Turkish Work Research Articles

Minority Stress of Workers as Internal Customers: A Case Study in Turkey

LGBT+ workers are invisible in Turkish work life. This paper aims to investigate LGBT+ workers as internal customers and how their performance in the workplace is affected by minority stress. Since LGBT+ individuals face covert discrimination in the workplace, this might cause minority stress. According to this argument, this study will investigate whether minority stress causes performance loss in the workplace and whether this affects LGBT+ people's performance as internal customers. Grounded theory approach has been used in this research. To conduct the qualitative study, 36 phone interviews were conducted. Participants were recruited with the snowball sampling method. The interview form was prepared according to the Human Rights Campaign’s Corporate Equality Index questionnaire and included a video that shows a job interview. Based on the results, minority stress causes performance loss in the workplace. The findings highlight that LGBT+ individuals generally prefer not to be out at their workplaces because of internalized homophobia, perceived stigma, and prejudiced events concerning their sexual identity and gender expression. Furthermore, nondiscrimination is not legally enshrined in Turkey. LGBT+ individuals face covert discrimination in the workplace, which affects their performance as internal customers. Only a few Non-Governmental Organizations have reported on LGBT+ individuals’ working situation. This research paper comprehensively examines their work lives and attitudes towards companies. Keywords: LGBT+, internal customer, minority stress, gender, workplace

THE SCIENCE OF DRESS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY: AVANZADE MEHMET SÜLEYMAN

Bir insanın göz, kulak, burun, saç, diş ve muhtelif uzuvlarından yola çıkarak karakterinin ve ahlakının yorumlandığı ilme “kıyafet ilmi” adı verilmiştir. Bedensel özelliklerinden kişinin huyunun ve yapısının analiz edilmesi halk inanışlarında çok eskiden beri var olmuştur. Eski Mısır, Yunan, İran, Sasani, Roma ve Hind kültürlerinde bu ilim bilinmekte olup çeşitli eserler kaleme alınmıştır. Katip Çelebi, Hipokrat’ın hastalara teşhis koyup tedavi etmekte bu ilmi ustalıkla kullandığından bahsetmektedir. Eflatun’un da inzivada bulunurken bir nakkaşa kendisiyle sohbete gelenlerin resmini çizdirdiği, bu resimle sohbet etmeye karar verdiği bilinmektedir. İslam dünyasında ise ilk eser 768’de İmam Şafi tarafından verilmiştir. Osmanlı dönemine gelindiğinde Bedri Dilşad tarafından II. Murad’a sunulan “Murad-name” adlı eserde sima konusuna değinilmiştir. İlk Türkçe müstakil eser ise Akşemseddin-zade Hamdullah Hamdi’nin 1449’da kaleme aldığı Kıyafetname’sidir. Daha sonraki dönemlerde Osmanlı ilim dünyasında ilgi gören kıyafetname türü eserler Osmanlı son dönemine kadar devam etmiştir. 1871-1922 arasında yaşayan Avanzade Mehmet Süleyman, muhtelif alanlarda eserler vermesinin yanında hayatının sonlarına doğru kıyafet ilmi ile alakalı dört eser kaleme almıştır. Bunlardan ikisini telif etmiş, ikisini ise çeviri yapmıştır. İlk olarak ayaklar üzerine Ahvali’l-kadem adlı eserini kaleme alan Avanzade, eserinde aslında kadem ilmini tanıtmakta, bununla ilgili çalışmalar yapılması gerektiğine vurgu yapmaktadır. Daha sonra yüz doksan iki sayfa olan Musavver ve Mükemmel Kıyafetnamesini kaleme almıştır. Eserinde resimlere yer vermesinden dolayı “musavver” adını verdiği bu kitabında klasik kıyafetname literatüründen farklı olarak ülkelerden, milletlerden, ırklardan, kadın ve aile yaşamından bahsederek çok yönlü bir külliyat oluşturmaya çalışmıştır. Avanzade’nin milletlere geniş bir şekilde yer vermesinde dönemin coğrafya anlayışının da etkisi söz konusudur. Öyle ki özellikle II. Abdülhamid döneminden itibaren Osmanlı ilim adamları Osmanlı dışındaki ülkelere ilgi duymuşlar, oralara gitmeye çalışmışlar, üzerine yazılar yazmışlardır. Avanzade bu anlayışın etkisiyle milletlerle ve ülkelerle ilgili kendisi hem müstakil çalışmalar yapmış hem de kıyafetnamesinde buna geniş bir yer ayırarak ilm-i kıyafete farklı açıdan yaklaşmıştır. Diğer tarafta yaşadığı dönemde var olan kadın tartışmaları bağlamında kendi görüşlerini dile getirmiş, Besim Ömer’den aldığı yazılarla da bunu desteklemeye çalışmıştır. Avanzade Mehmet Süleyman’nın ilm-i kıyafet alanında en hacimli eseri olan Musavver ve Mükemmel Kıyafetname bu anlamıyla dönemin ilmi hayatının ve düşüncesinin tam içerisinde yer almakta, dönemin ruhunu yansıtmaktadır. Bahsedilen telif eserlerinden sonra bu alanda iki tercümesi bulunan Avanzade’nin kimden çeviri yaptığı hususu belirsizdir. İlk olarak 1917’de “Musavver ve Mükemmel İlm-i Sima Ahlak ve Tebayi-i Beşerin Simadan Keşfi” adıyla bir eser tercüme eden Avanzade, Avrupa dillerinde mükemmel bir eser gördüğünü, bunun faydalı olacağını düşünerek tercüme etmeyi uygun gördüğünü eserinin başında yazdığı mukaddimede dile getirmektedir. Öyle görünüyor ki Avanzade bu eseri Johann Kaspar Lavater’den özetleyerek tercüme etmiş olup aslında bakıldığında Musavver ve Mükemmel Kıyafetname’sinin de bir özeti niteliğindedir. Diğer eseri “Ulum-ı Hafiyeden İlm-i Kıyafet Sima ve Kıyafet Vasıtasıyla Keşf-i Ahlak ve Tebayi” adıyla yaptığı bir tercümedir. Eserin müellifi belli olmamakla birlikte eserin içerisinde Avanzade’nin bir eserine atıf yapılması bu tercümesinin Avrupa dillerinden yapılmamış olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Avanzade Mehmet Süleyman, ilm-i kıyafet sahasına sadece simadan karakter analizi yapmayarak farklı bir yöntemle yeni bakış açısı getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Avanzade’nin eserlerinin detaylı bir kritiği yapılarak bahsedilen anlayış ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Böylece hem Osmanlı’da kıyafet ilmine hem de Avanzade Mehmet Süleyman’ın biyografisine bir katkı sunulmuştur.

