Turkish Liras Research Articles

The Impact of Air and Noise Pollution on Health Status in Turkey: A Willingness to Pay Approach

This study analyses the determinants of health status and the willingness to pay for a reduction in air and noise pollution in Turkey over the period 2006-2012. The analysis relies on a pseudo-panel data using age and region cohorts. Furthermore, we follow the instrumental variables (IV) approach and we apply the two and three stage least squares methods using wind direction and regional complaint rates on pollution as instruments. Based on our favoured estimates, individuals who report problems with air and noise pollution are willing to pay for an improvement in air and noise quality more by 20.00-25.00 Turkish Liras (TL) per month.

Comparison of readmission rates between groups with early versus late discharge after vaginal or cesarean delivery: a retrospective analyzes of 14,460 cases

Aim: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to show the readmission rate of cases with and without early discharge following vaginal or cesarean delivery.Methods: After exclusion of cases with pregnancy, delivery and neonatal complications, a total of 14,460 cases who delivered at Zeynep Kamil Women and Children’s Health Training and Research Hospital were retrospectively screened from hospital database. Subjects were divided into two groups as Group 1: early discharge (n = 6802) and Group 2: late discharge (n = 7658). Groups were compared in terms of readmission rates and indications for readmission.Results: There were 6802 cases with early discharge whereas the remaining women were discharged after 24 h for vaginal delivery and 48 h following cesarean delivery on regular bases. Among cases with early discharge, 205 (3%) cases readmitted to emergency service with variable indications, while there were 216 (2.8%) readmitted women who were discharged on regular bases. Most common indication for readmission was wound infection in both groups. Neonatal sex distributions were similar between groups (p > .05), where as there was a higher rate of cesarean deliveries in Group 2 (p < .05). Furthermore, cesarean rate was significantly higher in readmitted women with early discharge (p < .05).Conclusion: Similar readmission rates were observed in groups with early and late discharges following vaginal or cesarean delivery without any mortality or permanent morbidity and cost analyses revealed 68 Turkish liras lower cost with early discharge.

Orthopedic trauma surgery and hospital cost analysis in refugees; the effect of the Syrian civil War.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the musculoskeletal injury types, injury mechanisms, surgical techniques and treatment costs of Syrian refugees. Totally 158 patients (67 female, 91 male) treated in our clinic in 34months period between January 2012 and October 2014 were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 39.3years (range: 18-82years). The patients were evaluated for age, gender, mechanism of injury, location and type of fracture, presence of accompanying injuries, injury severity score, surgical technique, complications, mortality/morbidity and treatment cost. The injuries were more frequently reported in lower extremities, upper extremities and axial skeleton, respectively. Blunt trauma was significantly higher in upper extremity injuries compared with the other types of injuries (p = 0.001). Fractures were most commonly reported in foot/ankle region and in males, hand/wrist fractures were significantly higher than that of the females. Plate fixation of upper extremity fractures and intramedullary nailing in lower extremity fractures were the most commonly preferred treatment modalities. The mean hospitalization period of patients was 5.6days and the mean treatment cost was 3844 Turkish Liras (TL). In this study, it was shown that there was a statistically significant increase in the cost of health expenses in patients with fall from heights or gunshot wound, with fractures in axial skeleton or with the ISS score between 16 and 66. The cost rise was associated with worse prognosis, complications, intensive care treatments and prolonged hospitalization periods.

Exposure to air pollution and crime in the neighbourhood

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of life satisfaction in Turkey. Moreover, this study explores the effects of air pollution and crime problems on well-being.Design/methodology/approachThe estimates are based on cross-sectional data from the health survey in Turkey during the years 2010 and 2012. Various econometric models are applied such as the ordered logit and the random-effects generalized latent class ordered logit. Moreover, using pseudo panel data created based on age and region cohorts adapted probit fixed effects and the “blow-up and cluster” estimators are applied. In addition, various estimates by sex, age group, urban and rural areas as well as between individuals with good and poor health status are followed.FindingsThe results show that the individuals who self-reported who are exposed to air pollution and crimes present on average 0.2-0.5 less satisfaction scores than those who are not exposed to air pollution and crimes. In terms of monetary values, they are willing to pay more than those who are not exposed to air pollution and crimes by 13-19 Turkish Liras per month. Moreover, the generalized latent class ordered logit shows that there is considerable heterogeneity among the most satisfied and least satisfied individuals.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper lies in the fact that this is the first study to provide an analysis of life satisfaction using micro-level data from Turkey. Moreover, various econometric approaches are applied to compare the results. In addition, examining the heterogeneous effects among individuals with different life satisfaction rankings, it is possible to examine the effects of various factors on well-being and how they differ among individuals. Finally, by examining exposure to air pollution and crimes in the neighbourhood and their effects on well-being, it is possible to control for characteristics of the deprived areas.

