TV Broadcast Research Articles

Performance evaluation of DVB-t image transmission over a MIMO OWC channel at 650 nm under varying turbulence regimes

With the convergence of Information, telecom and broadband services, the digital TV broadcast has undergone a drastic change. For 5G and beyond, the Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) is gaining popularity as a distribution technology in access networks. However, OWC channel is undeterministic in nature due to its interaction with the atmosphere. A great deal of effort has been devoted in the existing literature to determine Quality of Service (QoS) performance for broadcast over an OWC channel whereas Quality of Experience (QoE) has been frequently overlooked. With this motivation, a holistic performance appraisal comprising of both QoS evaluation in terms of Symbol Error Rate (SER) and QoE assessment in terms of a visual indicator i.e. Structure Similarity Index (SSIM) is presented for a DVB-t image transmission over an OWC link under different turbulence regimes with Single Input Single Output (SISO) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. The results show that the improvements suggested by QoS from designer perspective need not necessarily pertain to quality enhancement at the end user side.

EU: Valid Prohibition of Regional Advertising on Nationwide TV Broadcasts

EU: Valid Prohibition of Regional Advertising on Nationwide TV Broadcasts

Band pass filter comparison of Hairpin line and square open-loop resonator method for digital TV community

The selection of the right filter design method is a very important first step for a radio frequency engineer. This paper presents the comparison of two methods of band pass filter design using hairpin-line and square open-loop resonator. Both methods were applied to obtain filter designs that can work for broadcasting system in digital television community. Band pass filter was simulated using design software and fabricated using epoxy FR-4 substrate. The results of simulation and measurement shown return loss value at 27.3 dB for hairpin line band pass filter and 25.901 for square open-loop resonator band pass filter. Voltage standing wave ratio parameter values were 1.09 and 1.1067 for hairpin line and square open-loop band pass filter respectively. The insertion loss values for the Hairpin line band pass filter and square open-loop band pass filter were 0.9692 and near 0 dB, respectively. Fractional bandwidth, for hairpin line band pass filter, was 6.7% while for square open-loop band pass filter was 4.8%. Regarding the size, the dimension of square open-loop resonator was approximately five times larger than hairpin-line band pass filter. Based on the advantages of the hairpin line method, we recommend that researchers choose the filter for digital TV broadcasting.

PUBLIC VIRTUES AND PRIVATE PLEASURES: HOW TV CULTURE EMERGED IN SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA

Television represented the transformative technology in the 20th century, and it has also served as a major social and cultural force for modernization after World War II, on both sides of the Iron Curtain. In socialist countries television was closely connected with future-oriented ideology, and aimed to provide the democratization of knowledge, promotion of socialist values and development of socialist citizenry. The beginning of TV broadcast in socialist Yugoslavia in 1958 gave way to the gradual development of TV culture during the sixties and seventies, the overall impact of which on the subjectivities and everyday lives of the viewers was undeniable. The aim of this paper is to briefly outline the context in which television culture in socialist Yugoslavia emerged and achieved momentum, pinpointing two periods: the penetration of TV into small places and villages during the sixties and the socio-cultural influence and ramifications of the broadcast of "Peyton Place" in the early seventies.

Adaptaciones en la realización televisiva del deporte en directo por la COVID-19

La irrupción del COVID-19 ha afectado a la producción televisiva de contenidos en directo. Los eventos deportivos televisados han alterado sus calendarios y su reanudación ha sido condicionada a la evolución de la pandemia. En la mayoría de los casos, se suprime la presencia del público en los recintos deportivos. Las principales competiciones han desarrollado modificaciones en su cobertura televisiva sujeta a las disposiciones de las autoridades sanitarias. Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar las adaptaciones desarrolladas en la realización televisiva de un conjunto representativo de eventos deportivos durante la crisis sanitaria. También tiene como objetivo identificar cómo las innovaciones aportadas afectan a la recepción de los contenidos. La metodología aplicada combinó el estudio de caso y el análisis de contenido. Mediante el primero, se buscó tomar como referencia dos casos específicos de adaptaciones televisivas: competiciones europeas de fútbol y la NBA. En cuanto al segundo, el tratamiento de los datos seleccionados fue organizado en categorías a partir de las innovaciones encontradas en su retransmisión televisiva. Los resultados obtenidos indican cómo la incorporación de nuevos elementos durante la emisión televisiva de los grandes eventos deportivos permitió reforzar la experiencia de la audiencia, sobre todo con un incremento de recursos virtuales.

