Tuna Bone Research Articles

Biocalcium powder from precooked skipjack tuna bone: Production and its characteristics

Biocalcium (BC) powder from the bones of precooked skipjack tuna was produced and characterized, compared to calcined bone (CB) powder. Higher calcium (40.35%) and phosphorous (15.28%) contents were found in the CB powder, compared to BC powder (26.91 and 12.63%, respectively). Nevertheless, similar Ca/P ratio was observed (1.62–1.65). Mean particle sizes of both powders were 17.07–20.29 µm. BC powder had higher b* (yellowness) with slightly lower L* (lightness) values than the CB counterpart (p < .05). Both samples showed a characteristic peak of hydroxyapatite in X-ray diffraction patterns, in which the crystallinities of the BC and CB powders were 45.19 and 74.69%, respectively. Amides I, II, and III peaks in Fourier transform infrared spectrum, hydroxyproline, and protein were detected only in the BC powder. BC powder had a low abundance of volatile compounds, including aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones. A negligible amount of volatiles was found in the CB powder. Practical applications Calcium supplementation has been increasingly used to alleviate the lack of calcium in the human body, particularly inadequate levels of calcium and poor absorption. Calcium associated with peptides or biocalcium (BC) has a higher advantage in terms of absorption than calcium alone. Precooked skipjack tuna is considered a promising source for BC production due to its abundance. BC with improved color and odor along with increased solubility in gastrointestinal tract can be used as an alternative calcium supplement to tackle the inadequate intake of dietary calcium.

Late Holocene Marshall Islands Archaeological Tuna Records Provide Proxy Evidence for ENSO Variability in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

ABSTRACTTuna will have increased importance to Pacific Island nations in coming decades for food security and economic needs; consequently, sustainable fisheries management policies are imperative. The frequency and temporal distribution of tuna bones from tropical Pacific archaeological sites is essential for documenting millennial-scale records that detail the responses of tuna stocks to anthropogenic fishing pressure and climatic variability. We highlight the potential impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability on the western and central Pacific Ocean skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) fishery over the last 2,000 years. Ebon Atoll (4°38′24.67″N, 168°42′23.56″E), Republic of the Marshall Islands archaeological data and regional western and central Pacific Islands archaeological tuna fishery data are evaluated. These datasets are compared to palaeoclimate records, which track hydroclimate variability during the last 2,000 years, and recent historic capture records, which document associations between ENSO and skipjack abundance and range throughout the tropical Pacific Ocean. Results suggest that regional and temporal trends in archaeological scombrid/skipjack abundance provide proxy evidence for western and central Pacific Ocean ENSO variability, while prehistoric human impacts to the tuna fishery appear to be negligible. Future research should include species-level identification of all archaeological tuna bones and establish fine-grained local climate data across the region that is tied to well-dated archaeological sequences, thus enhancing our understanding of how regional climate influences the geographic distribution and relative abundance of tuna species over millennia.

Characteristics of Biocalcium from Pre-cooked Skipjack Tuna Bone as Affected by Different Treatments

Biocalcium (Bio-Ca) from pre-cooked skipjack tuna bone was prepared using several treatments. Cleaning by high pressure water jet cleaner (CB), followed by alkaline treatment (AlB) could remove remaining meat and lipids, thereby increasing levels of Ca and P. This was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, in which Ca and P contents on bone surfaces were more increased (p < 0.05). Defatting using hexane was able to reduce thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values and fishy odor intensity. Bleaching using sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide resulted in the increase in whiteness (L*-value) with decreases in redness (a*-value) and yellowness (b*-value). Fishy odor intensity of Bio-Ca markedly decreased with the coincidental decreases in volatile aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. Bio-Ca still contained collagen with imino acid content of 179 residues/1000 residues. Thus, individual treatment profoundly affected properties and fishy odor of Bio-Ca from pre-cooked skipjack tuna bone.

