Tumor Markers In Patients Research Articles

Predictive Value of Thyroglobulin Changes for the Curative Effect of Radioiodine Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

BackgroundSerum thyroglobulin (Tg) serves as a sensitive and easily available tumor marker for patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (m-DTC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive value of suppressed Tg changes (Δsup-Tg) and/or stimulated Tg changes (Δsti-Tg) to evaluate the efficacy of radioiodine therapy (RT).MethodsWe studied 117 patients with m-DTC who received RT. Δsup-Tg and Δsti-Tg were compared after the first RT in different therapeutic response groups and a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off values to predict non-remission. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the effects of 17 observed factors on the efficacy of RT.ResultsA total of 218 RT events in 117 patients with m-DTC were analyzed. After the last RT, the remission rate was 70.94% (83/117), and the proportion of remission events accounted for 74.77% (163/218). ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off values for Δsup-Tg and Δsti-Tg after the first RT to predict the non-remission of RT were 21.54% and 27.63%, respectively. Age, the size of the metastasis, the maximum count of target metastatic lesions and the average count of contralateral non-target tissue on tomographic imaging (Tmax/NTmean) of the first RT, and Δsup-Tg after the first RT were identified as independent factors associated with RT efficacy.ConclusionsTg response was valuable to predict RT efficacy for patients with m-DTC. Age, the size of the metastasis, Tmax/NTmean, and Δsup-Tg after the first RT were verified as independent predictive factors of RT efficacy.

Diagnostic Value of Multiple Tumor Markers Combined Detection in the Gastrointestinal Tumors

Objective. To investigate the diagnostic value of multiple tumor markers combined detection in the gastrointestinal tumors. Methods . Thirty patients with gastrointestinal tumors were divided into six grades, and 30 patients with non-gastrointestinal tumors were collected, statistical methods were used to analyze the expression level of tumor markers and the relationship and correlation with clinical curative effect of disease classification, and the discriminant equation of recurrence and metastasis of tumors was used to determine the disease progression. Results. The serum expression levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha fetoprotein, cancer antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 72-4 and cancer antigen 242 of patients with gastrointestinal tumors were significantly higher than that of the healthy controls ( P < 0. 05) ; the correlation of clinical curative effect analysis were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05). According to the discriminant equation, the transfer of all the tumor markers in patients with gastrointestinal tumors diagnosis had the significant difference for the healthy control group ( P < 0. 05). Conclusion . Multiple tumor markers combined detection has the correlation with clinical curative effect of gastrointestinal tumors, and has the diagnostic value in the recurrence and metastasis gastrointestinal tumors.

Effect of Paclitaxel Combined with Nedaplatin on Serum Tumor Markers, MMP-9 and VEGF Levels in Patients with Endometrial Cancer

Objective. To evaluate the effects of paclitaxel combined with nedaplatin on serum tumor markers, MMP-9 and VEGF levels in patients with endometrial cancer. Methods. The clinical data of 104 patients with endometrial cancer diagnosed and treated by the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The root randomized number method was divided into two groups. The control group (50 cases) received conventional cisplatin + doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide (CAP) regimen chemotherapy; the study group (54 patients) received paclitaxel + nedaplatin (TP) chemotherapy Interventions were used to compare the changes of tumor markers before and after chemotherapy, the changes of MMP-9 and VEGF levels and the adverse reactions after chemotherapy. Results After chemotherapy, serum tumor markers, MMP-9 and VEGF levels were significantly decreased in the two groups, but the overall level of chemo- therapy in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group, with statistically differences (P<0.05). The incidence of drug side effects in the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05) . Conclusions Paclitaxel + nedaplatin can significantly reduce the levels of MMP-9, VEGF and tumor markers in patients with endometrial cancer, and can effectively prevent the occurrence of toxic side effects, which is worthy of promotion.

The predictive value of medical big data for the prognosis of elderly patients with pneumonia: based on the result of clinical database of a Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Consortium Chaoyang Emergency Ward

