Serosal Research Articles

Uterine giant cell tumor of soft tissue: A case report.

Giant cell tumor of soft tissue (GCT-ST) is a rare primary soft tissue tumor. GCT-ST mainly occurs in the trunk and extremities. There is no standard treatment for GCT-ST. This paper reports a rare case of primary uterine GCT-ST. A 48-year-old female patient underwent a transabdominal subhysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma. Postoperative pathological examination showed GCT-ST with unclear tissue boundary (10.0 × 6.0 × 5.0 cm). A small amount of GCT-ST tissue could be seen on the local edge of the leiomyoma. Residual tumor tissue was found around the uterine cavity. The patient reported persistent lower abdominal distension pain 3 months after the operation. Pelvic and abdominal imaging showed a huge tumor and multiple pelvic and abdominal organ metastasis. No pulmonary metastasis was found. Exploratory surgery revealed widespread metastases in the abdominal and peritoneal cavities, involving both ovaries, right tubal serous membrane, appendix serous membrane, bladder, pelvic peritoneum, and abdominal wall incision. After surgery, the patient had 6 cycles of docetaxel and carboplatin but stopped treatments due to economic reasons. The patient died 3 months later because of multiple organs failure. GCT-ST is generally benign but has unpredictable behavior. A massive recurrence with wide invasion is possible after subtotal resection.

Study of some detoxification properties of a sorbent based on silicon dioxide

Veterinary sorption preparations are medicinal substances and substances that absorb gases, solid and liquid substances on their surface by adsorption. The purpose of our research was to study the detoxification properties of a sorbent based on silicon dioxide (ADC) obtained from rice processing industry waste during heavy metal poisoning in rats. Mercury dichloride was used for experimental poisoning with heavy metals. Nonlinear rats from the nursery of the RAMS "Rappolovo" were used for the experiment. The live weight of the animals averaged 120 g. 3 groups of animals with 20 rats in each were formed. Group No. 1 received the basic diet, ADC and mercury dichloride, group No. 2 – the basic diet and mercury dichloride in the amount of 25 mg per head. Group No. 3 is a control group, which was fed only the basic diet. The experience lasted 14 days. The results were evaluated by the live weight of animals, clinical blood examination, leukogram examination, pathoanatomic autopsy and massometry of internal organs of rats. In study group No. 1, there was no decrease in the body weight of rats during the 14 days of the experiment, while in study group No. 2, where the sorbent was not used, the body weight of rats decreased by 13.79 g. At the end of the experiment, a pathoanatomical autopsy of the animals was performed. In group No. 1, hemorrhages were observed in the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. In group No. 2, hemorrhages in the gastric mucosa, damage to the intestines, gallbladder and kidneys were noted, where serous infiltration of connective tissue, large spotty hemorrhages in the serous and mucous membranes were observed. There were no changes in the stomach, intestines, and kidneys in group No. 3. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that there are detoxifying properties of a veterinary sorption preparation based on silicon dioxide obtained from rice husks.

Comparative morphological characteristics of the uteroplacental area in abnormal placentation

The aim. To carry out a comparative morphological characteristic of the uteroplacental area with abnormal placentation – pl. accreta, pl. increta, pl. percreta. Materials and methods. The study included 47 patients with atypical placentation; the comparison group included 10 healthy pregnant women with uterine scar after a previous caesarean section. A histological study of uteroplacental area samples was performed with hematoxylin and eosin, methylene blue staining. An immunohistochemical study with primary antibodies to cytokeratin 7 (CK7), Hif2a, vascular endothelial growth factor, α-SMA was carried out. The differences between the compared values were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. The results of the study. Pl. accreta was determined in 12 (25.5 %), pl. increta – in 30 (63.9 %), pl. percreta – in 5 (10.6 %) patients. In all patients of the main group, the decidua was completely or partially absent in the area of abnormal placentation or was replaced by an uneven layer of fetal fibrinoid. Cases when placental villi unevenly penetrated into the thickness of myometrium in the form of “tongues” or “coves” bordered by fetal fibrinoid and often located intermuscularly were defined as pl. increta (n = 26). Cases with the placental villi ingrowth to the serous membrane were considered as pl. percreta (n = 5). In cases with deep variants of ingrowth (pl. increta and pl. percreta) (n = 31), the villi were visualized in the lumen of the vessels and the thinning of the lower uterine segment with the presence of stretched muscle bundles was revealed. Aseptic necrosis of the myometrium was found: in 2 (16.7 %) of 12 women with pl. accreta, in 26 (86.7 %) of 30 women with pl. increta and in 5 (100 %) women with pl. percreta. There were no areas of necrosis in the myometrium of the women of comparison group. Conclusion. The appearance and increase of myometrial necrosis zones in response to an increase in the depth of placental villus ingrowth were detected. Myometrial necrosis zones could be the cause of activation of angiogenic factors and an important stimulus for the development of abnormal vascularization in placenta accreta spectrum.