Impact of Brand Dynamics on Insurance Premiums in Turkey

Abstract. This paper examines influences of brand dynamics on insurance premium productions in Turkey using a dynamic GMM panel estimation technique sampling 31 insurance firms over 2005-2015. The results reveals that brands trust appears as a chief driving force behind premium production where its unit increase augments premium outputs by 5.32 million Turkish Liras (TL). Moreover, the brand value of firms also appears a statistically significant determinant of premium sales, but its size impact remains limited comparing to brand trust, i.e. a million TL increase in brand value generates only 0.02 million TL increase in sales. On the other hand, the study also documents a strong momentum driven from past years premium production with trade-off magnitude of 1 to 0.85. This might imply a higher loyalty-stickiness of customers in Turkey, as well as a self-feeding bandwagon effect . Keywords. Brand Value; Intangible Assets; Panel GMM; Insurance Premiums. JEL. G12, G22, M30, L60.

The Link between Health Condition Costs and Standard of Living Through Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures and Labour Market Outcomes in Turkey: A Structural Equation Modelling

This study employs a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to understand the effect of the costs related to health conditions of people on their standard of living (SoL)using the data from the cross-sectional Household Budget Survey (HBS) for the period 2002-2013 and the panel Income and Living Conditions Survey (ILCS) in Turkey during the period 2009-2012. Using HBS, it is tested whether out-of-pocket health expenditures (OOPEs), which is directly affected by the health conditions of people, contribute to the standard of living in a negative way. Using ILCS, it is examined the effect of labor market outcomes (wages and hours of work loss due to bad health conditions) on SoL. A Structural Equation model allows us to investigate all these concerns simultaneously. Referring health conditions, two different health-condition indices are constructed using two different datasets since they have various questions representing health status of people. Using HBS a health condition index is created regarding questions related to the mental and physical limitations (disability) of people. The second health condition index is created using ILCS that includes questions both related to disability and chronic diseases. The study extends the previous research by several ways. First, the application of a structural equation modelling (SEM) accounts for the measurement error both in the SoL and health-condition indices and it allows for the simultaneous estimation of the link between health condition costs and SoL through out-of-pocket expenditures as well as labor market outcomes using structural equations. Second, it will contribute to existing literature by analysing not only the impact of health condition costs but also the impact of health insurance types on OOPEs and therefore SoL. Third, using a propensity score matching, it creates comparable groups. Finally, the impact of disability and relevant OOPEs on transportation expenditures is analysed and their association with SoL is investigated. The results show that OOPEs and disability have a significant and negative impact on SoL. The disability related costs consist of the 24-30 per cent of the household income corresponding to monetary values ranging between 4,200-4,600 Turkish Liras (TL) per annum, while the respective values in terms of wages range between 1,000-1,200 TL. OOPEs costs are estimated at 2.5 per cent of the household income, which are equal at 540 TL per annum and OOPEs consist of 10 per cent of the non-wage household income corresponding to 870 TL per year. Moreover, the disability leads to significant increases of transportation expenditures and the associated costs are estimated at roughly 470 TL per year. However, when the households with members that have been disabled during the survey are compared with the non-disabled households, the disability costs reach 8,500 TL.

Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Turkey.

