfactory in terms of strength and its contribution to noise and vibration damping.

On the electromagnetic shielding properties of carbon fiber materials

Introduction. Due to the good electrical and thermal properties of carbon, carbon-based materials represent a major trend is various applications, including electromagnetic compatibility. Among carbon-based materials, graphite-impregnated woven fabrics represent a new trend in the field of electromagnetic shielding, with the perspective of being used for protective clothing. The novelty of the proposed work consists in the exhaustive comparative analysis of various carbon-based sample shields by employing both simulation and experimental methods. The selected configurations included a simple graphite plate, a graphite powder strip network, and a graphite-impregnated fabric with 2´2 twill weave. Purpose. The main scope of the analysis is to prove the efficiency of the graphite-impregnated twill woven fabric in the field of electromagnetic shielding. Methods. Two main research methods were employed: simulation and experiment, both following the same protocol: the shield placed in the middle, with the excitation (transmitting antenna) on one side and the measurement / receiving antenna on the other. The experimental stage was thorough, being performed in two different laboratories and by applying the double transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell method and the shielded box method. Results. A significant difference yielded from the comparison of the simulation and experimental results for the shielding effectiveness, probably due to the fact that the virtual model is an idealized version of the physical one, not taking into account its imperfections. The virtual analysis yielded the graphite plate shield as the most efficient, followed closely by the twill fabric. The graphite strip network had significantly poorer performance compared to the other two shields, probably due to the electrical contact imperfections between the graphite strips and the optical transparency of the shield. The main focus of the analysis was the twill woven graphite-impregnated fabric; therefore, its shielding effectiveness was determined through simulation and experiment. The experimental analysis was performed in two stages in two different electromagnetic compatibility laboratories, by employing the double TEM cell method and the shielded box method, respectively, both methods providing similar results and classifying the shielding performance as good. Practical value. The paper provides an accurate analysis of the graphite-impregnated 2´2 twill woven fabric in terms of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, by employing both simulation and experimental methods, and comparing its performance to the one other graphite-based shields.

Ti3C2Tx@nonwoven Fabric Composite: Promising MXene-Coated Fabric for Wearable Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors.

Although Ti3C2Tx MXene/fabric composites have shown promise as flexible pressure sensors, the effects of MXene composition and structure on piezoresistive properties and the effects of the textile structure on sensitivity have not been systematically studied. Herein, impregnation at room temperature was used as a cost-effective and scalable method to prepare composite materials using different fabrics [plain-woven fabric, twill-woven fabric, weft plain-knitted fabric, jersey cross-tuck fabric, and nonwoven fabric (NWF)] and MXene nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx, Ti2CTx, Ti3CNTx, Mo2CTx, Nb2CTx, and Mo2TiC2Tx). The MXene nanosheets adhered to the fabric surface through hydrogen bonding, resulting in a conductive network structure. The Ti3C2Tx@NWF composite was found to be the optimal flexible pressure sensor, demonstrating high sensitivity (6.31 kPa-1), a wide sensing range (up to 150 kPa), fast response/recovery times (300 ms/260 ms), and excellent durability (2000 cycles). Furthermore, the sensor was successfully used to monitor full-scale human motion, including pulse, and a 4 × 4 pixel flexible sensor array was shown to accurately locate pressure and recognize the pressure magnitude. These findings provide a basis for the rational design of MXene/textile composites as wearable pressure sensors for medical diagnosis, human-computer interactions, and electronic skin applications.

Effects of weft count and weft density on the surface roughness of 3/1 (Z) twill woven fabric

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of weft yarn diameter and pick density on the properties of surface roughness (SMD) of 3/1 (Z) twill-woven fabrics in three measurement directions weft (0°), the warp (90°) and the diagonal (45°). Design/methodology/approach Nine 3/1 (Z) twill samples were prepared with two factors and three levels and their roughness values were measured in the weft (0°), warp (90°) and diagonal (45°) directions of 3/1 (Z) twill fabrics using the Kawabata-FB4 instrument. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the effect of weft yarn diameter and pick density on SMD properties and comparisons were done in the weft (0°), the warp (90°) and the diagonal (45°) directions. Findings From experimental analysis, weft yarn diameter and pick density affect SMD of 3/1 (Z) twill-woven fabrics in both diagonal (45°) and weft (0°) directions but slightly affect warp (90°) direction. Maximum SMD values were observed in diagonal (45°) directions and the minimum was in warp (90°) directions of fabrics. Weft yarn diameter and pick density are statistically significant on SMD values of 3/1 (Z) twill-woven fabrics for three directions at a 95% confidence interval. Parameter variation in weft directions of 3/1 (Z) twill-woven fabrics also varies SMD values in three directions measurements Originality/value The findings of this study can be usually used for textile technology, industries and laboratories to create a basic understanding for measuring roughness properties of 3/1 (Z) twill fabric. It is also possible to identify the surface characterizations in different directions of measurement for their usage in some specific areas of end application like consumer goods, home textiles, technical textiles, etc.