To explore a medical big data algorithm to screen the core indicators in clinical database that can be used to evaluate the prognosis of elderly patients with pneumonia. Based on the clinical database of a Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Consortium Chaoyang Emergency Ward in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, patients with pulmonary infection were selected through the big data retrieval technology. According to the prognosis at the time of discharge, they were divided into death group and survival group. The general data of patients were collected, including gender, age, blood gas and laboratory indices. A computer language called Python was used to make batch calculations of key indicators that affect mortality in elderly patients with pneumonia. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between laboratory indicators and patients' prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to analyze the predictive value of screening method for patients' prognosis. A total of 265 patients were included in the study, 64 died and 201 survived. The data of the first detection indexes of each patient after admission were collected, and 23 key indicators with significant differences were selected from 472 indicators: blood routine indicators (n = 7), blood gas indicators (n = 3), tumor markers indicators (n = 3), coagulation related indicators (n = 4), and nutrition and organ function indicators (n = 6). (1) The key indicators of blood gas in patients died of pneumonia: Cl- was 97-111 mmol/L in 51.6% (33 cases) of patients, lactic acid (Lac) was 0.5-2.5 mmol/L in 81.2% (52 cases) of patients, and H+ was 0-46 mmol/L in 87.5% (56 cases) of patients. (2) The key indicators of blood routine of patients died of pneumonia: hemoglobin count (Hb) of 46.9% (30 cases) patients was 80-109 g/L, the eosinophils proportions (EOS%) in 67.2% (43 cases) patients was 0.000-0.009, the lymphocytes proportions (LYM%) in 51.6% (33 cases) patients was 0.00-0.09, the red blood cell count (RBC) in 50.0% (32 cases) patients was (3.0-3.9)×1012/L, the white blood cell count (WBC) in 54.7% (35 cases) patients was (0.0-9.9)×109/L, and the red blood cell volume distribution width coefficientof variability (RDW-CV) in 48.4% (31 cases) patients was 10.0%-14.9%, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was 0.0-49.9 mg/L in 48.4% (31 cases) patients. (3) The key indicators of tumor markers in patients died of pneumonia: 76.6% (49 cases) of patients had negative free prostate specific antigen/total prostate specific antigen (FPSA/TPSA, the ratio was 0), 92.2% (59 cases) had cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) between 0.0-11.0 μg/L, and 75.0% (48 cases) had carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) between 0-104 kU/L. (4) The key coagulation indexes of patients died of pneumonia: 68.8% (44 cases) of patients had activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of 57-96 s, 73.4% (47 cases) of patients had D-dimer of 0-6 mg/L, 93.8% (60 cases) of patients had thrombin time (TT) of 14-22 s, and 89.1% (57 cases) of patients had adenosine diphosphate (ADP) inhibition rate of 0%-53%. (5) Nutrition and organ function key indicatorsin patients died of pneumonia: 92.2% (59 cases) of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with 0, 46.9% (30 cases) of patients had prealbumin (PA) of 71-140 mg/L, 90.6% (58 cases) of the patients with uric acid (UA) for 21-41 μmol/L, 75.0% (48 cases) of the patients with albumin (Alb) to 10-20 g/L, 93.5% (60 cases) of patients had albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio) of 0-0.9, 84.4% (54 cases) of the patients with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from 0-6.68 μmol/L×s-1×L-1. (6) Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve analysis: Logistic regression analysis showed that PA and Lac were the prognostic factors. PA could reduce the risk of death by 0.9%, Lac could increase the risk of death by 69.4%; the area under ROC curve (AUC) between laboratory indicators and the prediction effect of death prediction model for patients' prognosis was 0.80, which showed that the classification effect was better, and this study model could better predict the prognosis of elderly patients with pneumonia. By using big data technology, 23 core indicators for evaluating the prognosis of elderly patients with pneumonia can be screened from the clinical database of emergency ward, which provides a new perspective and method for clinical evaluation of the prognosis of elderly patients with pneumonia.

Adaptation of chemotherapy to the decline tumor markers in patients with poor prognosis nonseminomatous germ cell tumors:Real-world French experience.

385 Background: Personalized chemotherapy based on tumor marker decline is the new standard in poor prognosis germ-cell tumor in Europe since 2014 (GETUG 13, Lancet, Fizazi et al). The purpose of this study was to analyze the reproducibility of the princeps study in patients not selected in clinical routine between 2014 and 2018. Methods: Patients (pts) were eligible if they had at least one criteria of IGCCCG classification for poor prognosis group. They had to be treated according the study terms of GETUG 13 study and did not received prior treatment. They had to received 1 BEP (Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin). Tumor markers (HCG and AFP) were dosed between day 18 and 21. Then, they received 3 additional BEP if they had favorable tumor marker decline or intensive chemotherapy if they had unfavorable decline. Results: This retrospective study included 104 patients in 14 french centers treated between 2013 and 2018: 22,1 % (n = 23) in the favorable group (Fav), 77,9 % (n = 81) in the unfavorable group (Unfav). Thirty-two pts had PS ≥ 2. In Unfav, there were more pts with HCG &gt; 50 000 UI/L (44,2 % vs 13 %, p = 0,0067), neutrophil-to-lymphocyt ratio was also higher (median 6,4 vs 4,5, p = 0,0199). At cycle 1, all pts received BEP in Fav and 87,5 % (n = 70) in Unfav. After chemotherapy and surgery, 65,2 % in Fav and 41,3 % in Unfav obtained complete response. At 30 months (median follow-up), Fav-OS was 80,5 % (IC95% 55,8 – 92,2) and Unfav-OS was 64,4 % (IC95% 52 – 74,4). At 30 months, rates were 69,6 % (IC95% 46,6 -84,2) and 63.5 % (IC95% 51,9 – 73) respectively. In GETUG 13 study, 3-years OS was 84 % in Fav and 73 % on Unfav; 3-years PFS was 70 % and 59 % respectively. Seven pts died because of toxicity in Unfav (No one in Fav). Neuropathy, anemia and thrombopenia were more frequent in Unfav. Salvage high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell transplant was required in 4 (66,7 %) pts in Fav and 8 (36,4 %) pts in Unfav. Conclusions: This study showed a reproducibility of the princeps study in terms of PFS and OS. Toxicity seemed more important in real world. For the congress, results will be reported with 50 additional pts.