In vitro calcium availability in bakery products fortified with tuna bone powder as a natural calcium source

Avoidance of dairy products due to lactose intolerance can lead to insufficiency of calcium (Ca) in the body. In an approach to address this problem, tuna bone powder (TBP) was formulated as a calcium supplement to fortify bakery products. In a study, TBP recovered by alkaline treatment contained 38.16 g/100 g of calcium and 23.31 g/100 g of phosphorus. The ratio of Ca:P that was close to 2:1 was hence comparable to that in human bones. The availability of calcium in TBP was 53.93%, which was significantly higher than most calcium salts, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) being the exception. In vitro availability of calcium in TBP-fortified cookies or TCP-fortified cookies were comparable at 38.9% and 39.5%, respectively. These values were higher than the readings from TBP-fortified bread (36.7%) or TCP-fortified bread (37.4%). Sensory evaluation of bakery products containing TBP or TCP elicited comparable scores for the two additives from test panels. Hence, TBP could be used in the production of high calcium bakery products that would enjoy consumer acceptance.

CHARACTERISTIC OF FISH GLUE FROM THREE DIFFERENT MARINE FISHES

Fish bone waste is a byproduct of fish processing units, which can be utilized to produce fish glue. Fish glue is an adhesive substance that made from collagen extract of fish skin and bones. The purpose of this research was to determine the quality of the fish glue with different raw materials of marine fishes bones such as Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson), Eastern little Tuna (Euthynnus affinis), and Cobia (Rachycentron canadum). The research method was the extraction of fish bones using 5% CH3COOH solution with a ratio of fish bone and solution of 1:1. Later, the filtrate was evaporated using a rotary vacuum evaporator to obtain fish glue. Parameters measured were bonding strength, damage to wooden surfaces, viscosity, pH, and moisture content. The results showed that the use of raw materials of different fish bones affect the value of the bonding strength, damage to wooden surfaces, viscosity, pH, and moisture content. Fish glue made of Eastern little Tuna bones as raw material was the best product resulted from this research, with the fish glue characteristics for bonding strength of 7.7 N/mm2, wood surface damage of 83.21%, viscosity of 4.17 poise, pH 4.74, and moisture content of 55.60%. The product was also comply with SNI 06-6049-1999 of polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesives for wood working. The research results indicated that fish bones as raw material are potential to be developed in the manufacture of fish glue. Keywords: fish glue, bones, spanish mackerel, eastern little tuna, cobia

Effects of trace elements in fish bones on crystal characteristics of hydroxyapatite obtained by calcination

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) which has ion-exchange properties is a useful sorbent for heavy metals and radionuclides. Ion-exchange capacity is influenced by the composition and crystallinity of HAp. In this study, synthesis of HAp from calcined fish bones was investigated, focusing on the effects of major trace elements. The HAp formed by calcination of fish bones is most likely B-type carbonated HAp. Even when we include the Na, K and Mg contents, the molar ratio of (Ca+substituted cation)/P of fish bones was about ~5% lower than the theoretical one (Ca/P=1.67). X-ray diffraction and EXAFS analysis results indicated that the crystallinity of Horse mackerel bones (Hm) is the lowest. Calcined Hm had the highest Mg content, accompanied with the formation of β-tricalcium phosphate and the least crystalline HAp of the fish bones studied. In calcination of Tuna bones (Tn), which had a high Ca/P ratio and low Mg content, highly crystalline HAp and calcium oxide were formed at temperatures above 800°C. The findings are useful for application of calcined fish bones as green materials for water remediation, because these factors strongly affect the efficiency of ion exchange in HAp and the pH changes in solutions after HAp immersion.

Kakdugi(大根キムチ)の品質改良へのクロマグロ骨スープの利用

Kakdugi(大根キムチ)の品質改良へのクロマグロ骨スープの利用

The Effects of a Kind of Organic Acid and Concentration on Composition of Tuna Bone Extracts

The Effects of a Kind of Organic Acid and Concentration on Composition of Tuna Bone Extracts

The effect of various level of skipjack tuna bone meal (Katsuwonus pelamis L.) in ration on broiler carcass tenderness and abdominal fat

Hundred day old chicks Arbor Acres CP-707 were used randomizedly in this experiment, to study the effects of various levels skipjack tuna bone meal in ration on broiler carcass tenderness and abdominal fat, and were studied for six weeks. Research using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The dietary treatments are: R0 basal diet as control, R1 basal diet + 2% tuna bone meal, R2 basal diet + 4% tuna bone meal and R3 basal diet + 6% tuna bone meal, and each treatments were repeated five times. Results indicated that the highest carcass tenderness was get from the broiler that fed basal diet with 6% tuna bone meal (125,4 mm/g/10sec) and the lowest was get from the broiler that fed basal diet (107 mm/g/10sec). For the abdominal fat, the results is broiler that adding skipjack tuna bone meal in the ration will give more abdominal fat to the broiler (1.89% - 1.92%) versus 1.85% for basal diet.

