Tuna Research Articles

The Effect of Tuna Extract on Periarticular Tissue Catalase Activity and Malondialdehyde Levels in Animal Models of Adjuvant Arthritis

Tuna contains vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids, which play a role in preventing oxidative stress. The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis is often associated with oxidative stress due to increased ROS production. Adjuvant arthritis experimental animals are widely used for research on rheumatoid arthritis. This study aims to determine the effect of tuna fish extract on plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and periarticular tissue catalase in adjuvant arthritis (AA) experimental animals with AA. The 24 experimental animals were divided into 3 groups, group 1, eight experimental animals without treatment; group 2, eight experimental animals AA-induced complete freund adjuvant (CFA); group 3, eight experimental animals AA treated with Tuna fish extract therapy, and at the end of the study the animals were sacrificed and examined for plasma MDA and periarticular tissue catalase levels. The results of the ANOVA statistical test showed a significant increase in periarticular tissue catalase activity (p=0.001) between the AA group and the treatment group. There was a considerable decrease in periarticular tissue MDA levels (p=0.001) between the adjuvant arthritis group and the treatment group with p value = 0.001. The Spearman correlation test between MDA levels and catalase activity shows -0.335, indicating an adequate and inverse correlation. The administration of tuna extract can prevent oxidative stress. It can be shown that increasing the antioxidant activity of catalase and reducing lipid peroxidation is measured by examining MDA levels.

Analisis pengembangan produk abon ikan tuna menggunakan metode quality function deployment (QFD)

The study's purpose was to analyze shredded tuna products' development using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. Research subjects are parties involved in shredded tuna fish products' micro—business determination of the number of samples using the Bernoulli formula. as many as 60. QFD analysis stages include: (1) customer requirements analysis: (2) importance level analysis: (3) satisfaction level analysis: (4) goal value analysis (improvement targets to be achieved): (5) improvement ratio analysis: (6) sales point analysis: (7) natural weight analysis: (8) normalized raw analysis (8) technical requirements analysis: (9) technical requirements score analysis: (10) customer requirements score analysis: (11) technical correlation analysis: and (12) analysis of technical correlation scores. The study's results showed that 34 attributes of shredded tuna products were obtained from as many as 11 technical responses proposed in product development. Furthermore, from the 11 technical responses, eight technical answers were obtained that had a significant influence on the product development plan, including: (1) choosing to use easy-to-read fonts/writings; (2) information on the manufacture of packaging designs: (3) information on the nutritional value of shredded tuna fish in the manufacture of new packaging designs; (4) adding to the composition of the ingredients; (5) inspection of the composition and quality of raw materials; (6) the love tagline for Indonesian products in the new packaging design; (7) make packaging designs with new product brands; and (8) the innovation of making shredded tuna with a variety of new flavors.

Acceptance of offshore wind farm in Southwest Sardinia in Italy. Do regional energy policies matter?

Purpose The social acceptance of wind energy is increasingly conditioning the Italian Government and regions to authorize the construction of these plants. The proposal of offshore wind farm in the south-west of Sardinia has raised many perplexities both from the marine environmental point of view and from concern about increasing the electricity production in a region that already exports electricity to the peninsula. The purpose of this study is to evaluate what are the factors that most affect the coastal residents’ acceptability of an offshore wind farm. Design/methodology/approach The data is based on a Sardinia-wide in-person survey with about 512 participants in the period between May and June 2023. Respondents were selected randomly from five different locations in Carloforte region. Multiple regression analysis investigates the factors that influenced acceptability to construction and development of offshore wind power plant. Four independent variables were selected in the regression models such as (i) interest towards wind energy, (ii) attitude towards renewable energy production, (iii) perceived regional energy policy and (iv) attitude towards offshore wind farm. The dependent variables are the rates of coastal local residents’ acceptance of offshore wind farm for respondents in five coastal towns. Findings Fishermen and summer tourism operators’ respondents expressed significant reluctance to accept the new project because they perceive a strong risk of environmental impact on both tuna fishing and marine recreational activities in the vicinity. The distance between the turbines at sea and local residents along the coast and surrounding small islands does not have an influence to accept wind energy. The energy policy of the Region of Sardinia, which is perceived by respondents as an expansive energy policy in the production of electricity that exceeds their needs, not being accompanied by a scenario of reducing that from fossil fuels, is the variable that led about 70% of respondents to express a negative opinion towards this project. Research limitations/implications A potential problem associated with the survey is that local response produced sample selection bias. The proportion of respondents with secondary education and no school certificate is quite high. It is possible that respondents who provided valid questionnaires were more low-educated and therefore, the sample may be biased towards lower-educated people. While this does not invalidate the results of this study, it is important to note that the sample was on average less educated than the overall population in Italy. In addition, people with lower incomes were more likely to complete the questionnaires; the results are more representative of a portion of the population with incomes below the national average. Practical implications Results showed how coastal communities are in favour of wind energy within their island, but not within a marine protected area that is considered unique for its beauty and marine ecosystem. Wind energy developers should, before submitting a proposal for an offshore wind farm project, consider among other things the long approval time and understand the activities carried out by local communities and their attachment to those places. Politicians and developers should develop a coherent energy transition policy based on a long-term vision of zero emissions, because according to the findings of this study, it was the regional energy policy that is the most controversial reason for residents to reject the project. Originality/value The contribution of this study is to fill a part of the research gap linking to ongoing energy transitions. In particular, this study analysed for the first time in Italy the acceptability level of an offshore renewable energy project considering the environmental implications and risks in the fragile marine ecosystem of Carloforte waters. This study also made it possible to analyse the impact of the regional energy policy on the acceptability of residents towards the development of offshore wind farms, which is scarcely discussed in the literature.

