Turkish Literature Research Articles

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AITYS GENRE AMONG KAZAKH AND TURKISH PEOPLE

Aitys is a special genre that occupies a special place in our national literature. All types of aitys require eloquence, mobility, and ingenuity. In Kazakh and Turkish literature this genre is in accord with social, socio-political issues. Using jokes, humor and satire in their improvised verses two poets compose dialogue on significant changes and various social phenomena within the country. At the same time by giving a clear, rational reply to the opponent, one can be on an advantageous position. Poets also use this aitys genre of verses competition to convey their inner feelings of mood. At all times, aitys genre can be called a mirror of its era. Therefore, the study of such diverse characteristics and specific features of the aitys genre, its generality as a harbinger of social situations is considered one of the main tasks of the science of Kazakh literary studies.
 Improvisational talent is the natural talent of the poet. Aitys genre requires great responsibility and deep knowledge in different spheres. Accepting the advantages of other poets in his/her environment and advancing his/her knowledge should be considered as the stage of the poet's ascension.
 Kazakh aitys genre works have more improvisational feature, have a large and artistic content, descriptive of a long chronicle about the country’s and people’s life, while the assonant rhymes of Turkish atyshma are subject to a special condition and certain rules of artistic schedule. It can be said that the basis of both theatrical and dramatic art is connected here. A characteristic feature of Kazakh and Turkish traditions is their formation in ancient times, when both nations had a common spiritual heritage and even a common stat.
 Aitys is a common heritage of the Turkic people. Aytys genre is a phenomenon of the Turkic-speaking peoples culture that spread orally.
 As the object of the study was selected and considered the artifacts of the ancient Turkic era, the first versions of aitys, as well as the works by folk poets of the XIX-XX centuries and the Kazakh and Turkish aitys types, which are main subjects for the research relevance.
 The article analyzed deeply the division of the aitys genre into subtypes, its methods, features and similarities among the Turkic peoples based on the opinions and conclusions of Kazakh and Turkish scientists.

Tradition of Writing Arbain in Turkish Literature: on the Example of “Arbain” by Alisher Navoi and Muslikhiddin Mustafa Akhtari

Tradition of Writing Arbain in Turkish Literature: on the Example of “Arbain” by Alisher Navoi and Muslikhiddin Mustafa Akhtari

The Role of the Great Turkish Khan Babur and his Generatıon in the Development of Turkish Literature

The Role of the Great Turkish Khan Babur and his Generatıon in the Development of Turkish Literature

A Story of Old Anatolian Turkish: Ayniddīn’s Dāsitān-ı Hatun Mesnevi [06 Mil Yz A 3881/6

Dastān-ı Hatun Masnavī is a significant ḥikāya written in verse, which is a part of Turkish literature from the Islamic period. The story revolves around a poor and devout woman who resides in Mecca, left to raise her son after her husband’s passing. One day, during a fit of anger, the child hurls bread at his mother, inadvertently causing her right eye to go blind. The woman harbors resentment towards her son for an extended period, but towards the end of the story, he is spared from a potentially fatal punishment through the intercession of Hasan and Hüseyin. A miraculous event unfolds when the Prophet Muhammad adorns his turban—the child is miraculously restored to full health. Furthermore, when the Prophet tenderly wipes the woman’s face, she regains her previous well-being. This tale underscores the paramount importance of a parent’s toil and devotion, as well as the boundless love and compassion of a mother. It conveys its moral lesson by showcasing a miracle attributed to the Prophet, making it a religious and didactic masnavi. The composition consists of 135 couplets and is composed in simple, fluid, and easily comprehensible Turkish. In this scholarly examination, the transcription, intralingual translation, and indexing of Dastān-ı Hatun Masnavī, housed in the manuscript collection of the Ankara National Library under the reference number 06 Mil Yz A 3881/6, are meticulously carried out. The story is scrutinized from both literary and linguistic perspectives to shed light on its intricate features.