Effect of Temperature on Isolation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite from Tuna (Thunnus obesus) Bone.

The effect of temperature on isolation and characterization of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from tuna bone was evaluated at different temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 1200 °C. The calcined bones were characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and cytotoxicity assay. The FTIR and TGA results revealed the presence of inorganic and organic matrices in raw bone and a preserved carbonated group in the derived HAp. The XRD results of the derived HAp were coherent with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS-09-0432/1996) data. In addition, FE-SEM results revealed the formation of nanostructured HAp (80–300 nm) at 600 °C and crystal agglomeration was observed with an increase in temperature. The calcium to phosphorous weight ratio was determined by EDX results of treated bones. Derived HAp with various crystal sizes had no cytotoxicity on the MG 63 cell line. Based on the analysis, we conclude that varying the isolation temperature between 600–900 °C has tremendous impact on the production of HAp from Thunnus obesus with required properties.

Sintering and Mechanical Property of Tuna Bone-Derived Hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics derived from tuna bone (THA) was prepared and their mechanical property was investigated with immersion in buffered water. Tuna bones were soaked in 0.1 M of NaOH solution at 80°C for 1 h. After soaking, the bones were calcined at 800°C for 1 h to completely remove organic, and then attritor-milled for 24 h. The powders obtained were cold isostatically pressed and sintered at 1300°C with a dwell time of 1 h. Sintered densities of the THA was about 93%. After polishing, the THA were immersed in buffered water at 37 °C for 3 and 7 days. The THA ceramics consisted of HA and small amount of magnesium oxide. Immersion test revealed that there was no clear evidence of dissolution for the THA which sintered at high temperatures. Vickers hardness test showed that the hardness value of THA ceramics was not changed with immersion time indicating that dense hydroxyapatite from tuna bone was stable in liquid environment.

Biological Behavior of MG63 Cells on the Hydroxyapatite Surface

The response of human bone marrow cell to bone ash-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) and tuna bonederived HA powders was compared. HA ceramics were prepared from the commercial bone ash and waste of tuna bone. HA powders were prepared by soaking the bone ash and tuna bone in 0.1M of NaOH solution at 80 °C for 4 hours. Both powders were calcined at 800 °C for 1 hour to completely remove organic and were attritor-milled for 24 hours. The bone ash-derived HA (AHA) and tuna bone-derived HA (THA) ceramics were prepared by cold isostatically pressed and sintered 1200 °C with a dwell time of 1 hour. A human bone cell line MG-63 cells were used to test biocompatibility of AHA and THA ceramics. Cell suspensions in DMEM containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin were seeded onto 24-well plate containing THA and AHA ceramics. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTS assay, and cell morphology was observed by SEM.

유기산 첨가가 참치뼈 스프의 무기질 조성에 미치는 영향

Fish meats are used for various cooking. But their bones are mostly discarded as wastes. The developments of ways for effective utilization of fish bones(tuna) are valuable for the efficient use of calcium sources. Therefore, it was researched to effect of organic acid (such as acetic acid, malic acid, and citric acid) on mineral content and composition of fish bone extracts. The calcium of tuna bone was hardly extracted with water. However, amount of extracted were increased with added organic acids. The solid and mineral contents of soup with added to citric and malic acid had the highest levels. Calcium was extracted with tuna bone, effectively. As for the ratio of calcium and phosphorus, extraction of calcium was less than that of phosphorus without organic acid addition. As the organic acid was added, extraction of calcium was increased and their ratio also increased.