Molecular and Phylogenetic Character Analysis of Tuna (Auxis rochei) Based on the CO1 Gene in the Waters of West Lombok

Tuna Fish is a type of tuna with a medium body size and fair wide distribution in Indo-Pacific waters. The number of Tuna Fish species that have morphological similarities can cause misidentification. This study aims to determine the genetic and phylogenetic diversity between variations of Tuna Fish species in the West Lombok Waters. This research is an exploratory study with the object of research being a dataset of ingroup sequences of tuna and outgroup sequences from the same family. The amplification of fish samples used DNA primers targeting the CO1 gene, which resulted in a sequence length of approximately 650 bp. Sequence data were analyzed using MEGA XI software known from phylogenetic tree analysis shows that Tuna Fish from the waters of the West Lombok are closely related to Tuna Fish from the South China Sea and have a genetic distance of less than 3%.

Development and initial evaluation of a combustion-based sample introduction system for direct isotopic analysis of mercury in solid samples via multi-collector ICP-mass spectrometry

High-precision isotopic analysis of mercury (Hg) using multi-collector ICP-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) is a powerful method for obtaining insight into the sources, pathways and sinks of this toxic metal. Modification of a commercially available mercury analyzer (Teledyne Leeman Labs, Hydra IIc – originally designed for quantification of Hg through sample combustion, collection of the Hg vapor on a gold amalgamator, subsequent controlled release of Hg and detection using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry CVAAS) enabled the system to be used for the direct high-precision Hg isotopic analysis of solid samples using MC-ICP-MS – i.e., without previous sample digestion and subsequent dilution. The changes made to the mercury analyzer did not compromise its (simultaneous) use for Hg quantification via CVAAS. The Hg vapor was mixed with a Tl-containing aerosol produced via pneumatic nebulization, creating wet plasma conditions, and enabling the use of Tl as an internal standard for correction of instrumental mass discrimination. Accurate and precise (0.10 ‰ 2SD, δ202Hg, n = 5) results were obtained for an in-house standard solution of Hg (20 ng Hg sample intake). Initial validation relied on the successful analysis of two solid certified reference materials of biological origin (BCR CRM 464 Tuna fish and NRC-CNRC TORT-3 Lobster hepatopancreas). It was shown that instrumental mass discrimination can be adequately corrected for by relying on the use of an aqueous Hg standard solution (NIST SRM 3133), without the need of matrix-matching. The novel setup developed thus allows for direct high-precision isotopic analysis of Hg in solid samples, thus enhancing the sample throughput. It is also suited for samples for which low amounts are available only and/or that are characterized by low Hg concentrations.