Numerical and experimental study of buckling behavior of delaminated plate in glass woven fabric composite laminates

In the present study, the buckling behavior of delaminated plate in woven fabric composite laminates was studied. For this purpose, at first, the structure of woven fabrics was defined as shape functions. Then, the continuous analysis was used to study the bucking of delaminated plates. Based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method, the related formulations were developed to predict the critical buckling load of composite laminates. Three types of woven fabrics (viz. Plain, Twill, and Satin architecture) were used as reinforcements for polyester composites. The 8-ply laminated composites were fabricated using Vacuum Infusion Process (VIP). The results of buckling test showed that the critical buckling loads of laminates reinforced with Plain, Twill, and Satin woven fabrics are 1.35, 1.12, and 1.48 kN, respectively. Also, the results of analytical method are compared with experimental results and those achieved by the finite element method of analysis using ABAQUS software. Compared with experimental results, the maximum error of analytical and FE models is about 17% and 10%, respectively.

BTCA ve CA Çapraz Bağlayıcılar Kullanılarak Pamuklu Kumaşın Kopma ve Yırtılma Mukavemetinin Geliştirilmesi

Polycarboxylic acids are used as crosslinking agents with sodium hypophosphite which do not contain formaldehyde. In this study, breaking strength, breaking elongation and tear strength of cotton(twill weave)fabric samples were determined by using twill fabrics, six different coating recipes, produced with 100% cotton yarns. The results of breaking strength, breaking elongation and tear strength testing were compared according to the fabric structure, coating recipes and crosslinker structure statistically. A significant increase in tensile strength was observed after coating with 1g Cu2O|

Effect of heat treatment on crystallinity and mechanical properties of flexible structures 3D printed with fused deposition modeling

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely used 3D printing technique, which works based on the principle of melted polymer extrusion through nozzle(s) and depositing them on a build plate layer by layer. However, products manufactured with this method lack proper mechanical strength. In this work, 2/1 twill weave fabric structures are 3D printed using poly (lactic) acid (PLA). The ultimate tensile strength in the warp and weft directions and the modulus (stiffnesses) are measured for non-heat-treated (NHT) samples. The printed samples were heat-treated (HT) to improve the strength and stiffness. The variation in ultimate tensile strength is statistically insignificant in warp direction at all temperatures; however, the tensile strength in weft direction decreased after heat treatment. The modulus in warp direction increased by 31% after heat treatment while in the weft direction it decreased after heat treatment. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests showed the highest crystallinity at 125°C. The properties of the twill fabrics were compared with a standard dog-bone (DB) specimen using uniaxial tensile tests, Differential scanning calorimetry tests, and optical microscope (OM). For dog-bone specimens, the maximum values of crystallinity, ultimate tensile strength, and modulus were found to be at 125°C. The maximum crystallinity percentages are higher than that of the NHT samples. The ultimate tensile strength of NHT DB specimen 3D printed in horizontal orientation improved after heat treatment. The ultimate tensile strength of DB samples in vertical directions increased after heat treatment as well. The stiffness increased in both directions for DB samples.

A Comparative Study on Physical and Comfort Properties of Yarns and Hand-woven Fabrics Produced from Virgin and Recycled Fibers

Products produced from textile industries cannot meet the needs for human kind since the population of the world grows exponentially; due to this the recycling of textile materials has gained massive importance in textile and clothing sector. In this study, it was aimed to analyse recycled fibers effect on the yarn and hand loom fabrics as their proportion increases. For this purpose, OE rotor yarns produced by varying the recycled fibers proportion at 25%, 50, and 75% and compared with 100% virgin cotton yarns. The physical and mechanical properties of the yarns such as unevenness, imperfections, hairiness, breaking force, elongation, were measured by Uster Tester 4 SX, Uster Zweigle Hairiness Tester 5, and Uster Tensorapid 3. Then after hand loom fabrics with plain and twill fabrics are produced from produced yarns of different recycled fiber proportions. The effects of recycled fiber proportion on produced hand-woven fabric properties such as pilling, abrasion resistance and air permeability were also evaluated. Results showed that yarns and fabrics produced from recycled fibers blended with virgin cotton are suitable for applications where the strength of yarns and fabric are less critical, but where unevenness, imperfections and handle properties required thus, hand loom fabrics Produced can suitably used for home furnishing applications like table cover, curtains, wall covers and pillow cases.