Discouragement effect and alternative formats to increase suspense in professional biathlon

ABSTRACT Research Question The paper analyzes mass start competitions in professional biathlon, where 30 biathletes start simultaneously. This structure allows us to test the existence of discouragement effect, according to which biathletes reduce their efforts when lagging far behind the leaders. Research Methods We use data on all 180 mass start competitions, for both genders, in World Cups, World Championships, and Olympic Games between the 2001/02 and 2019/20 seasons, and compare the gap times between the two consecutive ranks. For the same period, we execute the same analyses for all sprint and individual competitions that use interval starts. Results and Findings We find that, in mass starts, the 95% confidence intervals of the gap times between the two consecutive ranks overlap in the range of rankings between 3 and 25 among men and between 5 and 24 among women, with mean gaps of 6.6 and 7.7 seconds among men and women, respectively. However, that gap increases sharply for the four bottom ranks (that is, ranks 27–30), which have mean gaps of 29.8 and 31.2 sec among men and women, respectively. However, in sprint and individual races, the lag time between two consecutive ranks does not exceed 4 (sprint) and 10 (individual) seconds in the range of rankings between 10 and 60. Implications The results suggest that bottom-ranked biathletes in mass starts strategically reduce their efforts when there is nothing at stake. Such a strategy increases the duration of TV broadcasts and does not help maximize suspense, which is one of the main drivers of TV demands in professional sports. We offer an alternative format, according to which a certain number of the bottom-ranked biathletes will be eliminated after each bout of shooting. Such a format should dramatically increase the suspense-to-time ratio.

The impact of celebrity influence and national media coverage on users of an alcohol reduction app: a natural experiment

BackgroundSmartphone apps are increasingly used for health-related behaviour change and people discover apps through different sources. However, it is unclear whether users differ by mode of app discovery. Drink Less is an alcohol reduction app that received national media coverage in the UK caused by celebrity influence (a male TV and radio national broadcaster, aged 51). Our aim was to compare users who discovered the app before and after this coverage.MethodsA natural experiment assessing the impact of media coverage of Drink Less on users’ socio-demographic and drinking characteristics, app engagement levels, and extent of alcohol reduction. The study period was from 17th May 2017 to 23rd January 2019, with media coverage starting on 21st August 2018. Users were 18 years or over, based in the UK and interested in drinking less. Interrupted time series analyses using Generalised Additive Mixed Models were conducted for each outcome variable aggregated at the weekly level.ResultsIn 66 weeks prior to the media coverage, 8617 users downloaded the app and 18,959 in 23 weeks afterwards. There was a significant step-level increase in users’ mean age (B = 8.17, p < .001) and a decrease in the percentage of female users (B = -27.71, p < .001), though these effects dissipated non-linearly over time. No effect of media coverage was detected on employment type or on the percentage of at-risk drinkers, though the mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score was lower after the media coverage (B = -1.43, p = .031). There was a step-level increase in app engagement – number of sessions (B = 3.45, p = .038) and number of days used (B = 2.30, p = .005) – which continued to increase over time following quadratic trends.ConclusionsCelebrity influence leading to national media coverage in the UK of the Drink Less app was associated with more people downloading the app who were male, older and engaged with the app; and did not appear to impact employment inequality.

A compact CPW-fed wideband antenna with circular fractal elements for multiband operations

In this article, a compact flower-shaped CPW-fed antenna is designed for a multiband application. The proposed antenna is created by adding circular fractal elements to edges of the octagon and a slot is created with a similar structure of smaller dimension which is responsible for multiband resonance. The antenna has a compact size of 25 mm × 25 mm, and it exhibits four resonance frequency bands at 2.82 to 6.43 GHz, 7.36 to 8.52 GHz, 11.21 to 12.2 GHz, and 14.05 to 15.83 GHz, respectively. Various antenna characteristics parameters like return loss, VSWR, impedance, radiation pattern, current distribution, substrate material properties are discussed. Antenna design can be used for different applications such as WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), WLAN (IEEE 802.11b, 802.11a/g), INSAT, fixed satellite, ITU band, X-band satellite communication, TV broadcasting, BSS, FSS, and Ku-band.