Social and economic exchanges with the organization and employee work outcomes: a study in Turkish work context

Purpose - Social Exchange Theory is one of the most influential concepts in organizational behavior literature. It provides a wide comprehension upon exchange dynamics both at an interpersonal and organizational level. This study presents and tests a framework that links the two different forms of employee–organization exchange, namely social exchange and economic exchange with important employee outcomes– affective commitment, in-role behavior, extra-role behavior and turnover intention. Methodology – The study was conducted in the province of Istanbul/Turkey, based on convenient sample of 195 participants from private organizations. Participants were contacted through snowball sampling technique via the researcher’s personal and professional contacts. For testing the hypotheses of the present study, simple regression and multiple regression analyses were utilized. Data obtained from the participants were analyzed through SPSS 22. Findings- . Results indicated that social exchange is positively related with affective commitment, in-role behavior, extra-role behavior and negatively related with turnover intention. On the other hand, economic exchange was found to be negatively related with affective commitment and turnover intention while positively related with in-role behavior. Economic exchange did not significantly predict extra-role behavior. This study has provided partly inconsistent results found in similar studies conducted in the Western work settings. Conclusion- The findings of the present research in the Turkish work settings seems to draw the attention to a need for further detailed studies on the specific relationships between social and economic exchange and important employee work outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

Çalışma Yaşamında Ayrımcılık: LGBT Bireylere Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma

This study focuses on sexual orientation discrimination in the Turkish work life, which is a relatively less studied subject in Turkish literature. The study aims to determine the discriminatory behaviors against LGBT + individuals who are in active work life due to their sexual orientation if any. The study follows a qualitative research design. Based on an interview protocol, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 LGBT+ individuals using a snowball sampling method. Content analysis of the data emphasizes five distinct issues. First, it is determined that LGBT+ individuals in Turkish work life are subjected to formal discrimination in such as recruitment, dismissal processes. Findings also demonstrate that LGBT+ individuals are subject to informal discrimination through disdain, insult, etc. behaviors. Additionally, the findings of the study indicate a homophobic work environment in the Turkish context. Moreover, it is found that LGBT+ individuals use various mechanisms to cope with discriminatory behavior at the workplace, and mostly tend to conceal their sexual orientations. Finally, findings reveal that this process affects LGBT+ individuals in a negative way.