Weaving and mechanical properties test of polylactic acid/ramie composite fabric

In view of the weak mechanical properties of polylactic acid fiber, the excellent mechanical properties of ramie fiber are selected to enhance the performance of polylactic acid fiber, thereby forming a composite fabric, and weaving plain weave fabric, twill weave fabric, satin weave fabric and square plain fabric by weaving method., Twill change fabric and satin change fabric six kinds of fabrics. Electronic thickness meter, electronic strength meter, and electronic bursting tester were used to test the thickness, tensile fracture and burst performance of 6 kinds of fabrics, and the reasons for the differences between the fabrics were discussed. The research results show that the mechanical properties of composite fabrics are better than those of pure polylactic acid fabrics. In addition, in terms of tensile fracture performance, the satin weave fabric is the strongest, and the satin weave is the strongest in burst performance. In terms of fabric thickness, the lowest thickness value is plain weave, but the thickness value, tensile breaking and bursting properties of square flat fabrics are ranked second, so the overall performance is always the strongest.

Influence of Plain, Twill, and Satin Weave Structures on the Optimum Colorfastness Properties of Reactive Dyes

The objective of this work is to study the influence of the plain, twill and satin weave structures on the colorfastness properties of reactive dyes. From the results, it can be concluded that plain weave fabric showed the optimum colorfastness properties due to its compact interlacement structure compared to twill and satin weave fabrics. Three types of plain, twill, and satin weave fabrics of different weave structures and weights (g/m2) were used in this research. The dyes, auxiliaries, and chemicals were applied, and the colorfastness tests were carried out in accordance with the test methods provided by ASTM and AATCC standards. Color strength (K/S) values were obtained using a reflectance spectrophotometer. A projection microscope was used to take cross sectional diagrams of the yarns for assessment. FTIR instrument transmitted infrared radiation to the dyed samples of up to a few microns to measure the spectroscopy within the visible spectral province with the maximum infrared ray (IR) peak values. The peak values of the FTIR device assured the presence of colorant or chromophore existing in the dyestuffs which were liable to expose the best colorfastness properties. This research is experimentally-based, and the findings are useful to personnel involved in cellulose fabric dyeing with reactive dyes and to the control of color properties. This research opens potential ways for scholars to advance study in this field.

Characterization of Joule heating and deconsolidation behavior of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites under self‐resistance electric heating

AbstractAs an effective heating method, self‐resistance electric (SRE) heating was applied for welding, hot stamping and curing process of composites. In this study, the characterization of Joule heating and deconsolidation behavior of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (CFR‐PA6) laminate under SRE heating were investigated. A series of experiments were performed to build the relationship among geometry sizes, current density and temperature response. Then the relationship between the temperature rising rate and current density of CFR‐PA6 laminate with twill weave fabric was determined. The temperature evolution of specimen with a hole under SRE heating was also discussed. Furthermore, the deconsolidation behavior of CFR‐PA6 specimens under SRE heating as well as oven heating was characterized through macroscopic and mesoscopic properties. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests of specimens were also conducted. The results indicate that the temperature response of CFR‐PA6 laminate is mainly determined by the current density and their relationship can be described by a quadratic function. It is found that voids appear both inside the fiber bundles and resin‐rich areas owing to the thermal mismatch between the resin and carbon fibers after SRE heating, while no voids inside the fiber bundles were observed after oven heating. The deconsolidation behavior of laminate after SRE heating reduces the ILSS.

Low-velocity impact response of Kevlar/epoxy aluminum laminates

In this experimental study, the low-velocity impact behavior of aluminum–Kevlar laminates (ARALL) was investigated. ARALL composites were prepared in two different configurations as aluminum–Kevlar–aluminum (AKA) and Kevlar–aluminum–Kevlar (KAK). The aluminum alloy used in the preparation of the samples was supplied as 5754 series 2 mm thick plates. Kevlar fabrics were supplied in a weight of 300 g/m2 and in twill weave type. Laminated composites with Kevlar twill fabrics were made through hand lay-up followed by the compression-molding process. [K]4 composite laminates were obtained by curing Kevlar/epoxy laminates under 100°C and 7 bar pressure for 180 min. Then, samples of size 100 × 100 mm were cut from the plates with a water jet. The cut specimens were bound together with two-component adhesive. An Instron Dynatup 9250 HV impact test device was used for impact tests. The energy profiling method was used, which expresses the impact energy and the corresponding absorbed energy. The increasing impact energy was performed on the two configurations of ARALL composites until perforation occurred. The perforation threshold of AKA samples was approximately 70% higher than that of KAK samples.