Radio Propagation in Terrestrial Broadcasting Television Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

During the last two decades, terrestrial TV broadcasting has evolved from analog to digital technology, permitting a better spectrum efficiency, being more resistant to noise and interference as well as improving signal quality. High Definition TeleVison (HDTV) has been introduced to enhance the viewer's experience. HDTV and Ultra High Definition TeleVision bring the challenge of having a quasi-error free performance at a bit error rate as low as 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> ; i.e. less than one uncorrectable error during one hour's continuous transmission of 5 Mbps data stream. Such low error rates require robust standards, careful network planning and optimized service operation. Propagation phenomena have a direct (and possibly critical) impact on those three pillars. This paper fills the current gap of a thorough survey on propagation methods and models for broadcasting. We contribute to this field with a description and analysis of propagation phenomena concerning different aspects of the broadcast network planning, broadcast standard evaluation, and broadcast service operation. The paper provides also a technical perspective of state-of-the-art TV broadcast standards and discusses the relevancy of propagation studies with future and development and regulation challenges.

Reduction of Subjective Listening Effort for TV Broadcast Signals With Recurrent Neural Networks

Listening to the audio of TV broadcast signals can be challenging for hearing-impaired as well as normal-hearing listeners, especially when background sounds are prominent or too loud compared to the speech signal. This can result in a reduced satisfaction and increased listening effort of the listeners. Since the broadcast sound is usually premixed, we perform a subjective evaluation for quantifying the potential of speech enhancement systems based on audio source separation and recurrent neural networks (RNN). Recently, RNNs have shown promising results in the context of sound source separation and real-time signal processing. In this paper, we separate the speech from the background signals and remix the separated sounds at a higher signal-to-noise ratio. This differs from classic speech enhancement, where usually only the extracted speech signal is exploited. The subjective evaluation with 20 normal-hearing subjects on real TV-broadcast material shows that our proposed enhancement system is able to reduce the listening effort by around 2 points on a 13-point listening effort rating scale and increases the perceived sound quality compared to the original mixture.

ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL-TACTICAL ACTIONS OF CENTRAL MIDFIELDERS

The observations were held in 2020-2021 during the competitive matches of the Champions League and Euro league Cups and European countries (England, Spain, Germany, Italy). The observations were made by analyzing the videos and TV broadcasting, during which T. Mueller ("Bavaria"), K. De Bruyne ("Manchester City"), B. Fernandez ("Manchester United"), L. Modric ("Real"), H. Mkhitaryan ("Roma") were observed in 4 matches each. During the research, we developed a viewing card, including all the technical and tactical actions used during the game. When studying them, the accuracy of the action was marked by plus (+) or minus (-) sign.

A compact CPW-fed wideband antenna with circular fractal elements for multiband operations

In this article, a compact flower-shaped CPW-fed antenna is designed for a multiband application. The proposed antenna is created by adding circular fractal elements to edges of the octagon and a slot is created with a similar structure of smaller dimension which is responsible for multiband resonance. The antenna has a compact size of 25 mm × 25 mm, and it exhibits four resonance frequency bands at 2.82 to 6.43 GHz, 7.36 to 8.52 GHz, 11.21 to 12.2 GHz, and 14.05 to 15.83 GHz, respectively. Various antenna characteristics parameters like return loss, VSWR, impedance, radiation pattern, current distribution, substrate material properties are discussed. Antenna design can be used for different applications such as WiMAX (IEEE 802.16), WLAN (IEEE 802.11b, 802.11a/g), INSAT, fixed satellite, ITU band, X-band satellite communication, TV broadcasting, BSS, FSS, and Ku-band.

Візуальні прийоми телевізійного контенту в різдвяно-новорічний період

In the research were analyzed visual techniques that were used to fill the content of Ukrainian TV channels in the period from the beginning of December to the end of January. The Christmas and holiday season are not officially included in a separate category of TV programming, but the season is fundamentally important for attracting the viewer’s attention and for setting the further price of airtime for advertisers. The article is one of the first attempts to consider this aspect broadly/extensively and to outline the current vectors of studying the specifics of the program content of TV channels in the period of Christmas and holiday season, therefore this article is promising for the applied social communications area. In order to describe the main visual techniques, that are used in television content, the authors emphasize on their diversity, also they leave space for the further analysis of other nonverbal and verbal elements of the screen communication, that are used during festive period. Researchers have selected the TV channels logos, the program broadcast in the night from December 31.12.20 to January 01.01.2021, as well as other screen products of the different genres, telefilms and movies, that were shot and presented on TV broadcast in different years. Among the main research methods were used the following: content-analysis, which contributed to a thorough study of the software network of TV channels broadcasting, observation and comparison, which helped to outline the common and different characteristics of software products and broadcasts in general, induction method, which helped to form the key screen concepts. The suggested conclusions provide grounds for the statement, that the choice of content for filling TV channels during festive season is based on commercial inquiries, creative and technological resources of the television producers. In addition, the authors mention the segment of Christmas and New Year congratulations of head of state as promising for the further research.