Cost-effectiveness studies about rotavirus (RV) vaccination programs were performed in many countries due to the severe economic burden of RV infections. This study is an economic evaluation performed to assess the potential for introducing the RV vaccine to the Turkish National Immunization Program. In this retrospective clinical study, the records and laboratory findings of a total of 4126 patients admitted to Turgut Ozal University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey with acute gastroenteritis were analyzed. A model described by Parashar etal. was used to obtain the annual episodes of diarrhea, hospitalization and outpatients visits in Turkey. Monovalent and pentavalent vaccination was assumed to protect in average 85% of RV acute gastroenteritis. All costs are expressed in 2012 United States (US) $, where US$1 equals 1.8Turkish Liras (TL). Losses of labor costs were not taken into consideration. The vaccination program with 85% coverage was cost effective and cost saving compared to no vaccination. A projected birth cohort of 1.25 million children was followed until 5years of age; a routine vaccination could potentially avert 210,994 cases of diarrhea treated in outpatient hospital facilities and 42,715 hospitalizations. The RV associated economic burden was obtained as US$17,909 million per year (US$14.33 per birth annually) in medical direct costs by using the national level of RV diarrhea disease burden estimates. For monovalent and pentavalent vaccination, assuming a cost of US$31.5 and US$38 per vaccine course, the cost of the vaccination program was estimated to be approximately US$37,878 million and US$45,475 million, respectively. At a cost per vaccine course of US$31.5 for monovalent and US$38 for pentavalent vaccine, routine RV vaccination could be potentially cost effective and also cost saving in Turkey. National RV vaccinations will play a significant role in preventing RV infections.

Retrospective evaluation of patients at follow-up with acute poisoning in Intensive Care Unit.

Poisonings are among the major causes of emergency visits and intensive care hospitalizations. The aim of our study is to evaluate intoxicated patients at follow-up and treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in terms of demographic characteristics, type of poisonings and results of treatment. Patients at follow-up aged 17 or older admitted with intoxication to the ICU between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2011 were included in the study. Age, gender, presenting symptoms, duration of hospitalization, type of poisoning, the way of poisoning, medical history, seasons, hospitalization costs, treatment and prognosis of the patients were analyzed. Totally, 153 (8.9%) out of 1375 follow-up patients in the ICU had acute intoxication. The mean age of intoxicated patients was 29.4 ± 11, 68% of them were female, 78.4% of them were under 35 years old, and intoxication was most common in the 17-25 age group. 114 of them (94.1%) were suicidal. The most common cause of poisoning was drug-poisoning by 88.2%, and most common presenting symptoms were nausea and vomiting by 71.2%. Mean length of stay was 2.4 ± 1.6 days, and the average cost of hospitalization was 761 ± 884 Turkish Liras or 271 ± 315 USD. 5 patients (3.3%) were intubated because of respiratory failure. There was no mortal case. Suicide attempts are prominent in acute poisoning, and the young female population is at higher risk. It was found that drugs, particularly antidepressants and antipsychotic agents were the most common cause of poisoning. The high cost of treatment of acute intoxication cases is a major cause of economic burden. Clinicians should be more careful when prescribing such drugs.

Evaluation of working conditions and perceptions of health status and the importance of health in child and young workers in the industrial site

Aim: To evaluation of working conditions and perceptions of health status and the importance of health in child and young workers in the ýndustry. Method: Descriptive research was conducted at industrial area, between December 2014-February 2015. The universe includes 50 male workers and the whole universe was included in the survey. Data were collected by using the questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics and working conditions of workers, Perception of Health Status Scale and the Importance of Healt Scale. Results: Study data demonstrated that 48% were working 9 to 11 hours a day, 32% it is not the time to rest during the day, 70% had no lunch break, 64% were earning 100-300 Turkish liras per week, 76% had no social security. According to workers; the work place 10% were insufficient ventilation, 12% were insufficent to light up and 32% were insufficient heating. Also, 34% stated that their work is too heavy for them. Occupational accident rate is 18%. 70% of the workers perceive health as “good”, the mean score of perception of health was 1.9±0.54. Mean score of importance of health scale was 4.72±3.09. Conclusion: Child and young workers were work in ventilation, heating and lighting is insufficent environments with low wages and long hours. The workers perceive health as “good”, but they see it as not important value to be healthy.