A novel approach for pineapple leaf fiber processing as an ultimate fiber using existing machines

This research aims to study the spinnability of pristine PALF and PALF blended cotton using the existing spinning machines. Apron draft ring spinning frame and flyer jute spinning frame were used to produce 100% PALF yarn and the yarns count were found 121 tex and 138 tex separately. Besides, 90:10 and 80:20 cotton-PALF blended 30 tex yarn spun in a cotton spinning system with different twist factors. With both yarns, two samples; 1/1 plain and 3/1 twill fabrics, were fabricated through equal density. For plain and twill fabric, PALF yarn of 121 tex and 138 tex were used in the warp way, respectively and PALF blended cotton yarn of 60 tex was used in the weft way. Through the study, physio-mechanical properties of the samples were explored and FTIR & XRD patterns were analyzed to perform the task for diversified use as an ultimate fiber in industrial and domestic purposes.

국내산 친환경 면직물에 대한 연구 - 목화재배부터 제품화 -

The purpose of the current study was to find possibility of eco-friendly cultivation, spinning and weaving with domestic seeds of cotton. In the process of cotton cultivation, chemicals such as bleach or softener are not used in the fabrication of yarn or raw paper, and are likely to be seen as unbleached light by completing all processing steps only to boil and catch width. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a design suitable for domestic organic cotton bedding that can satisfy consumer propensity to diversify and personalize consumption patterns. In this study, not only do we exclude pesticides or fertilizers in the cotton cultivation process, but we do not use chemicals such as bleaching or softener deduction in the fabrication process, and we also review the possibility of developing domestic organic cotton fabrics by finishing all processing steps. Physical property came out UHML(in)1.92 was longer than US(1.65), Brazil(1.118), and UI(%)84.9 is high than (82.4), Brazil(81.3) Str.(g/tex)27.3 was low than US(31.4), Brazil(27.5), Mic. was high than US(4.0), Brazil(3.8). Organic tests were gone through noninclusion formaldehyde, phenols, Dioctyltin(DOT), Monobutyltin(MBT), Tributyltin(TBT), Dibutyltin(DBT), organotin compound, riphenyltin(TPhT), insecticide in KOTITI Testing & Research Institute. The yarns been productized in CM30s organic plain twill fabrics of 37.4kg. The fabrics been used infant jeogori, bib, cap and shoes quilting technique by hand, and designed 3 form of patterns quilted pad. The cotton flower designs were developed from going through cultivation of various kind of cotton. The cotton flower patterns were applicated organic cotton fabric bedding cover with the cotton flower pattern for fabric painting coloring and embroidered. Embroidered blankets using cotton flower designs are designed to remove the hassle of re-sewing the single layer whenever the blanket is washed, so that the entire exterior can be washed only by zipping the inner layer with domestic eco-friendly cotton.

Influence of yarn hybridisation and fibre architecture on the compaction response of woven fabric preforms during composite manufacturing

Fabric preforms undergo transverse compaction during composite manufacturing. This compaction changes the preform thickness, fibre volume fraction (FVF), tow geometry and voids for resin flow. In this paper, influence of yarn hybridisation and fibre architecture on the compaction response of woven fabric preforms has been studied. A series of cyclic compression tests have been carried out on both dry and wet preforms. The effect of hybridisation on compressibility has been investigated for single as well as multilayer fabrics. The influence of interlacement pattern (twill and satin fabrics) with hybrid yarns has also been investigated. Nesting efficiencies of multilayer stacks have been studied by utilising mechanical test results. Additionally, the meso-structure of single and multilayer fabrics under 1 bar pressure has been analysed using SEM images. It is observed that the thickness reduction for single layer twill hybrid fabric is 38% while thickness reduction for twill S-glass fabric is 67% at 100 kPa. Moreover, single layer hybrid twill fabrics have shown higher compressibility resistance (60% thickness reduction at 100 kPa) compared to single layer hybrid satin fabrics (which showed 67% thickness reduction at 100 kPa). Whereas opposite trend is observed for multilayer hybrid fabrics due to nesting effect.

Geometrical Modelling of Herringbone Twill Fabric for Prediction of Thermal Resistance Using Finite Element Method

Geometrical Modelling of Herringbone Twill Fabric for Prediction of Thermal Resistance Using Finite Element Method