Motivational Study Conditions Scale: Turkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study

Problems concerning student motivation have been setting important barriers to education. However, no measurement tool has been found that can determine students’ evaluations of motivational study conditions in the Turkish literature. The present study aimed to perform the adaptation of the Motivational Study Conditions Scale developed in German by Kauper et al., (2010) into Turkish. University students (n=692) participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis was performed over the data collected in the first step (n=352) and confirmatory factor analysis over the data collected afterwards (n=340). The values obtained from factor analyses ranged within acceptable limits. Since the alpha internal consistency coefficients were between .69 and .88, the reliability of the scale was found appropriate. Coefficients of composite reliability were also seen to be consistent with the alpha reliability values. As for construct validity, discriminant validity in the context of divergent validity and convergent validity were examined, and acceptable values were obtained. It was concluded that the Turkish form of the scale was a valid and reliable measurement tool.

WESTERN PORTRAYAL IN “FORBIDDEN LOVE” BY HALID ZIYAUŞAKLIGIL JOINT RESEARCH PAPER

The great Turkish writer Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil, who lived between 1865 to 1945, kept his literary fame for decades after his death. This came as a result of his contribution in the modern Turkish Literature. The reason behind this fame is due to his unique works. HalidZiya is considered one of the most important Turkish writers in the twentieth century. He enriched the Turkish literature with several literary works. He is considered in the first position among writers and authors because of the variety of his writing in addition to poetry, especially in the field of writing novels, and short stories. This variety came, in the first place, as a result of his passion toward French literature and the impact of it on him. He had a good knowledge of the western literature. He is considered on of the first Turkish novelists who wrote in the European (Western) style. He wrote literary works that bear the western literature concept. Halid Ziya occupied a high position in the field of prose. He became famous after publishing his novel “Aşk-ı Memnû” or “Forbidden Love”. It is considered one of the most important work among his novels in the history of modern Turkish Literature. Halid Ziya owned a good knowledge in the structure of the Turkish literature and its directions. The novel “Forbidden Love” is considered the best example in the field of literature because it showed his wide scope of knowledge successfully. He explored in this novel a detailed and analytical study of the Turkish grammar. We depend mainly in our research paper on this novel. It studies the different changes in time in the novel which is clear in the field of prose and the artistic work in the TV series nowadays. The novel “Forbidden Love” embodied main characters who are Nihal, Bahlool, Bihter, Adnan, and Basheer. The novel revolved on

PROMOTION OF TURKISH LITERATURE IN THE “MAKTAB” (“SCHOOL”) COLLECTION (1911–1920)

The purpose of the research is to determine the issue of publishing and promoting the example of Ottoman literature in the Azerbaijani children's press at the beginning of the 20th century, to analyze the degree of relevance of the selected works and their role in the formation of children. Historical-comparative and typological methods were used in the article, and analysis-synthesis methods were used during the analysis of practical examples. Deductive and inductive methods were also used during the analysis of artistic material and the explanation of a number of scientific and theoretical ideas. In the period from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Azerbaijan-Turkey literary relations, the attitude to the problems of Turkish literature in Azerbaijan's literary and cultural environment, both theoretically and factually, are quite broad and comprehensive. It is especially important to study the literary and cultural relations of the two peoples at all stages. In this article, the promotion and presentation of Turkish literature in the Azerbaijani press of the beginning of the 20th century is reflected, and the scientific novelty of the research is related to this. The main result obtained is that among the literary products published in the mentioned magazine, priority was given to works on national self-awareness, patriotism, freedom, nature, science, education, etc.

Retransmission of Culture through Literary Translation: Turkish–Ukrainian Interliterary Contact

ABSTRACT This article is devoted to the dialogue of Ukrainian and Turkish literatures, which has more than a century of history. The article explores the history of the origin and development of literary contact between Ukraine and Turkey and the current state and prospects of development of Ukrainian–Turkish relations are considered in detail. Particular attention is paid to the influence of translations on the formation of images of each other in the minds of Turks and Ukrainians; the transformation of images in the minds of both peoples through the presentation of different genres of literature, from the twentieth century to the present day, is emphasized. The article also emphasizes the inequality of the functioning of Turkish and Ukrainian translations (translations of Turkish literature in Ukrainian predominate). The reasons for this inequality are the pressure on Ukrainian culture from the Russian, the unfamiliarity of the Ukrainian language and culture among Turkish scholars, and the problem of identifying Ukraine as an independent state in Turkey in the twentieth century.