Food Consumption Pattern in Eskisehir

The aim of the study is to find out the behavior of the resident of Eskisehir, about the relationship between the expenditure that are made by them on different food commodities by taking income of the household and the family size of the respondent as important explanatory variable by using the econometric method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). A sample size of 100 households is studied on the study area in Eskisehir. The average household size in the study area is recorded 4 members/ family. The household size is ranged from 1-11 members. Average household monthly income is 616 Turkish Liras (TL)/weak. The average percentage of income spend on food is 42.39% of total income. Income of the household and size of the household are positively correlated with the consumption of various food items.

The impact of Eid al-Adha (feast of the sacrifice) sales on the income of cattle fattening enterprises

The objective of this project is to identify the impacts of the 120 cattle fattening enterprises operating in Ankara by the years 2010, 2011 and 2012 on the total revenue of the sales made during the period of the Eid al-Adha. The survey findings conducted on the cattle fattening enterprises operating in the 13 districts and various villages affiliated with these districts and the data derived from the survey constitute the material of the research. While for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012, the average carcass cutting price is 17.35 Turkish liras, 15.06 Turkish liras, 14.15 Turkish liras, the average carcass price in the retail sales during the Feast of Sacrifice is successively 23.07 Turkish liras; 20.02 Turkish liras; 18.44 Turkish liras; For the years 2010, 2011, and 2012 the amount of production is 2,934,293 (Kilogram) kg, 2,873,617 kg and 2,851,751 kg. Within the survey, the total revenue is successively 58,292,868 Turkish liras; 49,653,823 Turkish liras and 45,770,314 Turkish liras in the cattle fattening enterprises by the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. Of the said revenue, 50.8% (29,535,136 Turkish liras) comes from the revenue of the Eid al-Adha in 2010, 51.9% (25,740,034 Turkish liras) in 2011, and 50.9% (23,288,724 Turkish liras) in 2012

Investigation on legal problems encountered by emergency medicine physicians in Turkey.

BackgroundMedicine is a profession that carries certain risks. One risky area of practice is the emergency department. Emergency physicians diagnose and treat a high volume of patients, and are also responsible for preparing reports for forensic cases. In this study, we aim to investigate emergency physicians’ legal-administrative problems and reveal their level of understanding on forensic cases.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire form was prepared after the approval of an ethical committee. This form was sent to the residents, specialists and academicians of emergency medicine by e-mail. The physicians were asked to fill out the form online. All the gathered data was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequency percentages with mean and standard deviation. Chi-square tests were used to compare the groups. Correlation between number of complaint cases and age, sex, career, institution, and duration of service in emergency department were investigated. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results294 physicians participated in the questionnaire. According to the questionnaire, 170 of the physicians were reported to the patient communication units due to medical malpractice. Mean number of compliant reports was 3.20±3.5. 29 of the physicians received administrative penalties. 42 of the physicians were judged in the court for medical malpractice. 1 physician was fined 5000 Turkish Liras as a result of these judgments.ConclusionWe found that the number of complaint reports is negatively correlated with duration of service in emergency medicine and age. There was a significant difference between number of complaint reports and career (p<0.05). The physicians’ level of awareness on forensic cases was found to be insufficient. Lack of legislation knowledge may be an important cause of complaint reports concerning emergency physicians, who have a high load of patients. Thus, we think that increasing the frequency of post-graduate education sessions and periodical reviews might be beneficial.

Homeless Patients in the Emergency Department

Aim: In our study, we aimed to investigate the demographic features and clinical conditions of homeless people admitted to the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years who had social service consultations were retrospectively examined. Demographic features, admission time, complaints on admission, length of stay in the ED, clinical tests performed, diagnoses, clinical outcomes (admission to the hospital, discharge, operation, or death) and ED costs were recorded. Results: The study included 39 patients. The median age of the patients was 63 years [interquartile range (IQR): 55-77 years, minimum: 30 years, maximum: 91 years]; 89.7% of the patients were male and 74.4% were absolute homeless. There were an average of 8.7 admissions per month. The median length of stay in the ED was 277 min. The median ED cost per admission was 103 Turkish Liras. Referral of homeless patients resulted in admission to hospital wards in 32 (9.2%) cases and admission to the intensive care unit in 41 (11.8%) cases. Conclusion: In addition to acute disease management, specific approaches should be planned for homeless patients in EDs, which are possibly the only health units that homeless patients refer to for their health problems. (JAEM 2015; 14: 70-4)

Frailty among elderly adults in a rural area of Turkey.