Prognostic impact of serum cytokeratin 19 fragments in patient with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) treated with first-line chemotherapy.

473 Background: Even today, when several immune checkpoint Inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), cytotoxic chemotherapy (CTC) still remains the mainstay for first-line treatment. We believe that the prognostic factors for the first-line CTC have become more important again and need to be re-analyzed. Current guidelines do not yet provide recommendations for any serum tumor markers in patients with mUC. Previous studies have shown that serum cytokeratin 19 fragments levels (sCK) were correlated with depth of tumor invasion and metastatic burden in patients with bladder cancer. In this study we evaluated whether sCK, and other clinical parameters could predict overall survival (OS) in patients with mUC treated with CTC. Methods: Two hundreds fifty two patients with mUC received CTC from December 2006 to 2016 at our institution. sCK had been measured in 128 patients at diagnosis of mUC. OS rate were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curves and log–rank test. Multivariate analysis was carried out using the Cox hazards model. Tumor burden (TB) was measured based on Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumor (version 1.1). Results: Of 128 patients, with median age of 72 (44-93), 36 (28%) had lung metastasis, 11 (9%) had bone metastasis, 10 (8%) had liver metastasis (LM). Ninety five (74%) patients received platinum based chemotherapy as a first-line treatment. During the median follow-up period of 19 (1-89) months, 72 patients (70%) had died. A 1-year (1y) OS was 51% and a 2y-OS was 36%. On univariate analysis, performance status (PS) (HR2.0, p&lt;0.005), sCK (HR3.9, p&lt;0.001), CRP (HR4.0, p&lt;0.001), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (HR1.9, p&lt;0.049), LM (HR2.0, p=0.042) and TB (HR2.4, p&lt;0.001) were the significant prognostic factors for OS. On multivariate analysis, PS (HR2.0, 95%CI (1.05-3.85) p=0.036 ), sCK (HR3.1, 95%CI (1.3-8.3), p=0.011), and LM (HR3.0, 95%CI (1.06-6.98), p=0.022) were the independent prognostic factors for OS. Based on these 3 factors we divided patients into three groups, good risk (G, 0 factor), intermediate risk (I, 1 factor) and poor risk (P, 2-3 factors). There was a significant difference between the three groups. (G vs I: p&lt;0.001, I vs P: p=0.001). Conclusions: PS, sCK, and LM were the independent prognostic factors for OS in patients with mUC receiving CTC. For the patients in good or intermediate risk with this score, early exposure of ICIs should be performed after CTCs. Treatment strategy should be changed in patients with poor risk since CTC is primary refractory in such population.

Study of Fe₃O₄-PPy Core-Shell Nanocomposite in the Diagnosis of Tumor Markers in the Tissues of Early Gastric Cancer Patients.