Work and Family Life Reconciliation Policies in Turkey: Europeanisation or Ottomanisation?

This paper is an endeavour to explore and explain the Europeanisation patterns of gender equality in a longstanding candidate country, Turkey, with regard to the specific policy areas of work and family life reconciliation over the last two decades. To achieve this goal, this paper has utilised a combination of literature review, document analysis and 43 semi-structured in-depth interviews with European Union (EU) officials, representatives of social partners and international women’s organisations, as well as Turkish political elites and representatives of civil society organisations. The collected data have been analysed through the thematic analysis research method. Relying on an extensive review of the related literature and policy documents together with the data collected, this paper contends that the process of Europeanising Turkish work and family life reconciliation policies has remained contradictory, incomplete and patchy. Although the Turkish government has made various legislative changes in response to the adaptational pressure coming from the EU, a closer examination of those legislative amendments indicates a continued disconnect between Turkey and the EU in the specific policy area of work and family life reconciliation.

What Could the Translation of a ‘Retelling’ Imply for Translation Studies?

The purpose of this study is to scrutinize the implications that The Canterbury Tales: A Retelling (2009) by Peter Ackroyd and its Turkish translation hold for Translation Studies. The study will focus on the translation concepts of ‘retelling,’ ‘intralingual translation,’ ‘indirect translation,’ and ‘retranslation.’ The motivation for this study stems from the manner in which the books were introduced into the English and Turkish literary systems. The Turkish translation entitled Geoffrey Chaucer’ın Canterbury Hikâyeleri (Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury tales) (2017) designates Peter Ackroyd as the ‘author,’ and is presented as a “translat[ion] from the English original” (Ackroyd 2017, 5). In the English edition, on the other hand, Ackroyd appears as the ‘translator’ of this “original,” with Chaucer named as the ‘author.’ Another noteworthy point is that Geoffrey Chaucer’ın Canterbury Hikâyeleri was preceded by other translations of Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales in Turkish. The current study explores how to conceptualize the translational statuses of The Canterbury Tales: A Retelling and Geoffrey Chaucer’ın Canterbury Hikâyeleri through discussing the existing definitions of ‘retelling,’ ‘intralingual translation,’ ‘indirect translation,’ and ‘retranslation.’ This study argues that the English work is, in fact, an ‘intralingual (re)translation,’ and the Turkish work can be called both an ‘indirect translation’ and a ‘retranslation through indirect translation,’ where ‘indirect’ refers to the process. Along with this, it also offers two new categories for the typology of “intervening texts” in retranslation (Alvstad and Rosa 2015): ‘single intralingual retranslation’ and ‘compilative inter- and intralingual retranslation through indirect retranslation.’ The study ends with a discussion of the implications of the English and Turkish works in question with regard to the ideas of ‘originality’ and ‘authorship.’

Use of the Movies in the Turkish Language and Literature Education in Turkey

The aim of the present research is to investigate the teachers’ use of movies in their classes for the teaching of literature and their opinions on this technique. The research is designed as a case study. The target group of the research, selected on information-oriented sampling, consists of 44 Turkish Language and Literature teachers who graduated from 27 different Turkish universities and work in education centers, state and foundation schools and enrolled in Okan University pedagogical formation program. The responses given to the open-ended questionnaire items prepared by the researcher are interpreted qualitatively by means of content analysis. The data obtained from the research are interpreted under the categories of (1) the movies used in the classroom, (2) the purpose for which the movie is used in the classroom, (3) the selection of movies according to literary genres, (4) benefits of the educational movies for research group, (5) limitations of the educational movies for research group. Depending on the research results, some recommendations are made for the use of movies in the classroom.

How do Different Age Groups Approach Work in Turkey

Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to understand the impact of age on work values and work centrality. The study was conducted in Istanbul, Turkey with the participation of 935 university graduate, corporate white-collar employees of large companies in Istanbul. In-depth interviews were conducted for the qualitative stage and a web-based survey was administered for the quantitative stage of data collection. An important contribution of this study is the emic items identified for the Turkish work context. These emic items are suggested to be incorporated to work values inventory for future research. The results indicated differences in work values among different age groups as well as changes among age groups in the level of importance of work. Keywords. Work values, Work centrality, Age, Turkey. JEL. J50, J60, J61.