Eimeria granulosa causes spots visible through the serous membrane of small intestine in sheep

Coccidiosis, also known as Eimeriosis, is a highly prevalent parasitic disease affecting sheep in nearly all sheep-rearing nations across the globe. Currently, there is a scarcity of literature documenting the specific lesions in sheep resulting from coccidia infection. This study aimed to investigate these characteristic lesions through necropsy, microscopic observation, and molecular biological techniques. As a result, Eimeria granulosa was identified as the causative agent, which induced distinct pathological alterations in the small intestine of lambs as observed during necropsy. Notably, E. granulosa manifested as small scattered petechiae and white spots, visible through the serous membrane of the small intestine, akin to the pathology observed in E. necatrix. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for the accurate diagnosis of coccidiosis in sheep.

Radial compliance of porcine Fallopian tubes ex vivo – perspectives for the development of a gynecological microstent

Abstract Fallopian tube occlusions represent one of the most common causes of female sterility. As an innovative treatment approach for affected persons, we previously presented the concept of a novel polymeric, self-expanding, and bioresorbable microstent. As a basis for microstent development, knowledge of the mechanical properties of the anatomical target structure represents a crucial requirement. The current work describes a methodological approach for the experimental determination of radial Fallopian tube compliance using optical coherence tomography. It could be shown that a quantitative assessment of the mechanical properties of porcine Fallopian tube samples - as a whole anatomical structure including the Tunica mucosa, the Tunica muscularis, and the Tunica serosa - is possible, using the described test setup. Future investigations on human samples will allow for valuable information regarding the structural-mechanical properties of the Fallopian tube. Therefore, the current work offers perspectives for the development of a novel gynecological microstent for the treatment of Fallopian tube occlusions.

Comparison of the Development and Involution Periods of Bursa of Fabricius with Histological and Histochemical Methods

The aim of this study is to histologically and histochemically determine the developmental and involutional stages of bursa of Fabricius of henna partridge (Alectoris chukar). In the study, bursa of Fabricius of 12 3-month-old (6 males, 6 females), 12 6-month-old (6 males, 6 females) henna partridges purchased from a private farm were used. It was observed that bursa of Fabricius was surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and consisted of tunica serosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica mucosa layers from the outside to the inside. It was seen that the tunica muscularis consisted of outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle fibers. It was observed that the tunica mucosa made plicae towards the lumen of the organ and consisted of 10-15 plicae. It was seen that lamina epithelialis and lymph follicles were present in each plica. It was determined that the lamina epithelialis consisted of two parts called FAE (Follicle-Associated Epithelium) and IFE (İnter Follicular Epithelium). It was noted that the lymph follicles contained cortex and medulla sections and were separated locally by capillaries together with cortical medullary boundry cells. In the Methyl Green-pyronin staining method, plasma cells were found in the bursa of Fabricius of the henna partridge, in the connective tissue surrounding the organ, around the blood vessels and inside the follicles. In AB pH=2.5 staining, AB-positive reaction was seen only in the apical part of the epithelial cells forming FAE and IFE in the pre- and post-involution period. In PAS staining, PAS-positive reaction was observed only in the apical part of the epithelial cells forming FAE and IFE in the pre- and post-involution period. In PAS/AB pH=2.5 combined staining method, AB-positive reaction was observed only in the apical part of epithelial cells in the pre- and post-involution period. As a result of this study, it was found that bursa of Fabricius of the henna partridge did not undergo any histochemical changes despite its histologically large differences after involution.