Online Course Viewings and Their Effects on Performances in Covid-19 Distance Education Period

Despite numerous studies examining student preferences in terms of live and recorded lecture viewings, the effects of lesson viewings on online platforms have been limitedly studied. In this study, the rates of attending live lectures and viewing lecture recordings in the Covid-19 era were examined, and attendance and viewings effects on final scores in these courses were evaluated. For this purpose, data from online education systems of live and record viewings for Turkish Literature, mathematics, and biostatistics classes in the spring semester of 2021-2022, belonging to 13 Turkish universities and 2082 students, were utilized. We found that (1) Thirteen percent of the students did not view any live or recorded courses, and approximately one-third did not enter the final exam; (2) The students in state universities have significantly higher record viewing rates than those in private universities with medium effect size, (3) Females present significantly higher live viewings and record viewing rates than males with small effect sizes; (4) Biostatistics has moderate-high correlations between viewing rates and final scores. On the other hand, there are no or weak relationships between the viewing rates and final scores for Turkish literature and mathematics, in which study materials can be widely accessed from many sources different from biostatistics.

Intersensory transference in divans of Keçecizâde İzzet Molla

Intersensory transference is a situation that occurs when concepts related to the five basic senses of seeing, hearing, smelling, touching and tasting are associated together or with each other. In this study, intersensory transference in the divans of Keçecizâde İzzet Molla, one of the most important representatives of the nineteenth century in Classical Turkish Literature, is discussed. In study, it is aimed to identify the uses of intersensory transference, which has names such as synesthesia, duality of sensation, hiss-âmîzî (mixing of sensation), in the divans in question, and to classify and evaluate them according to the relationship between the senses. In this context, it is aimed to reveal the use of the five basic senses of seeing, hearing, smelling, touching and tasting in the poems in Keçecizâde İzzet Molla’s divans and the concepts that fall within the meaning of these senses together or in relation to each other. Therefore, the orientations of the uses of these senses identified in the poet’s divans to the senses of seeing, hearing, smelling, touching and tasting have been determined. In this context, it has been revealed which sensory organs the poet tends to focus on more within the framework of intersensory transference in his divans. As a result, this study is important in terms of analyzing and evaluating a poet’s divan in the context of intersensory transference in divan literature and therefore it is thought that this study will contribute to the field of Classical Turkish Literature.

Pend-nâme-i Attâr’ın Türkçe Şerhlerinde Kadına Bakış Açısı ve Eril Dilin Tespiti

One of the mirrors that best reflects the definition, meaning, feeling, course, change, and transformation of the image of women, which is hidden and censored in the subconscious of social memory, is literary literature. In pend-nāmas, one of the genres that show the view of classical Turkish literature on things, women, and society, the ideal society is imagined, and what the individual should do for this is explained in a simple and understandable style. This study aims to determine the perspective of the poet, the commentator, and thus the society on women, to try to read the place of women in society and to identify the masculine language used in these texts based on the commentaries made by the commentators of the classical Turkish literature period on Pend-nāme-i Attâr, one of the essential works of Persian literature. Although feminist research and gender studies have developed since the 1970s-1980s, it is possible to trace women in texts written in much earlier periods, considering that women are the mothers of society and the generation begins with her. Thus, it will be easier to follow the development of the centuries-long story of women and the changing perspective over time. In this study, in which the document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, the largest Pend-nāme-i Attâr commentaries written in the 18th and 19th centuries in Turkish literature were preferred. The commentaries of the commentators on the source couplets in which women are in question were determined, and the intention was read. As a result, based on these commentaries, it was understood that it was not "women" but "women with bad morals" who were criticized. It has been concluded that the view that women with bad morals are beings who cause men to fall into heedlessness and, therefore, should be avoided has gained weight. The reason for the heavy criticism is that women have a high transformative and transformative effect on men and, thus, on society. In short, a woman is a man's weakness, and resisting her requires a strong will. Being aware of this, the masculine mentality actually appeals to its own ego by giving her advice. This emphasizes the fact that men and women are complementary beings and that the degradation of one inevitably leads to the degradation of the other. It is scientifically unsatisfactory to draw general conclusions from a few texts. For this reason, other texts of classical Turkish literature, which has a wide range of genres, should be analyzed one by one, and different perspectives, if any, should be identified. Subsequently, the reasons for the exclusion of women, their being regarded as half-witted, and their being regarded as passive being who must be constantly taken care of and managed will be explained with more concrete and realistic justifications.