The Fetternear vestments at the Blairs Museum

This article illustrates and describes in detail a fine central European chasuble of the late c17 which, together with two dalmatics, ‘The Fetternear Vestments,’ were bequeathed to the Diocese of Aberdeen, in 1921 by the Leslie family, many of whom had been distinguished soldiers on the continent and especially in the Empire. After some contextual discussion of the alleged origins of the Leslie family and of their success in Imperial service, the article examines the traditional belief that the vestments, now at the Blairs Museum, Aberdeen, were made for Count James Leslie (c.1621-1694) partly out of Turkish textiles captured in 1683 at the Siege of Vienna. Detailed analysis of the embroidery on the chasuble, especially of the use of metal thread and ‘plate,’ demonstrates that the gold work is indeed of Turkish origin, the rest of the needle work central European, and thus makes the case that this extraordinary hybrid object is indeed a votive vestment made for the Catholic Leslies partly from captured Turkish work.

ÖRGÜTSEL DEĞİŞİM SİNİZMİ: ÇALIŞANLARIN DEĞİŞİME KARŞI TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİNE YÖNELİK NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

This study focus on the phenomenon of “organizational change cynicism” that can be defined as “neg- ative or pessimistic perspective towards organizational change” and how to manage this phenomenon. For the study which designed as descriptive and subjective qualitative research, data is collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Emic approach is adopted ro determine the characteristics of organizational change cynicism in Turkish work life context. In this regard, focus group discussion is performed with eight people from different industries and in-depth interviews are conducted with sev- en people to determine the cynical attitude towards organizational change. As a result of data analysis, basic dimensions of organizational change cynicism is identified as “experiential”, “administrative” and “acquiring”.

Integrating Turkish Work and Achievement Goals With Schwartz's Human Values.

The purpose of this study was to examine the integration of indigenous values developed in Turkey to Schwartz’s universal values. Students (N = 593) from six universities in Istanbul responded the value scale, which consists of 10 etic PVQ items (each item representing one of 10 main Schwartz values) and 23 emic WAG items (representing work-achievement goals). PROXSCAL, a multidimensional scaling method, was used to test whether etic and emic sets of values integrate and form the universal circular structure proposed in Schwartz value theory. The motivational continuum of values as a circular structure was similar to pan-cultural results, but adding another value type to the openness to change pole. While some of the items in this region represent autonomy of thought, remaining items diverge. The principle of conflicting values on opposite poles was not supported in relation to openness to change-conservation dimension. These two poles had similar priorities, contrasting with pan-cultural results, and demonstrating a culture-specific aspect of responding to motivational goals. Insights gained by emic studies will be functional in enriching understanding values, and contributing to the comprehensiveness and universality of Schwartz value theory.

Primary Teachers Manual 1st Class Turkish and Fitness Level Student Work Book of the Constructivist Learning Approach

Bu calismada Ilkokul 1.Sinif Turkce Dersi Ogrenci Calisma ve Ogretmen Kilavuz Kitaplarinin yapilandirmaci ogrenme yaklasimina uygunlugu incelenmistir. Yapilandirmaci ogrenme yaklasimini temsil edecek olcutler ve olcutlerin kitaplarda nasil tespit edilecegine dair ozellikler kaynak taramasi sonucunda hazir olarak alinmistir. Bu calisma sonucunda elde verilen bulgulara gore; incelen Ogrenci Calisma Kitabi’nda ve Ogretmen Kilavuz Kitabi’nda, yapilandirmaci ogrenme kurami isiginda hazirlanan ders kitaplarinda bulunmasi gereken olcutlere yonelik etkinlikler yer almistir. Fakat bu olcutlere rastlanma sikligi ve orani birbirinden farkli sayida ve oranlardadir. Bu durum incelenen kitabin yapilandirmaci ogrenme olcutlerinin tamamini yansittigini; fakat olcutlere yonelik oranlar arasindaki buyuk farklilik kitabin yapilandirmaci olcutler bakimindan kismi olarak yeterli oldugunu gostermektedir.