Comprehensive characteristics of rectal morphology in chickens with different types of autonomous regulation

The influence of typological features of autonomous regulation on the dimensions, structure, and blood supply of the rectum in chickens has been studied. The experimental group consisted of clinically healthy adult chickens of the Isa-Brown breed, divided into two groups using electrocardiography and variation pulsometry methods: chickens with sympathetic-tonic regulation and chickens with sympathetic-normotonic regulation. In each group, the length and diameter of the rectum, the branching of its arterial vessels, and the microscopic structure of the intestinal wall were examined. The corresponding artery provides the blood supply to the rectum, the branching of which showed no significant differences between the poultry groups. The peculiarities of autonomous regulation significantly influence the morphological structure of the intestinal wall’s mucous and muscular membranes. The serous membrane does not respond to these features. Chickens with sympathetic-tonic regulation (ST chickens) are characterized by a greater thickness of all indicated membranes and, consequently, the entire intestinal wall. Chickens with sympathetic-normotonic regulation (ST-NT chickens) have a greater thickness only in the muscular plate of the mucous membrane and its longitudinal layer. Regarding the quantity of collagen and elastic fibers, ST chickens dominate the mucous membrane’s crypt area, while ST-NT chickens dominate the muscular membrane. However, the density of connective tissue fibers in the mucous membrane is much lower than in the muscular one. The quantity and distribution of plasma cells have similar patterns in both groups. Specific morphometric compensation between two functionally related indicators is also an important aspect. In this case, larger values of one indicator are combined with smaller values of another. For example, a smaller diameter of the rectum in ST chickens is associated with its greater length; a smaller number of goblet cells on one villus corresponds to a larger area of their secretory section; a larger area of the nerve node of the intramuscular nerve plexus is combined with a smaller number of these nodes per 1 cm² of the intestinal wall. Thus, the structure of the rectum in chickens, adapting to the corresponding type of autonomous regulation, maintains the balance at the level of individual membranes and the entire intestinal wall.

The Effect of Food Type on the Anatomical and Histological Structure of the Canary (Serinus canaria) and White-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis) Small Intestine

Objective: A comparative study of the histomorphological structure of the wall of the small intestine of the canary (Serinus canaria) and white-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis). Methodology: Five healthy birds from the canary and white-eared bulbul. All birds were euthanized and dissected, and histological staining procedures were used on the specimens. Result: Bulbul's intestine length-to-body length and intestinal weight-to-body weight ratios were higher than a canary's. According to morphological studies, the small intestine is divided into three sections (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). The duodenum was the same in both birds. The jejunum of bulbul is structured into short and wide segments that run caudally, and in canary, it forms a cone-shaped mass with outer centripetal and inner centrifugal turns, and the ileum is short in both birds. Histologically, the small intestine was lined by simple columnar cells and goblet cells. At the same time, the muscular mucosa of the duodenum is made up of two thick layers of smooth muscle that are divided into inner circular and outer longitudinal bundles; the submucosa was a loose connective tissue layer that was thick, tunica serosa appeared as a thin layer of loose connective tissue on the areolar surface. Keywords: canary, white-eared bulbul, small intestine, morphology, histology.

СЕМЕЙНЫЙ СЛУЧАЙ НАСЛЕДСТВЕННОЙ ГЕМОРРАГИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕЛЕАНГИЭКТАЗИИ

The article provides an observation of the clinical detection of familial hereditary hemorrhagic 
 telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rondu disease), which is manifested by a tumor of the transformation of small 
 foci in multiple telangiectasias, on the skin, mucous and serous membranes, arteriovenous shunts in the internal 
 organs and aneurysms, which is manifested by bleeding. This rare defect had various clinical manifestations 
 in the mother and caused relapses of pulmonary circulation in the child and, as a result, posthemorrhagic ane mia. The given obligatory observation by a pediatrician should be directed to severe symptoms of the disease 
 and obligatory compliance with the requirements and treatment

E48 Thinking about auto inflammatory diseases in front of a periodicity of fever in children: a case report