BackgroundThe elderly population is growing in Turkey, as it is worldwide. The average age of residents in rural areas of Turkey is relatively high and is gradually increasing. The purpose of this study is to summarize the fitness and frailty of elderly adults living in a rural area of Turkey characterized by a relatively low level of socioeconomic development.Material/MethodsThis study was designed as a prospective, cross-sectional study, and was conducted in a rural area of Kars Province. A total of 168 elderly adults (≥65 years old) from 12 central villages were included in the study. The Fried Frailty Criteria was used to assess the frailty of the participants. In addition to frailty, the physical, social, and mental status of elderly adults was examined.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty in this rural area of Turkey was 7.1%. The study group ranged in age from 65 to 96 years (mean 72.70±7.73 years), and 53.6% were female. Among the elderly adult group, 84.3% had not completed elementary school, and 43.29% had a monthly income of ≤500 Turkish liras ($200). No significant relationship was identified between gender and frailty. There was a statistically significant relationship between frailty and older age, lower education level, lower economic level, co-morbidities, polypharmacy, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastric disease, arthritis, generalized pain, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary incontinence, auditory impairment, impaired oral care, caregiver burden, impaired cognitive function, depression, or a lack of social support (social isolation).ConclusionsIt is believed that this study will contribute considerably to understanding the health status and needs of elderly adults in Turkey and the health problems of this population as well as to planning the development of public health and geriatric services based on regional needs.

The Effects of Reforms, Price Cuts and Global Budget Implementation on Biotechnological Medicine Sales Which Have Annual Average Highest Amount Of Sales Between 2008-2013 In Turkey.

In 2003 Health Transformation Program and in 2006 Social Security Reform were launched in Turkey. At the end of the years 2009 and 2011 price cuts were done by the Government and between the years 2010-2012, there was a global budget implementation in Turkey. The top 100 medicines, annual average highest amount of sales of between 2008-2013, had one to four of the total pharmaceutical market value in 2013. We aimed to examine the status of biotech-medicines in the first 100 medicine’s and evaluate the effects of policy interventions on these medicine sales. While pharmaceutical sales data were obtained from the IMS Health-Turkey data base, prices and characteristics of medicines were obtained from the Turkish Medicine and Medical Devices Agency data bases. Each group (biotech/nonbiotech-medicines) was analyzed using TRAMO and SEATS method. 19 medicines are biotechnological. In 2009 compared to 2008 while biotech-medicines amount increased by 43.8%, nonbiotech-medicines amount increased by 14.2%. In subsequent years, an increase over the previous year is observed at lower rates for biotech-medicines. This total amount has decreased compared to previous years for nonbiotech-medicines. 2014 and 2015 for the consumption of biotechnological medicines was estimated to be around 9 million boxes, expenditure for 2014 of 1360 million Turkish Liras (TL) and 2015 million TL for the year 2015. On the other hand, non-biotechnological medicines consumption would be approximately 185 million boxes and for the year 2014 2225 million TL, for the year 2015 2280 million TL are projected. Biotechnological medicines have high unit costs and these costs are increasing compared to year to year. Policy interventions did not effected biotechnological medicine sales negatively. While big differences between the biotechnological and non-biotechnological medicine box sales will continue, the gap between the biotechnological and non-biotechnological medicines total amount will be closer.

Industrial working conditions and the treatment of child workers in Turkey.

The purpose of this study was to determine working conditions for children working at industry descriptive study was conducted between May and June 2010 and included 249 workers 18 years at a Kahramanmaras industry site. Study data demonstrated that 33.3% of the children were 18 working in a mechanics store, 82.3% were working 9 to 12 hours a day, 68.7% were earning a Turkish Liras, and only 22 were using annual leave. These children started working under the age entered into the work force and quit school. Also, it was found that working conditions were was instituted in many workplaces.