Understanding the polarity between work alienation and the importance of work: evidence from Turkey

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the conceptual and empirical grounds of how work alienation and work centrality differ from one another. The concern that these two variables may lie on different axes of the same concept is tackled in relation to work values. In this respect, the effects of work values (intrinsic vs. extrinsic work values) on both work alienation and work centrality have been examined. Turkish employees working in SMEs are targeted to fill out a questionnaire which includes Turkish work values inventory developed by Tevruz and Turgut (2004), Mottaz’s (1981) work alienation scale and Kanungo’s (1982) work centrality inventory. In total 209 Turkish employees participated in the study. The preliminary findings showed that work alienation and work centrality are distinct concepts and that only work centrality could be predicted by work values.

A Research Regarding the Listening Types Used in Secondary School Turkish Work Books

Listening skills are an important part of communication and listening skills appropriate to the activities to be developed. Listening to the students often Ex-pressed in theory , this theoretical knowledge to transform behavior is seen to be a systematic effort . Listening skills also need to be developed originally acquired in anatural environment . Educational environment is also obliged to provide this development . Turkish education and training to ensure the development of listening skills in the Turkish program , Turkish courses and study books and is one of the main tasks of Turkish teachers . In this study, Ozbay (2012 ) which determines the types of listening Turkish secondary school studies associated with listening activities found in the books and what kind of listening which is used at the class level is de- termined at what rate . These ratios in the light of the types of listening in listening activities are taken into account and that the use of these types of comments were made about the increase in rates . This research produced a descriptive survey is a survey on the structure . Scan data source based on the model of this study , 2012 - 2013 academic year junior high school students in the province of Malatya Turkish lessons and workbooks distributed as contained in the book consisted of activities related to listening skills.

Health, Wealth or Family Ties? Why Turkish Work Migrants Return from Germany

In the 1960s and 1970s, hundreds of thousands of Turkish workers migrated to Germany. Some settled there, others returned to Turkey after a few years. To explore how the experience of life between two cultures and in transnational families affected the decision to return, we conducted focus-group sessions with male returnees in Turkey who had spent varying lengths of time in Germany. Return was rarely based on purely economic or health-related motives; value-oriented and emotional themes almost always played a role. There were complex interactions between particular themes, e.g. perceived health status and economic success. We organised our findings into three ‘ideal types’: first, the ‘nostalgic’ returned migrant who is facing socio-economic problems in Turkey and has a transfigured notion of life in Germany which he would like to but cannot resume; second, the ‘cultural traditionalist’ who considers Turkish culture superior and left Germany without remorse after having made some money; and third, the ‘player of two systems’ who thrives in both Turkey and Germany. This typology helps to structure and understand the complex themes underlying the decision to return-migrate.

Immigrant and Ethnic Minority families: An Introduction

The impact of intergenerational transmission processes on the intercultural contact and ethnic identification of second generation adolescents is studied in five different groups of migrant families: Italian, Greek, and Turkish work migrants, German repatriates from Russia, and Jewish immigrants from Russia to Israel. In each group, 400 dyads of parents and adolescents with the same sex were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire in the language of origin or of the receiving society. Four possible outcomes of intercultural contact are distinguished: integration, assimilation, segregation, and marginalization. An explanatory model is proposed that relates these possible outcomes systematically to the availability of social and cultural capital in migrant families and to intergenerational transmission processes. The empirical analysis compares measurement for ethnic identification and network characteristics for the parent and the child generation as an indication of intergenerational transmission. It reveals considerable variability between migrant groups which can not be explained by classical assimilation theory and thus demonstrate the adequacy of the suggested model.

Intercultural Contact and Intergenerational Transmission in Immigrant Families

The impact of intergenerational transmission processes on the intercultural contact and ethnic identification of second generation adolescents is studied in five different groups of migrant families: Italian, Greek, and Turkish work migrants, German repatriates from Russia, and Russian Jewish immigrants in Israel. In each group, 400 same-sex dyads of parents and adolescents were interviewed by means of a standardized questionnaire in the language of origin or of the receiving society. Four possible outcomes of intercultural contact are distinguished: integration, assimilation, segregation, and marginalization. An explanatory model is proposed that systematically relates these possible outcomes to the availability of social and cultural capital in migrant families and to intergenerational transmission processes. The empirical analysis using structural equation modeling compares the results for each migrant group. It reveals considerable variability between migrant groups that cannot be explained by classical assimilation theory, thus demonstrating the adequacy of the suggested model.