Abstract Introduction Auto-inflammatory diseases (AIDs) are caused by mutations in genes involved in the regulation of innate immunity. The prototypical diseases are the hereditary recurrent fevers (HRFs), whose intermittent inflammatory manifestations are similar between the different diseases; they preferentially affect the serous membranes, skin, eyes, joints, muscles and sometimes the central nervous system. Their onset is often early in life. Objectives To think of an auto inflammatory disease in front of a periodic fever in children Method We report the case of a child with periodic fever. Results A 4-year-old boy with no particular family or personal history, who presented at the age of 1 year with episodes of high fever without evident cause lasting from 7 to 14 days, with a monthly recurrence. There was associated pharyngitis, bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, oral aphthosis, abdominal pain, sometimes with arthralgia, vomiting, diarrhoea and skin rash. During the fever episode the inflammatory work-up is frankly positive with neutrophilic hyperleukocytosis and an elevated C-reactive protein. The duration and characteristics of the episodes are not modified by the usual antibiotic and antipyretic therapy. Viral serologies for CMV, EBV, parvovirus B19 and HIV are negative. Recurrent bacterial infections of the upper airways were ruled out in view of the periodic character, the negativity of the procalcitonin and throat swabs and the inefficiency of the antibiotic therapy during the attacks. The immune deficiency test came back normal. Autoinflammatory diseases in the absence of autoimmune signs were strongly suggested. Urinary mevalonate kinase/mevalonic acid during the episode was normal. Cyclic neutropenia was eliminated in the presence of PNN hyperleukocytosis at each episode. Genetic study of familial Mediterranean fever syndrome, cryopyrin-caps associated periodic syndrome and TRAPS syndrome came back normal. Our patient met al.l the Vanoni criteria for Marshall's syndrome. He received a single dose of prednisone 1 mg/kg which resulted in a spectacular defervescence in < 24 h and disappearance of other symptoms in a few days and their absence between attacks. This corticosteroid therapy was subsequently prescribed at each attack, which allowed rapid control and a reduction in the duration of the attacks. Discussion and conclusion The exact etiopathogenesis and diagnostic biomarkers of Marshall's disease are still unknown. It is rather a diagnosis of exclusion based mainly on clinical criteria. It is retained in our patient in view of the presence of all diagnostic criteria and the therapeutic test. There is no consensus on the treatment of Marshall's at present. Antipyretics can be used but are only partially effective. Single dose corticosteroids result in cessation of attacks; tonsillectomy is a secondary treatment option. Colchicine is promising for preventing or reducing the frequency of attacks. Marshall's syndrome is a self-limiting autoinflammatory disease of early childhood with spontaneous resolution without impact on the child's growth and development and without major sequelae in most cases within 3–5 years of onset.

MiR-4780 Derived from N2-Like Neutrophil Exosome Aggravates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer.

Despite significant advances in diagnostic methods and treatment strategies, the prognosis for patients with advanced colon cancer remains poor, and mortality rates are often high due to metastasis. Increasing evidence showed that it is of significant importance to investigate how the tumor microenvironment participates in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this manuscript, neutrophils were sequentially stimulated with all-trans retinoic acid and transforming growth factor-β in turn to induce the neutrophil polarization. Differentially expressed miRNA in neutrophil exosomes have been sequenced by microarray profile, and the effect of N2-like neutrophil-derived exosomal miR-4780 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis was investigated. In our results, we found that neutrophils were enriched in CRC tumor tissue and that CD11b expression correlated with tumor site and serous membrane invasion. At the same time, we demonstrated that internalization of N2 exosomes exacerbated the viability, migration, and invasion of CRC cell lines and inhibited apoptosis. To further investigate the molecular mechanism, we analyzed the miRNA expression profile in the N2-like neutrophils, which led to the selection of hsa-miR-4780 for the subsequent experiment. The overexpression of miR-4780 from N2-like neutrophil-derived exosomes exacerbated EMT and angiogenesis. Moreover, miR-4780 can regulate its target gene SOX11 to effect EMT and angiogenesis in CRC cell lines. CRC with liver metastasis model also validated that aberrant expression of miR-4780 in N2-like neutrophil exosomes exacerbated tumor metastasis and development of tumor via EMT and angiogenesis. In conclusion, our current findings reveal an important mechanism by which mR-4780 from N2-like neutrophil exosomes exacerbates tumor metastasis and progression via EMT and angiogenesis.