A deep hybrid model for advertisements detection in broadcast TV and radio content

A deep hybrid model for advertisements detection in broadcast TV and radio content

Сопоставительный анализ английской и русской речи через иерархии релевантности

The article discusses similarities and dissimilarities between the communication patterns of native speakers of the Russian and English languages in two geographically separated regions based on the transcripts of podcasts, TV and radio broadcasts for the audiences of Russia and the USA. Here we advance a hypothesis that such patterns can be represented in a hierarchical form. Using the occurrence rates of Russian and English lexical units, hierarchies are built, referred to as the relevance hierarchies. These structures based on the texts in the two languages are compared to identify notions, phenomena and topics that are the most relevant in the language communities under consideration and thus give an insight into the current worldview of native speakers. Additionally, we carry out a morphological analysis of the first 500 units and divide them by parts of speech in both languages’ hierarchies. We determine the occurrence rates of individual grammatical categories in the compared sets of texts. On the given scale, the so-called grammatically unambiguous nouns and verbs are listed and correlated for the two languages. We point out the most relevant notions in the English and Russian discourses, draw parallels and note differences. The paper is concluded by possible explanations and views about language-specific characteristics, as well as by remarks on some stylistic peculiarities in native speakers’ use of their respective mother tongues. Finally, we outline potential areas of further study by stressing the importance of context-based analysis and present our research method in the form of a Web tool as an initial step in this direction.

МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ КОНКУРС ИМЕНИ П.И. ЧАЙКОВСКОГО КАК ФЕНОМЕН ИНТЕРНЕТ-ТРАНСЛЯЦИИ

The International Tchaikovsky Competition has been held for sixty years and has become a tradition with an intention to renew itself. An essential aspect of this is the webcast, which, being performed at the highest level, not only develops the established democratic orientation of this competition, but makes the competition a relatively independent artistic event. The empirical base of the research is Internet broadcasting of XV and XVI competitions. Method – a comparative analysis, performed in the context of cultural knowledge. The article analyzes the features of the modern Internet broadcast of the competition, which distinguish it from previous TV and Internet broadcasts. The specific difficulties of shooting musical events related to their duration and the static of what is happening, as well as the resources that were used by the director and operators of "Medici.tv" in the creative solution of these problems, were understood. It is shown that the perception of the online broadcast of the competition is not inferior in terms of artistic criteria to the impression that the listener who attends the concert receives, but this is a different impression, not canceling, but supplementing the traditional one. On this basis, the conclusion is formed that the Internet broadcasting enriches the artistic culture. It provides the audience with new opportunities for creative perception of an artistic work. In addition, the webcast allows the art critic to carry out research on the phenomena of the performing arts at a fundamentally different level, to increase the degree of reliability of the knowledge gained. Previously, the theory of performing arts relied on an unreliable empirical research base: a single viewing and listening to a concert version of a work and memories of it. Webcasting allows multiple viewing and listening, verification of the findings, including through the use of computer programs, which allows one to overcome the degree of subjectivity that is unacceptable for science, which is inevitably present in art criticism, based on the empirical experience of a researcher attending a concert, protects against the accidents of perception that lie in wait for the listener in the concert hall. And the theory of performance objectively becomes on a par with other branches of art history - the theory of painting, architecture, musicology, studying musical notation, etc. The webcast changed the status of the Tchaikovsky Competition. Initially, in 1958, it was conceived and implemented as, first of all, a socio-political event, marking the beginning of the period of the "policy of openness" pursued by the leadership of our country. Thanks to the webcast, the competition has become a completely self-sufficient event - it exists as a “piece of art”, which you can which can be enjoyed again and again, just as we re-read works of classical literature over and over again.

WITHDRAWN: Content piracy: A large scale logo dataset for classification through deep learning

Abstract Content piracy is increasing and spreading rapidly across different regions considering the kind of online infrastructure that we have these days. The primary aim of these online infrastructure is to provide the platform where-in authorized and legal content is been pushed from the service provider till the end-user. Over a period of time, the digital online infrastructure system has been misused by pirates to copy the original content and retransmit this pirated content using the same digital online infrastructure system. One of the methods to check if it is a pirated content is through visual analytics of broadcast logo. In this paper we will be discussing on the openly available datasets of TV broadcast channel logos (Indian channels), development of new scalable TV broadcast channel logo corpus across different regions and genres. A total of 450 TV broadcast channel logos have been collected of different regional language for genres like (Sports, Movies, Kids and Cartoon, Entertainment etc.) Each Logo is subjected for various data augmentation techniques to expand the logo corpus and hence strengthening the deep learning logo classification. Further this paper discusses about using this logo corpus on YOLO v2 state of art object detection algorithm and recognizes different logo classes. Experimental results are recorded for different inference logos of varying pixel context.