Ethnoecological Study of Local Community Food in Supporting the Development of Culinary Ecotourism in the Sekotong Region, West Lombok

Combining the concept of ecotourism with culinary delights based on local food resources in coastal communities in West Lombok district is one form of appropriate development strategy that will make the West Lombok district region have its own development characteristics leading to sustainable tourism and tourism support which will become the concept of future tourism development. This research examines in more depth the ethnoecological aspects of coastal communities, especially regarding local food. Through this research, data will be obtained regarding the diversity of local food types in coastal communities, mapping community wisdom in processing and utilizing local food. Local community interactions and perceptions of local food diversity. The type of research used is descriptive exploratory with research techniques in the form of exploration. The sampling techniques used in the research were purpose sampling and snowball sampling. Research data collection uses several techniques, including random observation to obtain qualitative and quantitative data on local food typical of the island of Lombok, which uses an open questionnaire targeting local communities according to predetermined criteria. The research results show that coastal communities have more food resources originating from marine resources, both fish and non-fish, these food resources are still protected because most people still harvest the results using simple equipment. There are around 11 types of processed food as a family practice. Tuna fish has the highest ICS (Index of Cultural Significance) value while mackerel fish has the highest variety of uses. Shrimp is the fish group that has the highest ICS value, while cassava leaves have the highest ICS value for the vegetable group. The local wisdom of the community which originates from their ancestors in order to protect their environmental resources is still maintained today.

Coumarin derivative-functionalized nanoporous silica as an on–off fluorescent sensor for detecting Fe3+ and Hg2+ ions: a circuit logic gate

A highly efficient fluorescent sensor (S-DAC) was easily created by functionalizing the SBA-15 surface with N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane followed by the covalent attachment of 7-diethylamino 3-acetyl coumarin (DAC). This chemosensor (S-DAC) demonstrates selective and sensitive recognition of Fe3+ and Hg2+ in water-based solutions, with detection limits of 0.28 × 10–9 M and 0.2 × 10–9 M for Hg2+ and Fe3+, respectively. The sensor’s fluorescence characteristics were examined in the presence of various metal ions, revealing a decrease in fluorescence intensity upon adding Fe3+ or Hg2+ ions at an emission wavelength of 400 nm. This sensor was also able to detect ferric and mercury ions in spinach and tuna fish. The quenching mechanism of S-DAC was investigated using UV–vis spectroscopy, which confirmed a static-type mechanism for fluorescence quenching. Moreovre, the decrease in fluorescence intensity caused by mercury and ferric ions can be reversed using trisodium citrate dihydrate and EDTA as masking agents, respectively. As a result, a circuit logic gate was designed using Hg2+, Fe3+, trisodium citrate dihydrate, and EDTA as inputs and the quenched fluorescence emission as the output.Graphic abstract

Time-varying effects of crude oil price fluctuations on tuna fish prices

This research presents an investigation of the time-varying effects of crude oil on the price of three tuna species, namely skipjack, albacore, and yellow fin. The investigation analyses the impact coefficient of oil price fluctuation on tuna species over time with specific phases related to time points when crude oil prices fall, including December 2008 (due to the impact of the Financial Crisis), February 2016 (due to the impact of the US shale oil and gas revolution), and April 2020 (due to the impact of the global COVID-19). The analysis shows that the price of yellow fin and skipjack shows sensitivity to these phased oil price shocks but stays consistent after recovery. This research finds that the relationship between oil price and tuna price depends on specific phases of oil price fluctuations and that global crude oil price shocks could have immediate and short-term impacts on fish markets, especially during a period of financial crisis.

Identification and quantification of flavor compounds in smoked tuna fish based on GC-Orbitrap volatolomics approach

Cold smoking enhances the appeal of fish products, offering consumers a smooth texture and a delicate smoky flavor. This study aims to explore variations in the volatile profile from different exposure times during cold smoking processing (light, moderate, and full-cure) in tune samples. An innovative untargeted analytical approach, headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography and a hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass analyzer, was employed to identify 86 volatiles associated with the cold smoking process. Most of these compounds, including phenols, furan derivates, aldehydes, cyclic ketones, and different aromatic species, were found to contribute to the smoke odor. The development of a QuEChERS-based extraction and clean-up method facilitated the quantification of 25 relevant smoky markers across all smoking degrees, revealing significant concentration differences after 15 h of smoking. This research sheds light on the dynamics of cold smoking impact and its on the flavor profile and safety quality of processed fish products.

Implementation of HACCP System in a tuna fish Industry

The challenge of this work was to guarantee the safety of canned tuna by HACCP implementation system. 4 critical control point (CCPs) were selected by an experienced team HACCP to evaluate the efficiency of the system in a tuna fish Industry. The CCP1 is the control of the freshness of the flesh of tuna fish on receipt. The CCP2 is a determination of the levels contents of the histamine and of the mercury of the tuna on receipt. The CCP3 is the control of the seams. The CCP4 is the sterilization. The levels of histamine and mercury contents in fish receipts were aranged between 10.5-29.5 and between 0.022-0.055 mg/kg respectively. No microbiological contamination was detected. pH values were ranged between 5.65-6.02 and the cold chain was respected. Thus, the results show that all CCPs are controlled and validated.