The Small Intestine in the Acute Period of Spinal Injury: Early Metabolic Disorders According to Fluorescence-Lifetime Imaging FLIM

RELEVANCE A special place in the development of enteral insufficiency is given to dysproteinemia, which is one of the leading causes of the development of decubital ulcers in patients with spinal cord injury. Early enteral nutrition partially solved this problem, but the incidence of bedsores still remains high and reaches 68%. The risk of metabolic disorders in the acute period of spinal injury is largely determined by non-occlusive intestinal ischemia against the background of spinal shock, neurohumoral dysregulation; intra-intestinal and intra-abdominal hypertension; change in intestinal microflora. Pathological changes in the intestinal wall occur during the first 20 days after injury and further exacerbate chronic maldigestion, malabsorption, intestinal dyskinesia in patients with traumatic spinal cord disease. New knowledge about the features of early enteral nutrition in patients in the acute period of traumatic spinal cord disease will reduce the risk of decubitus ulcerative defects.AIM OF THE STUDY To study the dynamics of metabolic processes in the tissues of the small intestine in the acute period of spinal injury.MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar rats (n=22). Spinal injury was simulated by acute complete transection of the spinal cord at the level of Th5–Th6 vertebrae. The assessment of metabolic changes in the cells of the serous membrane of the intestine was performed immediately, 3 and 24 hours after injury. The metabolism was assessed in vivo using fluorescence time-resolved macroimaging technology FLIM by autofluorescence in the spectral channel of the metabolic cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate).RESULTS The acute period of spinal cord injury is accompanied by a change in the endogenous autofluorescence of the serous membrane of the small intestine: a statistically significant decrease in the mean fluorescence lifetime (τm), the lifetime of the long component (τ2), and the relative contribution of the long component (а2) in 24 h after injury was recorded. The changes observed using FLIM confirm the catabolic type of metabolism in the tissues of the small intestine after spinal cord injury.CONCLUSION For the first time in the experiment in vivo it has been shown that the acute period of spinal injury is accompanied by a violation of metabolic processes in the tissues of the small intestine. This fact requires a more balanced approach in calculating the calorie content of nutrients used for early enteral nutrition in patients with spinal cord injury.

A decade's review for membrane anatomy: the setting,events in it, order formed by primary fascia and serous membrane

The successful report of total mesorectal excision (TME)/complete mesocolic excision (CME) has encouraged people to apply this concept beyond colorectal surgery. However, the negative results of the JCOG1001 trial denied the effect of complete resection of the "mesogastrium" including the greater omentum on the oncological survival of gastric cancer patients. People even believe that the mesentery is unique in the intestine, because they have a vague understanding of the structure of the mesentery. The discovery of proximal segment of the dorsal mesogastrium (PSDM) proved that the greater omentum is not the mesogastrium, and further revised the structure (definition) of the mesentery and revealed its container characteristics, i.e. the mesentery is an envelope-like structure, which is formed by the primary fascia (and serosa) that enclose the tissue/organ/system and its feeding structures, leading to and suspended on the posterior wall of the body. Breakdown of this structure leads to the simultaneous reduction of surgical and oncological effects of surgery. People quickly realized the universality of this structure and causality which cannot be matched by the existing theories of organ anatomy and vascular anatomy, so a new theory and surgical map- membrane anatomy began to form, which led to radical surgery upgraded from histological en bloc resection to anatomic en bloc resection.

Comparative age related histological observations on bursa of fabricius of Kadaknath and Narmada Nidhi birds

Poultry meat is one of the most important sources of protein for human consumption worldwide. Chicken and turkeys are considered as healthy sources of protein because they have relatively low levels of saturated fat compared with red meat. Kadaknath is a native breed, found in the tribal dominated Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh, India. But its meat is priced three times more than that of broiler chicken. Narmada Nidhi is an improved location specific breed of chicken developed by the College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. This breed is a dual purpose coloured one, which is good for tribal and rural areas of the country for poultry farming. Bursa of fabricius, in Kadaknath and Narmada Nidhi breeds of birds, were studied and compared histologically. It was found to have wall made of four layers, tunica serosa, tunica muscularis, viz. tunica submucosa and tunica mucosa from outside to inside. In both the breeds, internal surface of the wall was thrown into folds known as plicae, lined by pseudo stratified epithelium except at the crypts where columnar epithelium was seen. Four types of epithelium in follicles and two types of epithelium, (FAE and IFE), attached to plicae of bursa of both the breeds were identified. Septae thickness in bursa of fabricius of Narmada Nidhi was found to be more. Similarily, cortex was more densely packed in bursa of Narmada Nidhi.