A Study of Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Generation in the Province of Adana in Turkey

In this study, the examination of techno-economic feasibility analysis of a solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation were carried out by taken into account a PV power plant that has the capacity of 100 kWe as an example, in the province of Adana, Turkey. For this purpose, the technical characteristics of the PV array, the amount of electricity production, the cost of electricity production, investment and operating costs, payback periods and the amount of CO2 emissions reduction were determined for the solar PV plant. By using the total area of 653.4 m2 PV cell, total 135,403 MWh of electricity was produced in the power plant. To this end, total 5 units of PV arrays were required with the surface area of 130.7 m2 each. In this case, the system efficiency was determined as 12.2%, the annual specific efficiency of the system was 1,352 kWh/kW and the amount of CO2 emissions reduction was obtained as 119,830 Mg/year. The payback period of the system was 7.8 years and the electricity production cost was 0.1400 TL (Turkish Liras)/kWh, respectively.

Sivas İlinde Pet Hayvanları Yetiştiriciliği Eğiliminin Araştırılması

The aim of the study was to determine the present situation and future trends of pet which a member of our home in central Anatolian city of Sivas. For this purpose, 100 people (73 male, 27 female) used with face to face interviews in the questionnaire aged 18-72 (mean 32.25), monthly income changed 400-5000 Turkish Liras (average 1841) and, 16 questions except for personal information were asked to participants. Participants, 51% graduated the university, 46% married, 82% lived in apartments, and 64% of the occupied own houses or belonging to their family have been identified. According to the findings, any breeders of pet in the house in Sivas rate were 31%. and, the people's income level , gender , age , marital status , educational level , having a child and the seat of the house with a garden and the lack of this on the ratio statistically not significant was observed. Highest percentage pet in species of breeding animals was the bird and, 48.4% of those pet owners did not go to the veterinarian at all and, 24.6% of non-animal’s previously had a bad incident with animals that have been identified. As a result, in terms of veterinary importance will increase day by day with pet animal breeding priorities for the further dissemination of the determination of the current situation and problems are seen to be important and, larger-scale research to be done will be helpful.

The Influence of Brand Dynamics on Insurance Premiums in Turkey - An Analysis of Data of Turkey Insurance Sector Over 2007-2012

This paper examines influences of brand dynamics on insurance premium productions in Turkey using a dynamic GMM panel estimation technique sampling 31 insurance firms over 2005-2015. The results reveals that brands trust appears as a chief driving force behind premium production where its unit increase augments premium outputs by 5.32 million Turkish Liras (TL). Moreover, the brand value of firms also appears a statistically significant determinant of premium sales, but its size impact remains limited comparing to brand trust, i.e. a million TL increase in brand value generates only 0.02 million TL increase in sales. On the other hand, the study also documents a strong momentum driven from past years premium production with trade-off magnitude of 1 to 0.85. This might imply a higher loyalty-stickiness of customers in Turkey, as well as a self-feeding bandwagon effect.

Valuing the Effects of Air and Noise Pollution on Health Status in Turkey

This study explores the determinants of health status in Turkey. Moreover, this study explores the willingness to pay for reducing the air and noise pollution. The estimates are based on data from the annual Income and Living Conditions Survey (ILCS) in Turkey which took place in period 2006-2012. The effects of air and noise pollution on individuals’ health status and whether an individual suffers from chronic illness are estimated and their monetary value is calculated. This is the first study which examines the effects of noise and air pollution in Turkey using a great variety of econometric models as ordered Logit and binary Logit models for cross sectional data. Moreover using a pseudo panel data created based on age and region cohorts various panel data econometric approaches are followed. Regarding the health status the first model is the adapted Probit fixed effects, the “Blow-Up and Cluster” (BUC) and Ferrer-i-Carbonell and Frijters (FCF) estimators to account for intercept heterogeneity. The second approach is the Random Effects Generalized Logit Model to account for slope heterogeneity. Finally, two and three stage least squares instrumental variables approaches are followed using wind direction and regional complaint rates on air and noise pollution as instruments. Income and education are the most important determinants of health status. Based on the favoured estimates individuals who reported problems with air and noise pollution are willing to pay for air and noise quality improvement more by 20.00-21.00 Turkish Liras (TL) and 22.80-25.00 TL respectively than the individuals than did not report any complaint. Finally, the MWTP values of air and noise pollution effects on wages, working hours lost, house rents and expenses and moving dwelling are calculated.