참치 뼈로부터 수산화아파타이트 분말의 제조 및 소결 특성

Hydroxyapatite (HA) was prepared from waste tuna bone, and its sintering property and dissolution behavior were investigated. Tuna bone derived-HA powder consisted of mainly HA and small amount of MgO. Porous HA ceramics with sintered density of 79% was obtained by pressureless sintering at 1200℃. Meanwhile, HA ceramics prepared by hot pressing at 1000℃ showed dense microstructure with sintered density of 95%. Immersion test revealed that both porous and dense HA ceramics were stable in liquid environment without distinct evidence of surface dissolution. It may be assumed that the presence of Mg in tuna bone-derived HA may improve dissolution resistance of HA.

Long-Term Trends in Prehistoric Fishing and Hunting on Tobago, West Indies

AbstractWe compare the bone assemblages of Milford 1 (TOB-3) and Golden Grove (TOB-13) in Tobago, West Indies. Milford 1 is a small preceramic occupation (ca. 3000-2800 cal B.P.), whereas Golden Grove is a large ceramic-period village (ca. 1700-900 cal B.P.). Species richness at TOB-13 is greater than at TOB-3, both in marine (67 vs. 39 fishes) and terrestrial (32 vs. 9) taxa. Major shifts in marine exploitation from the preceramic to ceramic periods can be seen in relative abundance of tuna, toadfishes, and in fishes inhabiting mangrove and brackish water environments, and decreases in relative abundance of parrotfish, carnivorous reef fishes, and sea turtles. The abundance of tuna bones at TOB-13 is uniquely high among West Indian archaeological sites. For terrestrial taxa, the difference in species richness exceeds the expected, including decreased specialization on big game (peccaries) at TOB-13, with a greater tendency to hunt reptiles, birds, and mammals of all sizes at TOB-3. Factors underlying the shifts in fishing and hunting may include different collection methods and food preferences of non-Arawakan (preceramic) vs. Arawakan (ceramic) peoples, as well as human-induced declines in populations of peccaries, sea turtles, and selected fish species. Another possible factor is site setting, with the inhabitants of TOB-13 having enhanced access to mangrove habitats.

Characteristics of phosphorus containing waste-bones

As the waste-bones are considered possible phosphorus source materials for the stabilization of heavy metals in the aqueous and slurry phases, three kinds of waste-bones were collected and characterized. The various calcium phosphates were identified through XPS analysis in the bones of cow, pig and tuna and organic phosphorus in tuna bone only. The fractionation of phosphorus was carried out by CRM BCR-684 protocol, and the inorganic phosphorus, most of all apatite phosphorus, was found out as the major form. The results of the leaching tests showed that the phosphorus in the waste-bones was very liable and easily dissolved into the aqueous phase and thus, the waste-bones could be used as the phosphorus source materials for the stabilization process of heavy metals.

Effects of tuna bone and herbal extract on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats

This study was conducted to examine the effects of herb extract addition on bone metabolism of ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed a diet with tuna bone as a source of calcium. The experimental groups were sham–control (CaCO 3 [CC]), OVX-CC (OVX-control), OVX–CC + herb extract, OVX–tuna bone powder (TB), OVX–tuna bone powder + herb extract, OVX–citrated tuna bone powder (CTB), and OVX–citrated tuna bone powder + herb extract (CTBH). The herb extract included Rehmanniae radix and Angelicae gigantis radix, following the prescribed theories of Oriental herb medicine. In the OVX-CTBH group, the level of fecal (33.6%) and urinary calcium excretion (45.8%) greatly decreased compared with the TB groups. Osteocalcin concentrations were significantly lower in the OVX-CC group and higher in the OVX-CTB group. The deoxypyridinoline value was significantly influenced by ovariectomy. It was elevated in all OVX groups compared with the sham group, and it was reduced by 12.8% in rats supplemented with the herb extract. The bone density value per 100-g body weight was lowest in the TB group, and it was higher in the tuna bone powder + herb extract, CTB, and CTBH groups. We concluded that TB can be a good calcium source, and it was effective in maintaining skeletal metabolism of OVX rats when it was fed in the form of citrated or herb extract–supplemented diets.

참다랑어 골분이 흰쥐의 칼슘대사에 미치는 영향

참다랑어 골분이 흰쥐의 칼슘대사에 미치는 영향