Application of membrane anatomy in hepatopancreatobiliary and splenic surgery

Understanding of a variety of membranous structures throughout the body,such as the fascia,the serous membrane,is of great importance to surgeons. This is especially valuable in abdominal surgery. With the rise of membrane theory in recent years,membrane anatomy has been widely recognized in the treatment of abdominal tumors,especially of gastrointestinal tumors. In clinical practice. The appropriate choice of intramembranous or extramembranous anatomy is appropriate to achieve precision surgery. Based on the current research results,this article described the application of membrane anatomy in the field of hepatobiliary surgery,pancreatic surgery,and splenic surgery,with the aim of blazed the path from modest beginnings.

Histological patterns of the stomach of Yorkshire piglets in the age aspect

Pig breeding is currently a fairly promising industry that is able to ensure the food security of citizens in the Russian Federation with meat, bacon and bacon products. By nature, the stomach of pigs is classified as a mixed type (esophageal-intestinal), and therefore there is a special interest in studying the histological structure of the stomach in newborn piglets. The purpose of our study is to study the histological patterns of the stomach wall of Yorkshire piglets in the age aspect, to clarify morphometric indicators and to characterize histostructures. As a result of the study, two age groups of piglets were used: newborn one-day-old piglets and 28-30 days of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The histological method was used for the study. According to the results of the study, it was found that the stomach wall of Yorkshire piglets of two age groups is represented by three membranes: the mucosa, which borders on the submucosal base; muscle and serous membranes. The mucous membrane is represented by simple weakly branching tubular glands formed by the main, lining and accessory cells. At the age of 30 days, mucus-producing cells in the cardiac department were detected mainly in the deep parts of the mucosa, in the fundal they showed weak secretory activity throughout the branching tubular glands, and in the pyloric, as in the cardiac department, they were most often found in deep areas of the mucous membrane. Numerous nerve plexuses and ganglia were observed between the circular and longitudinal layers of smooth musculature in the thickness of the muscle membranes, occurring both in a oneday-old animal and at the age of 30 days. The serous lining of the stomach had a typical structure, was represented by loose connective tissue covered with mesothelium.

Циторедуктивне хірургічне лікування гігантського метастазу колоректального раку в яєчник. Клінічний випадок

Purpose - to present and analyze the case of surgical treatment of a patient with secondary giant adenocarcinoma of the right ovary. It is presented a clinical case of a giant metastasis of colorectal cancer to the ovary in a 48-year-old woman, measuring 30×20×15 cm, weighing about 9 kg, which occupied almost the entire volume of the abdominal cavity, pushing the stomach and intestines under the diaphragm with compression of the intestines, right ureter and the presence of ascites with a volume of 1.5 liters. A right-sided hemicolectomy with lymphodissection was performed, and an end-to-end ileotransversoanastmosis was applied. A right adnexectomy, extirpation of the uterus, omentectomy were performed. During the immunohistochemical study, membrane-cytoplasmic expression of cytokeratin (CK) 20 and nuclear expression of CDX2 were revealed. CDX2 is a defining marker for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as for the differentiation of primary and metastatic ovarian carcinomas. The patient has a lack of expression of receptors for estrogen and CK7 and positive nuclear expression of CDX2, which indicates metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma to the ovary. According to the results of the histological examination, which were of decisive importance, the origin of the tumor was determined and, accordingly, the patient’s diagnosis - the tumor of the cecum is G2 adenocarcinoma with germination into the serous membrane, metastases to the right ovary and regional lymphatic nodes 10 out of 10, and areas of tumor growth in the mesentery. Conclusions. In the case of detection of an ovarian neoplasm, the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary tumors is extremely important. Reproductive age at the time of presentation should not interfere with the diagnosis of primary or secondary ovarian malignancy. Metastases of primary colorectal cancer in the ovaries can manifest as pelvic tumors, so preoperative examination of the gastrointestinal tract and removal of the ovarian tumor with immunohistochemical examination is the leading option for choosing an appropriate treatment strategy. Immunohistochemical study of cytokeratin expression markers CK7, CK20 are appropriate for the differential diagnosis of synchronous cancer of the cecum and ovary, and CDX2 protein is a defining marker for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract and for distinguishing between primary and metastatic ovarian carcinomas. Cytoreductive surgery appears to be an important treatment option for metastatic ovarian neoplasia to improve prognosis. A multidisciplinary approach remains key in further examination, determination of the main diagnosis and development of an optimal treatment strategy. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