A prominent approach to design low noise amplifiers for 802.11 wireless receiver frontends

With the efforts of innovative consortium, wireless local area network (WLAN) became alternative standard in wireless local area networking applications. From the beginning the data rate keeps pace from mega bits per second (Mbps) up to giga bits per second. The ease of adaptability of WLAN protocol and the need for high data rate communication system made a reason to develop a solution and to incorporate real time wireless transceivers on network interface cards and FPGAs. Over the past decade, the RFIC technology became the hive of communication industry, with the proliferation of 802.11 a, g, n, ac, ad wireless protocols. The applications like ultra wide band (UWB), digital TV broadcasting and global positioning system found their way to main-stream gadgets. With the design preferences such as interconnect parasitics, interconnects and coupling between devices the passive elements must be precisely designed. In this article, novel requirements of low noise amplifier (LNA) design for 2.4 GHz application with noise modelling is presented.

Using the MGB-2 challenge data for creating a new multimodal Dataset for speaker role recognition in Arabic TV Broadcasts

Speaker role recognition is an important component in multimedia analysis for applications such as speaker naming, speaker diarization and video summarization. The lack of labeled datasets for this task has constrained algorithm evaluations. In this paper, we present a new multimodal dataset for speaker role recognition in Arabic TV programs. The dataset is artificially created using data provided by the Multi-Genre Broadcast challenge dataset. We also describe our algorithm for the processing and creation of speaker segments and their corresponding transcripts from audio documents. The spoken transcript and the speaker segments are automatically annotated for their speaker role of presenter, reporter, or a guest speaker. Based on these artificial annotations, we demonstrate for the speaker role labeling the importance of taking into account multimodal information for predicting speaker role. We present a monomodal and multimodal speaker role recognition approaches on speaker segments mined from television programs, with audio and textual classification baselines over a three-way speaker role labeling of presenter, reporter and guest.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗАВАНТАЖЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ В УМОВАХ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ ОСВІТИ І ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ

Розглянута методика оцінювання пропускної спроможності каналів зв’язку і маршрутизації інтернет-пакетів в умовах дистанційного навчання. Виконано дослідження медіа сервісних платформ Microsoft Teams, Google Zoom та Skype. Особливістю методики є поєднання прямих і непрямих методів оцінювання пропускної спроможності каналів зв’язку. Застосування даної методики надає змогу провести оцінку існуючих на ринку рішень для реалізації дистанційної освіти. Це дозволяє зробити висновок щодо доцільності використання описаних вище сервісів для дистанційного навчання. В підсумку таке дослідження допомагає оцінити завантаженість каналів та ефективність роботи дистанційного моніторингу віддалених об’єктів коли часова затримка в доставці інформації має суттєве значення. Результати експерименту показали, що в цілому розглянуті платформи дуже схожі в режимі розмови з використанням тільки голосового трафіку. Бітрейт в цьому випадку коливається в діапазоні 100-130 Kбіт/с. Суттєва розбіжність між платформами спостерігається під час сеансу зв’язку з використанням відео трафіку. Відмінності між платформами в бітрейті для цього випадку складають більше 90% (в окремих випадках понад 100%). Дослідження показало, що заванженість інтернет-каналу в б удні д ні з більшувалась після десятої години дня. Платформа Microsoft Teams забезпечує найкращу якість відео зображення. За якістю звуку не відзначено відмінностей між платформами. Загальні рекомендації при організації он-лайн телевізійної трансляції полягають в наступному: для голосового трафіку можна обрати будь-яку з запропонованих платформ, через те що розбіжність їх характеристик незначна; для організації відео зв’язку доцільніше використовувати сервіс Google Zoom; для організації сеансу зв’язку з демонстрацією екрану краще всього обрати медіа платформу Microsoft Teams. Проведені дослідження дозволили оцінити навантаження яке виникає під час сеансу зв’язку. Результати експерименту показали, що медіа платформа Google Zoom при рівній якості зв’язку створює менше навантаження на магістральні інтернет-канали. Технічним результатом отриманим в даній роботі є створення інструментарію для вибору оптимальної медіа платформи для організації дистанційного зв’язку.