Explanation of Some of the Elements in the Work entitled Mazhar al-Anwār wa Kashf- al-Asrār in Terms of Sufi Perspectıve

In this study, some of the elements in the work Mazhar al-Anwār wa Kashf- al-Asrār, which is registered in Topkapı Palace Library, number EH1294, and which has a wide range of Sufi concepts and on which no study has been identified, have been analyzed and explained from a Sufi perspective. In al-Qushayrī's al-Risāla, which is considered one of the basic sources of Sufism, Sufism is defined as "the efforts of the elite of the Ahl al-Sunnah to be with Allah at all times and to avoid heedlessness against the bid'ahs that emerged over time by the group who paid great attention to the provisions of the religion after the period of Tābiʿū al-Tābʿīn." It would be appropriate to define this method as an effort to fulfill the manners of the Shari'ah in zāhir (outer) and bātin (essence), to act in moderation without excess in matters related to the world, to increase the quality of servitude and to purify the soul instead of multiplying one's worship. Sufism, an important field for researchers in Old Turkish Literature and has many aspects such as morality, worship, marifah, knowledge, and philosophy, has made a significant contribution to the literature. The expansion of Sufi works in the nature of sources in this field over time has led to an increase in the number of works waiting to be studied in the manuscript sections of our libraries, waiting to be discovered. There is no information about the author of Mazhar al-Anwār wa Kashf- al-Asrār, which is one of these works and which we have studied, and it has been determined that it was presented to Mawlānv İsmail Pasha in the 18th century. Consisting of 50 folios, the work in question is a prose work consisting of an introduction, two chapters and an epilogue, containing Sufi subjects, but its literary nature was strengthened by supporting it with verse pieces. The message given in the last chapter of the work, which is quoted as the last chapter, is that these worlds are the truth and if this subject is understood, the importance of the place where Sufism is built can be expressed more concretely. When we started the evaluation of the work, we thought that we would be walking within the framework of a reflection of the issues accepted by the zahiri sciences. As we progressed in the review, we realized that the Sufi doctrine aims at a doctrine that has the concepts of being closer to the Creator as well as the doctrine of going beyond by breaking down the walls of reason, and we tried to make this mysterious source more understandable by revising our study in this direction. Although the scope of our study has a very wide literature, due to the fact that it exceeds the limits of a paper, the general content of the work is revealed and the most prominent Sufi elements; the four worlds, namely lāhūt, jabārūt and mithāl, are discussed by comparing them with their definitions and examples in the work and in Old Turkish Literature. In addition, it is important in terms of bringing a new perspective to the field of Sufism and the reader because it is viewed from a different perspective during the evaluation phase of the work. With its prose and verse sections, the work is of a nature that will give a different impetus to the studies on Sufism today. We believe that it will be an achievement for Turkish literature in terms of its style and content.