PEMANFAATAN TULANG IKAN TUNA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGURANGAN LIMBAH MENJADI OLAHAN KERIPIK PADA UMKM MARIFA

One of the snacks is tuna bone chips, which consists of thin round slices made from tapioca flour. The use of materials made from fish bones is intended to reduce the waste of tuna fish bones that are discarded. This service activity was conducted in Malaju Village, a hamlet in the western part of Paropa, where most residents work as entrepreneurs concentrating on processed fish products. Among the most discarded waste from fish production is fish bones. This waste can pollute the surrounding environment. The purpose of this service is to help MSME players find solutions so that production waste does not pollute the surrounding environment. This service uses evaluation, socialization, and training. The result of utilizing tuna fish bones for making chips is to reduce the amount of tuna fish bone waste and make this product an additional source of income for small and medium businesses (MSMEs).

Analysis of the effect of brown rice, tuna, cucumber, and pineapple treatment on proteinuria and albuminuria in Wistar Rats strain with chronic kidney disease

This study aims to determine how nutrition therapy with brown rice, tuna fish, pineapple, and cucumber affects proteinuria and albuminuria in male Wistar rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, 16 male Wistar rats with CKD were divided into four groups. The result states that the third treatment, consisting of 341 g/kg BW (Body Weight)/day brown rice, 15 g/kg BW/day tuna fish, 2 g/kg BW/day pineapple, and 2 g/kg BW/day cucumber could reduce both proteinuria (p < 0.01) and albuminuria (p < 0.01) in rats. However, the first (250 g brown rice, 13 g/kg BW/day tuna fish, 1 g/kg BW/day pineapple, 1 g/kg BW/day cucumber) and second treatment (296 g/kg BW/day brown rice, 14 g/kg BW/day tuna fish, 1.5 g/kg BW/day pineapple, 1.5 g/kg BW/day cucumber) could not reduce the levels of proteinuria and albuminuria in rats. In conclusion, giving a balanced diet containing 341 g/kg BW/day of brown rice, 15 g/kg BW/day of tuna fish, 2 g/kg BW/day of pineapple, and 2 g/kg BW/day of cucumber for CKD can maintain body fluid and increase the re-absorption of proteins and albumin. Therefore, the third nutrition formula can be recommended to people with kidney disease after clinical tests on humans.

Effectiveness of washing with atung (Parinarium glaberimum Hassk) solution on quantity and quality of dark meat yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) surimi

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is the world's second-largest commodity with good nutrition. After processing, some wastes / residues / by-products can be used to produce surimi which still retains the tuna meat properties. The manufacturing of surimi requires safe preservatives, such as the natural preservative, atung (Parinarium glaberimum Hassk), which contains antibacterial substances. Therefore, the present work aimed to determine the effectiveness of 4% (w/v) atung solution on the quantity and quality of yellowfin tuna surimi produced from tuna by-products. The fish meat was treated with a washing agent of ice water and 4% atung solution with several washing frequencies. The parameters assessed were the yield and quality of surimi by analysing the protein content, myofibrillar protein content (salt soluble), water-holding capacity, Salmonella spp., and E. coli. In addition, the parameters included teeth-cutting, ashi strength, and folding. The 4% (w/v) atung solution effectively produced tuna fish surimi with 68.50% yield, 20.62% protein, 8.87% myofibrillar protein, and free from Salmonella spp. and E. coli. The water-holding capacity of the surimi was recorded at 68.9% and increased to 73.3% after three washes. The use of 4% (b/v) atung solution effectively produced surimi with a teeth-cutting value of 7.80 - 7.92, and an ashi strength of 7.97 - 8.08, whereas the folding test was B to A (3.80) after four washes.