The amino-acid stress sensing eIF2α kinase GCN2 is a survival biomarker for malignant mesothelioma

BackgroundMalignant mesothelioma is a tumour that is strongly associated with a history of asbestos exposure, and which derives from mesothelial cells that line the serous cavities of the body. The tumour most commonly arises in the pleural cavity, but can also arise in the pericardium, peritoneum, and tunica vaginalis. At present the lesion has a very poor prognosis and is an incurable form of cancer with median survival times of up to 19 months being quoted for some histological subtypes. A large proportion of mesotheliomas have been shown to be arginine auxotrophic, leading to new research for therapeutics which might exploit this potential vulnerability.MethodsWe measured the levels of General Control Non-derepressible 2 (GCN2) protein in malignant mesothelioma tumour samples and determined whether these levels correlate with clinical outcomes.ResultsWe observed that the expression levels of GCN2 correlated with patient survival and was an independent prognostic variable in pairwise comparisons with all available clinical data.ConclusionThese findings suggest that GCN2 levels provides prognostic information and may allow for stratification of care pathways. It may suggest that targeting GCN2 is a viable strategy for mesothelioma therapy development.

Histological features of the bladder wall in yorkshire piglets in the age aspect

Yorkshire pigs occupy one of the first places in livestock farms in different parts of the world. This is due to the fact that breeding boars of this breed are widely used by farmers and owners not only of large livestock complexes, but also by private farms for crossing with other breeds of adapted pigs to increase the meat indicators of offspring. Pigs of this breed are very sensitive to sudden changes in ambient temperature, often suffer from overheating or hypothermia, which can affect the health of internal organs and body systems and can lead to diseases of the urinary system in general and in particular the bladder. The purpose of our study is to study the features of the histological structure of the bladder wall in Yorkshire piglets in the age aspect. Cadaver material for the study was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences from the Idavang Agro pig breeding complex in Nurma village, Tosnensky district of the Leningrad Region. The study was conducted in three age groups, according to the periodization of pig life: the first stage of development – newborn piglets (1-4 days of the postnatal period); the second stage of development – the first dairy (5-21 days of the postnatal period); the third stage of development – the second dairy (22-45 days of the postnatal period). From the first stage of development, newborn one-day-old piglets were used; from the second stage – animals 10-14 days; from the third – piglets 28-30 days of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The average body weight of piglets of group 1 is 550 g.; Group 2 is 1800 g.; Group 3 is 3000 g. In total, five piglets were inherited in each age group. The age was determined by the bonus cards and from the words of the chief veterinarian of the farm. To achieve this task, a set of traditional morphological research methods was used: fine anatomical dissection, histological, photographing and morphometry. Histological examination revealed that in Yorkshire piglets, the bladder wall has a typical histological structure and consists of mucous, muscular, and serous membranes. Morphometric indicators of histological structures of the bladder wall were determined and it was concluded that these values of thickness and diameter in males slightly exceed those in females.

The Histomorphometry of The Small Intestine on Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) at Different Age Levels

This study aims to determine the histomorphometry of the small intestine of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) at different age levels. This study used a completely randomized design. This study used 18 male turkeys, divided into 3 groups of ages 8, 16, and 24 weeks, each group comprising 6 turkeys. The necropsied turkey's small intestine was taken into histological preparations and stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE). The results showed that the histological picture of the small intestine layer of turkeys at different age levels consisted of four layers: tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscular, and tunica serosa. Histomorphometrically, there was an increase in the thickness of all layers of the small intestine from 8 and 16 weeks of age (P0.05), and the height of the intestinal villi increased in all parts of the small intestine at 8, 16 and 24 weeks of age (P0.05 ). In conclusion, with histomorphometric measurements, it can be seen that there are differences in the three age groups.