Kemterî Mahlaslı Bir Şairin Şiirlerinde Alevi-Bektaşi Unsurları

Bektashism emerged in the 13th century and was associated with Alevism in Anatolia. Looking at the foundations and influences that make up Bektashism, it is seen that there are Hurufism, Shiism, and Sufism. The thoughts of Bektashi poets and their styles peculiar to their sects also affected their works. Although Bektashism mostly affected dervish lodge literature, divan poetry was also influenced by Bektashism. In this paper, we examined the poems of the poet with the pseudonym Kemterī in the manuscript number OE_Yz_0723 that we found in the İBB Atatürk Library. The work was recorded as a journal in the library. There are poems by other poets at the beginning and end of the work. At the beginning of the work, there is a section consisting of 4 leaves, which is thought to belong to another work. After this section, there is a section titled as “Divān-ı Perākende”. This section contains poems belonging to two poets with Zekāyī and Nizami pseudonyms. Apart from these, some poems do not have pseudonyms. Considering the content of the poems, Alevi-Bektashi elements are noticed. The section in which these poems are included consists of 10 leaves. At the end of the work, the poems belong to a poet named Kazım. The section in which Kemterī's poems are included in the manuscript starts from the 12th leaf. 70 leaves of the work, which has 108 leaves in total, belong to Kemterī. His poems are so many that they can form a divan. The first poem belonging to him in work was written in Nefes verse under the title “Nefes”. The Nefes’ are one of the most frequently used verse forms by Alevi Bektashi poets. Based on this and other poems that follow, we understand that he is a poet who adheres to the Alevi-Bektashi tradition. He mentioned Alevi-Bektashi poets other than himself in his poems. He mentioned about Haji Bektash Veli, Molla Jami, Nesīmī, many sect sheiks, and Alevi-Bektashi poets and gave examples of their poems. He included breaths, stanzas, and elegies in his poems. He used Aruz's prosody in his poems without any mistakes. Although he used different meters, he usually wrote with "fāilātun fāilātun fāilātun fāilun" meter of remel bahri, "mefāilun mefāīlun mefāīlun mefāilun" meter of hecez bahri and wrote poems with "mefāilun mefāīlun feûlun" meter in his Nefes. Besides the meter, he also used the language successfully. The content of his poems constitutes Hazrat Muhammed, Hazrat Ali, Hazrat Hassan, Hazrat Hussein, Hazrat Fatima and the love of Ahl al-Bayt, the Karbala incident, the pain felt from what happened, and the Twelve Imams. There are elegies to Hazrat Hassan and Hussein, dirges containing the Karbala event, the Nefes’, poems with Ali Redif, and poems of advice that he wrote for those who entered the sect. One verse of a dirge he wrote is “Kerbela narıyla dağ-ı sineni dağla bugün (Turkish in origin)” and another verse is “Şah Hüseynin matemidir karalar bağla bugün (Turkish in origin)”. These verses are a small sample of his poems and his commitment to this tradition. We examined Kemterī's poems in terms of the content, verse forms, meter, language, and other elements that make up the work by benefiting from the sources of Alevi Bektashi literature. Kemterī's poems have an important place in terms of Alevi-Bektashi literature and Turkish literature.

Diyanet Çocuk Dergisinde İlhami Ayrancı’nın Hikâyeleri

The Diyanet Çocuk (Diyanet Children) is a journal for children that started its publication life in 1979 and continues to be published once a month today. As stated in its name, the journal belongs to the Presidency of Religious Affairs. Studying how children's literature gets a place in a religious magazine is important for the development of religious children's literature. The fact that the periodical in question of the journal has a long history clearly demonstrates this development. In Turkish literature, the first forms used in writing for children are fairy tales and stories. The story type is widely preferred to give children the values they want to be given. For this reason, in this study, fifteen stories of Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlhami Ayrancı, published in the journal between February of 1993 and November 2002, were examined. After the information about the journal was mentioned first, information about the author Ayrancı was given. Fifteen works then were examined, and the outstanding topics were identified, and their pedagogical relation to the child was discussed. The volumes between 1979 and 2013 have not been digitized. Therefore, the study was carried out in the periodicals archive located in the Library of the Presidency of Religious Affairs. Although the writings have a memoir feature, they have been conveyed by narrating. For this reason, it has been evaluated as a story. Some parts are in the mood of conversation as if talking to the reader, sometimes at the beginning of the stories and sometimes at the end. Each part is irrespective of each other. The author acts a teacher and often includes dialogues with his students in the school environment. According to our findings, the stories are not suitable for classification. However, if we refer to the content, five of the fifteen stories focuses on motherhood. Some have been written on the importance of caring for the mother and obedience. In the two stories, children were given information about religious terms such as “fasting and religous day”. In addition, in the stories, there are topics such as not being greedy, appreciating, not being prejudiced, and not breaking hearts. On the other hand, some sentences like “...the bodies could only be recovered from the hillside piece by piece." which are pedagogically inappropriate descriptions includes, but the author's sensitivity to children is clearly visible. The stories written by Ayrancı, published in the Journal of Diyanet Children, inform children about both ethical, moral, and religious issues.