Physicochemical and Fatty Acid Profile of Refined Tuna Fish Oil By-Product from Canning and Meal Fish Industries

Fish oil by-product (FOB) recovered from the precooking process in the cannery industry and the pressing process in fish meal production are potential resources. However, this fish oil still needs a refinery process to improve the quality of fish oil. This study aimed to identify the physicochemical characteristics of the initial fish oil by-product, the physicochemical profiles, and fatty acids of the fish oil by-product after degumming neutralization and bleaching (bentonite, zeolite, and carbon adsorbents) processes from the cannery and fish meal industry. Results showed the initial physicochemical characteristics of fish oil waste from fish flour have lower quality than canned products (acid value, free fatty acids, PV, AV, TOTOX value, viscosity, and refractive index) but are inversely proportional to the iodine value. Results showed degumming (D) and neutralization (N) processes from the Fish oil canning process (FCP) and Fish oil meal process (FMP) could improve the quality parameters of fish oil by-products by reducing the acid value (7.90, 0.65, 9.17, 0.58 mg KOH/g), respectively; free fatty acid (3.97, 0.33, 4.60, 0.29 % oleic) respectively; peroxide value (PV) (15.18, 7.38, 17.64, 7.10 mEq/kg), respectively; anisidine value (AV) (14.36, 6.61, 14.64, 6.51) respectively; total oxidation (TOTOX) value (44.72, 21.37, 49.64, 20.71) respectively; and iodine (167, 153, 163, 155 mg/100 g), respectively as well as increasing the lightness (23.80, 25.70, 20.65, 26.00), respectively. In the bleaching process (B), zeolite (15 %) was an effective adsorbent to obtain oil with the best quality parameters due to zeolite possessed greater polarity and surface area at a higher concentration, which resulted in the acid value for FCP and FMP (0.26, 0.22 mg KOH/g); free fatty acid (0.13, 0.15 % oleic); PV (2.44, 5.71 mEq/kg); AV (2.5, 4.9); TOTOX value (7.16, 9.11); and iodine (138, 151 mg/100 g) as well as increasing the lightness (37.08, 36.74) that are appropriate to International Fishmeal & Oil Manufacturers Association (IFOMA), Codex Alimentarius Committee (CAC), and International Fish Oils Standards (IFOS) standards (p < 0.05). All adsorbents effectively increase the brightness of the FOB. The higher the concentration of adsorbents, the higher the clarity of the FOB. For zeolite absorbents, there was an increase of 16.73 - 32.3 % for FCP and 15.39 - 32.69 % for FMP, but the viscosity decreased with a range of 24.50 - 36.50 cPs. FCP contains 14 fatty acids, while FMP contains 12 fatty acids. The number of SFA and MUFA detected in FCP is lower than in FMP. In contrast, the amount of PUFA in FCP is relatively higher than in FMP. The percentage of EPA and DHA in FCP is lower than in FMP. Overall, the refining process affects the fatty acid composition of fish oil by-products both in the canning process and in fish meal. HIGHLIGHTS Fish oil by-product (FOB) of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the fish canning process (CP), and fish meal process (MP) streams were successfully purified through a chemical process which was by IFOMA, CAC, and IFOSH standards Zeolite resulted in the best fish oil quality at higher concentrations The Final Fish oil canning process (FCP) was mainly composed of linoleic, whereas the Fish oil meal process (FMP) was highly distributed in oleic and palmitic acid The sum of PUFA in FCP after bleaching was relatively higher than in FMP GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

The Effect of Giving Modified Yellow Pumpkin Soybean Noodles and Tuna Fish on Body Weight and Height of Wasting Toddlers in Medan City

This study used a quasi-experimental design with a before and after treatment design using a control group and a treatment group with the aim of determining the effect of giving modified soy pumpkin noodles and tuna fish on body weight and height in 18 wasting toddlers in Medan City. The data collection method was food recall before and after treatment, and measuring body weight and height in the treatment group and the control group was given 100 grams of modified soy pumpkin noodles and tuna fish for 30 days from November to December 2023. The results of the study showed an increase After treatment, the z score for BB/TB increased, the post test results between the control group and the treatment group were independent T test results (p=0.001).

The challenge of assessing the effects of drifting fish aggregating devices on the behaviour and biology of tropical tuna

AbstractFishers have intensively used drifting fish aggregating devices (DFADs) over the last three decades to facilitate their catch of tropical tunas. DFADs increase purse‐seine efficiency, potentially increasing tuna fishing mortality. They could also have impacts on tuna natural mortality and reproductive potential, and assessing the consequences of their presence at sea on tuna populations is a challenge. The use of DFADs results in a major increase in the number of floating objects, which are spatially heterogeneous at sea. To date, no converging scientific results exist regarding the effects of DFADs on the large‐scale movements and behaviour of tuna, mainly due to the difficulty of disentangling the respective roles of DFADs and environmental factors. Some biological indices show that tuna condition is lower when associated to a floating object than in a free‐swimming school. However, it is not clear whether this is the cause or the consequence of the association nor if it has long‐term effects on individuals' fitness. Further scientific progress requires (i) the collection of time series of indicators to monitor habitat change, individual behaviour, individual fitness, and population dynamics and (ii) experimental studies to identify the underlying behavioural and biological processes involved in associative behaviour. The extent of the modification of the surface habitat by the massive deployment of DFADs and the current uncertainty of the possible long‐term consequences on the individual fitness and dynamics of tuna populations argue for the need for increased awareness of this issue by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations regulating tuna fishing.