Migration and change in parent-child relationships: the case of Turkish migrants in Germany.

The main aim of this paper is to explain the change of educational attitudes and socialization practices in Turkish migrant families by an individualistic costs-and-benefits-model and to confront this with empirical findings. This model is an interesting theoretical alternative to the widely accepted 'sociological' value-explanations stemming from the Durkheim-Parsons-Tradition. A variety of empirical detail phenomena (even) out of the domain of parent-child relationships, such as generative behavior, early childcare, educational attitudes, familial socialization, sex-typing, under varying contextual and individual conditions could be related to a common nomological core which works with few, simple basic assumptions. This explanation is mainly a more complete reconstruction of the approach contained in the studies on the 'values of children' (especially in Turkey). This reconstruction was extended to assumptions on parent-child relationships under changing familial contexts and individual conditions which result from migration. In particular, processes were emphasized which result from a combination of context opportunities and individual alternatives. The data for this study came from the research project "Socialization and Interaction in Families of Turkish Work Migrants" and was collected in 1984. 520 interviews were conducted. The empirical analysis shows once again that it is neither necessary nor meaningful to claim a special methodological or theoretical status for the explanation of behavior under migrant conditions as has often been the case for research on minorities with great cultural distance, seeking 'other' research methods as well as 'genuine' explanations. The general explanation discussed here has proved to be rather steadfast, even for cross-cultural research purposes. Nevertheless, the use of general explanations does not suspend the methodological necessity to find specifically valid indicators for the actors in the respective different situations of action. However, this general problem of empirical confirmation, which is, of course, intensified in the case of social differentiation and of cross-cultural comparisons, can be separated analytically from validity problems.

The Byzantine-Turkish Fountain in the Archaeological Museum of İstanbul

There is a double fountain of marble in the open - air display of the Archaeological Museum of İstanbul, situated in the first garden to the left of the Çinili Köşk. This monument (inventory number 3217) was first published by A. M. MANSEL in 1931. Its lower, main body is Byzantine, carved out of a monolithe marble with two niches. The crown cut at the top is a Turkish work. The back of this small monument, which was used as a fountain during the Turkish era, is covered with a decoration in relief, which clearly shows that originally it was a Byzantine work. Here are seen the curls of acanthus leaves, coming out of a kantharos and spreading symmetrically. In the middle there is a cross, whose lateral arms were wiped off during the Turkish era. We think that the lower part, that is, the section belonging to the Byzantine era, was originally related to a water system, and most probably it was also constructed as a fountain. Though the decoration at the back, by its motif and the technique of carving, indicates the VI and VII centuries, it should be taken into consideration that this type of embellishment was used until the XIIth century. During the Turkish era, this Byzantine monument was reshaped as a Turkish fountain during the XVI-XVII centuries, as is realized from the buds of the crown at the top.

Faraḥ-nāma of Shaikhī

Turning over the sheets of some of my old books I found a very complicated question in the field of Ottoman poetry which I wish to discuss below.The late Russian orientalist, V. D. Smirnov, in the second edition of his Turkish Chrestomathy, published a number of extracts from a Turkish (Ottoman) poem mathnawi entitled . In the preface he makes the following explanatory note concerning this poem (the square brackets are mine): “the extracts (pp. 433–437) are from , Budapest manuscript No. 24, dated 928/1522. And in the title of the codex we read, and in the text the author, many times mentioning himself, names himself (f. 13v., 120r., 210r.), (f. 107v.); thus it is certain that this work, written in 829/1425 is by Moḥammad ban Ṣāliḥ Bījān (+1449), the author of the famous Turkish religious poem . But neither in the European catalogues, nor in [the book of] Ḥājjī Khalīfa is there mentioned such a work with the name of Yāzījī Oghlī. The last [Ḥājjī Khalīfa] remarks quite vaguely that is a Turkish work in verses, belonging to Shaikh Zāda, who wrote it in the reign of the Sultan Yildirim (Ḥ.Kh. iv, 412, No. 9007). The poem of Ibn Khaṭīb is extremely interesting because of its archaic language and orthography, as well as because the religious-didactic thoughts of the author, which are contained in it, in the spirit and style of the Mawlawi works, like, for instance, of 'Āshiq, but, perhaps, with a little greater fanatical Moslem passion and enmity towards non-Moslems, especially Christians (for example, f. 128r., 209a–210).”