1953-2012 Yılları Arasında ‘Türk Dili’ Dergisinde Yayımlanan Ali Şir Nevâyî Konulu Yazıların İncelenmesi

Regarding literature history, periodicals have an essential place in our cultural life. Periodicals, which are the places where historical, literary, and intellectual activities arise and grow or are followed, and public opinion is formed, are the most important reference sources for the next generations as well as providing detailed information about the cultures of nations. One is Türk Dili (Turkish Language - ISSN 1300-2155), a monthly language and literature journal published since October 1951 by the Turkish Language Institution, Turkey's leading scientific and cultural institution. The journal publishes essays, poems, stories, criticism, and similar literary products, scientific or popular articles dealing with the current problems of Turkish and Turkish literature and translations. In our study, the studies published on ʿAlī Shīr Navāʾī, which were transferred to the Periodicals Database of the journal and made available for access, were scanned. Navāʾī is a poet who is recognized as a unique poet in world literature for the degree of his art, his services to the development of national literature, his numerous works, and his significant influence on the life of society and nation as a statesman. The purpose and importance of this study are to investigate and determine the extent to which the journal Türk Dili, which is a well-established publication of a well-established state institution, gives space to Navāʾī, the famous Turkish sage, who is remembered with respect and admiration by the poets in the Anatolian field, whose poems are written in verse and who is recognized as the person who has rendered the most outstanding service to the Turkish language after Kashgarlı Mahmut. The breakdown of the texts scanned from the studies published on Navāʾī in the Periodicals Database of the journal is shown chronologically in a table. In addition, these texts were categorized by content analysis method. The study concluded that the journal, which continues to be published, has given wide coverage to Nevâyî since its establishment, published a special issue for the poet, and emphasized the poet in the articles accessed from the Periodicals Database (1953-2012). However, it is thought that Navāʾī, about whom memorial meetings are organized in many European countries and whose corpus is published in various languages, should be given more attention in Turkey. Considering the place/impact of Navāʾī, the fifteenth-century classical period poet of Chagatai literature, in Turkish language and literature, it is understood that these works and activities are essential but insufficient. According to our current knowledge, no research is aimed at analyzing the studies on Navāʾī in any periodical publication. It is hoped that this first research, thought to contribute to the field, will pioneer in enriching different periodicals.

BİR ROMANIN TÜRKÇE ÇEVİRİ YOLCULUĞU: İŞLEVSEL ÇEVİRİ ELEŞTİRİSİ ALANI OLARAK DR. JEKYLL VE MR HYDE ÖRNEĞİ

The translation is a multi-layered text production practice that is governed by various determinants. The rich textures of translated texts are evaluated under the title of “translation criticism” based on varying criteria. Practical conceptual designs and concerns over objectivity constitute the primary elements of translation criticism that are conducted on case studies. This study elaborates on the translation Dr. Jekyll ve Mr. Hyde (2009) by Öznur Ayman and the original text Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1885) by Robert Louis Stevenson. Emerging as one of the most retranslated works in Turkish literature, this work has several versions in the Turkish repertoire. This study aims at providing a detailed comparative analysis of the target and the source text on the basis of the postulate designed by Katherina Reiss (2000). With a preliminary focus on the text typology in the literary category, the evaluation is conducted through the language category which includes semantic, lexical, grammatical, and stylistic elements; and the pragmatic category which consists of the immediate situation, subject matter, time, place, audience, speaker factors respectively. It should be noted that the design incorporates the black box of the translation process, the translator, into the scheme of translation criticism. The ideal behind the efforts in this paper is to (re)test the potentials and limitations of translation criticism on a case study and contribute to the existing literature on one of the rather ignored fields of translation studies, “translation criticism”.