Peningkatan Efektifitas Pancing Ulur Kakintu Kindaeng di Desa Palahanaeng Kecamatan Tabukan Tengah, Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara

The problem with the fishermen group in Palahanaeng Village is the minimum number of fishing gear and the ineffectiveness of the fishing gear. This PMUP program provides education about the handline fishing gear or “Kakintu Kindaeng” fishing line, as well as counseling on the effectiveness of its use for fishermen groups. The service method that will be carried out is providing counseling and training, mentoring, and monitoring and evaluation for fishing fishermen groups in Palahanaeng Village. This community service helps fishermen groups in Palahaneng Village to increase catches, which has implications for increasing fishermen's income. Kakintu kindaeng is a common fishing gear used by fishermen in Palahanaeng Village. Kindaeng is the name of the local people for mackarel tuna fish, which is a type of pelagic fish that has economic value. The operation process is stretched out into the water by being pulled and jerked while the boat is being run using the engine. Some of these catches are sold and some are used for daily family consumption needs.

Analisis Mutu Organoleptik Ikan Tuna (Thunnus spp.) Di Kota Gorontalo Berdasarkan Rantai Distribusi

The quality and distribution chain of tuna that is landed on the coast of Gorontalo from the fishermen's catch, the fish auction place (TPI) to the consumer is currently unknown, so there is a need for further information regarding the quality of the fish that is landed or that has been distributed which is of good quality. The aim of this research is to determine the organoleptic value of tuna (Thunnus spp.) based on the distribution chain, namely from fishermen's catches to fish auction sites (TPI) and fish retailers. The method used was tuna fish samples taken from three different places, namely fishermen, TPI and fish retailers, organoleptic tests and analyzed using Kruskal-wallis. Based on the results of the analysis of the fisherman sample, the highest score was 8, the TPI sample with a score of 7, and the lowest score was obtained for the PENGECER IKAN sample with a score of 6.43. Tuna fish samples from fishermen's catches and fish auction sites (TPI) meet the established standards for fresh fish raw materials, namely 7 (SNI 2013).

Characterization of PVA/Chitosan and Tuna Fish Bones CHA Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Bone tissue engineering has been used in the biomedical field to treat bone defects by implanting scaffolds into bone tissue. However, the currently developed scaffold still needs to be developed to obtain scaffold building materials with good compatible properties and can regenerate damaged bone cells. This study combines PVA/Chitosan polymer with CHA of tuna bone using the porogen leaching method at a calcination temperature of 100°C for 12 hours. The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties by characterizing XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and the porosity of the scaffold. The results obtained from the results of the PVA/Chitosan/CHA XRD patterns are the formation of the PVA/Chitosan phase at 2θ(°)=19.68, the IR spectrum of the 43−group band and 2 stretching, the ratio mol Ca/P is 1.98, the pore diameter is 1.561 ± 0.07 μm and the porosity is 55.04%. These results indicate that the PVA/Chitosan/CHA scaffold is an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) that has the potential for bone tissue engineering.

Testing the Level Organoleptics for Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Biscuits with the Addition of Tuna (Thunnus Sp) Bone Flour as an Additional Food for Children Toddlers

One of the 2030 SDG targets, namely SDG target 2, the Indonesian government has attempted to provide interventions to reduce stunting rates, both specific interventions and sensitive interventions. One of the government's efforts is to provide functional food in the form of high-calorie biscuits to stunted toddlers. Several obstacles often occur, one of which is distribution where the PMT biscuits are produced outside Papua and it takes time for distribution until when they arrive in the community the biscuits have expired and cannot be consumed. Organoleptic test results for color preference levels, panelists liked Moringa Biscuits with the addition of 20% tuna bone meal; for the level of preference for aroma, panelists liked Moringa Biscuits with the addition of 10% tuna bone meal; for taste preference level, panelists liked Moringa Biscuits with the addition of 30% tuna fish bone meal; For the level of preference for texture, panelists liked Moringa Biscuits with the addition of 20% tuna bone meal.