The Formation of the Sonnet in Kurdish Modern Poetry

If Kurdish poetry was dominated by Persian and Arabic poetry in the classical period, in the modern period, either directly or indirectly, through Turkish literature, it has been influenced by European literature. The sonnet as a European poetic form has been used by Kurdish modernist poets, especially rhymes of the sonnet fragments. This research, entitled "The Formation of the Sonnet in Kurdish Modern Poetry", is an attempt to present the reflection and the use of the form and rhyme of the sonnet in the poetry of Kurdish modernist poets, who renewed Kurdish poetry between 1918 and 1970. The research problem is related to the novelty of the sonnet form and rhyme and its application in Kurdish Modern poetry. Sonnets have been discussed in previous studies more in terms of rhyme because they are rarely constructed as they are in terms of form. However, Kurdish modernist poets have worked on the structure of the sonnet with many techniques, innovations and variations, which requires a more detailed and comprehensive study. For this reason, the study is based on the literary theories and employs qualitative descriptive analysis approach in order to investigate the texts used the framework of sonnet forms and employed sonnet rhymes.

Bibliometric Approach to Total Hip Arthroplasty Literature Originating from Turkey

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze research productivity in Turkey using published articles on total hip arthroplasty.
 Material and methods: All scientific articles published in English in the Science Citation Index Expanded and the Emerging Sources Citation Index between 1970 and 2023 were analyzed using "Web of Science". The number of articles, authors, institutions, and the 30 most frequently cited articles were analyzed. In addition, the Scopus database was also analyzed with the same method for making comparisons. Visualization was also done with Vosviewer tool. 
 Results: As a result of the study, we found 190 articles in the WOS database and 485 articles in the Scopus database, until the end of March 2023. according to the WOS database (journals published in ESCI and SCIE indexes), Turkey ranked 15th among 108 countries. According to the Scopus database, Turkey ranked 22nd.
 Conclusion: Scholars can help clarify the history of Turkish literature on THA by using the study's data summary. We discovered 190 articles in the WOS database and 485 articles in the Scopus database as a consequence of the research up until the end of March 2023. In comparison to other countries, the quantity of articles was remarkably low.

Imperialism and literature: An imperialism-oriented reading of modern Turkish literature

Postcolonial theory perceives the world as divided between the coloniser and the colonised, thus indirectly reproducing the centrality of the West. For this reason, in literary studies, postcolonial theory fails to cover the literatures of those nations which were not colonised in a typical sense but rather occupied by Western imperialism, as was the case with Ottoman Turkey. This necessitates a convergent theoretical framework that might help evaluate the fictionalisation of the intersecting dynamics of oppression, violence, exploitation, and resistance in relation to the hegemonic narratives of imperialism and shape a new perspective regarding the politico-cultural dimension of imperial discourse. This article, in this respect, will critically develop the theoretical foundations of imperialism-oriented literary theory and construct it as an interdisciplinary field that has a potential to contribute to contemporary postcolonial theory and to encompass the intersectional dimensions of imperialism and imperial discourse for the articulation of the fictionalisation of imperialism-related issues in the under-considered corpus of modern Turkish literature.

Ahmet Rasim’in Rumuz ve Müstear İsimleri

Nicknames and pseudonyms are one of the subjects that should be studied carefully in Turkish literature. Nicknames and pseudonyms are “fake names” and “symbols” that poets and writers use to hide their real identities for various reasons. These names and symbols, which are extremely important in identifying the works of poets and writers, allow literary historians to make more accurate analyzes about poets and writers. Therefore, each new nicknames and pseudonym identified has a great importance in eliminating the deficiencies of the literary history. Ahmet Rasim (1865-21 September 1932) produced works in different literary genres such as poetry, stories, novels, memoirs, anecdotes, conversations, articles, essays, translations, history, criticism, and monographs throughout his 48-year writing life. The author also has school books and scientific works. However, his main qualification is journalism. Ahmet Rasim, who makes a living with his pen, wrote and published articles in different literary genres under different pseudonyms in the magazines and newspapers he worked for. Situations and thoughts like not being confident enough to put your real name on your works when he was just starting his life in literature and the press, show the writer staff of magazines and newspapers rich, distinguish between humorous and serious writing, attracting female readers attention, avoiding the reaction of his works depending on the social, political and literary conditions of the period and breaking of the censor can be counted among the reasons why Ahmet Rasim used different nicknames and pseudonyms. Although Ahmet Rasim uses many nickname and pseudonyms, very few of them are known by the literary world. In this study, the nickname and pseudonyms that we determined to be used by the author will be revealed. Keywords: Ahmet Rasim, literature and press, journalism, nickname and pseudonyms.