In order to study Fe₃O₄-Polypyrrole (Fe₃O₄-PPy) core-shell nanocomposite in the diagnosis of tumor markers in the diseased gastric tissues of early cancer patients, a total of 160 cases of patients, who were confirmed as early gastric cancer by gastroscopy or postoperative pathology at a designated hospital of the study from December 2014 to December 2018, were selected as research objects and were divided into two groups of observation and control group with 80 cases in each group. For each patient in the two groups, two pieces of diseased gastric tissue were firstly taken through gastroscopy; then the observation group applied Fe₃O₄-PPy with the particle diameter of 150-350 nm as carrier to detect the contents of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carbohydrate antigen 242 (CA242), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) in the diseased gastric tissue, while the control group directly detected the contents of corresponding tumor markers; after the detections, the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency of each marker in the two groups of patients were calculated, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves with the areas under the curves (AUC) were drawn to analyze the correlation between the level of Fe₃O₄-PPy and the detection efficiency of gastric cancer markers. The results show that the detection sensitivity (82.17%, 80.32%, 79.48%, 84.63%, and 85.66%) and specificity (76.75%, 79.66%, 81.07%, 83.47%, and 85.24%) of CA19-9, AFP, CA242, CEA, and CA72-4 in the tumor tissue of patients in observation group for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer are higherthan the sensitivity (78.66%, 79.25%, 76.18%, 82.11%, and 83.45%) and specificity (74.37%, 76.94%, 77.24%, 81.22%, and 81.59%) of that in control group with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Therefore, it is believed that the Fe₃O₄-PPy is of great significance for the detection of early gastric tumor markers in the tissues of patients with early gastric cancer, and has certain value for the auxiliary diagnosis of early gastric cancer and the observation of therapeutic effects. This study results provide a reference for the further researches of Fe₃O₄-PPy in the diagnosis of tumor markers in patients with early gastric cancer.

Chemotherapy-induced early transient increase and surge of CA 19–9 level in patients with pancreatic Adenocarcinoma✰

This study aimed to characterize chemotherapy-induced transient increase and surge of CA 19–9 level to treatment response in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A retrospective case series was performed of advanced PDAC patients treated with first-line chemotherapy at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center from Jan 2017 to May 2020. CA 19–9 surge was defined as an increase of >20% from baseline followed by a >20% drop in one or more subsequent CA 19–9 levels compared to baseline. Out of 106 advanced PDAC patients, 38 were evaluable for CA 19–9 surge. Fourteen (51.9%) patients treated with FOLFIRINOX and 3 (27.3%) patients treated with nab-P + Gem chemotherapy demonstrated an early transient rise in CA 19–9 level. A CA 19–9 surge was documented in 9 (23.7%) patients, all with duration of surge lasting < 16 weeks. Five out of 9 (55.6%) patients (4: FOLFIRINOX, 1: nab-P + Gem) with CA 19–9 surge demonstrated partial objective response rate on surveillance cross-sectional imaging. One patient (FOLFIRINOX) had stable disease, and 2 patients (1: FOLFIRINOX, 1: nab-P + Gem) were found to have disease progression after treatment interruption. The initial early rise of CA 19–9 levels during chemotherapy in patients with advanced PDAC may not indicate tumor progression. Rather, it may represent a chemotherapy-induced transient increase or surge phenomenon of the tumor marker in patients responding to treatment.

Impact of Preoperative Serum Tumor Markers in Patients with Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Several previous researchers have investigated the prognostic value of serum tumor markers, especially carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Only a limited number of studies reported the usefulness of serum tumor markers for lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQ). We aimed to examine the significance of serum tumor markers for lung SQ. Methods: Eighty-five lung SQ patients who underwent surgery and followed more than 5-year were included. The ratios of 5-year survivors to all patients in groups with several clinicopathologic factors, including tumor markers, were compared. We also compared the clinicopathologic factors between central type and peripheral type SQ. Results: The majority of patients were male gender and current/ former smokers. Age, pN status, cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), and comorbid interstitial pneumonia (IP) were associated with the ratio of 5-year survivors significantly. When patients were compared based on tumor location, high p-stage and CYFRA 21-1 were related to central type SQ. Conclusion: Both SCC and CYFRA 21-1 appeared to be useful prognostic markers for patients with lung SQ. Furthermore, CYFRA 21-1 was related to central type SQ.

Inappropriate requests for tumor markers in patients aged 50 years and older: lessons not learned

OBJECTIVE: To investigate, within a private health insurance, the ordering frequency and the costs related to inappropriate TM test orders. METHODS: This study analyzed data regarding TM requests within a private health insurance between 2010 and 2017. Patients included in this analysis were ≥ 50 years old, had available medical records, and had at least 1 TM tested within the study period. Tests were considered inappropriate when TMs were used in screening for neoplasms, ie, when there was no previous diagnosis. We evaluated data regarding age, sex, the ordering physician’s medical specialty, and test costs. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2017, 1,112 TM tests were performed and increased from 52 to 262 per year. Our sample consisted mostly of women (69.50%) with a mean age of 59.40 (SD, 8.20) years. Most orders were inappropriate (87.80%) and represented 79.40% of all expenses with TM tests. Cardiology professionals were the medical specialty that requested the most TM tests (23.90%), followed by internal medicine specialists (22.70%) and gynecologists (19.20%). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a high percentage of inappropriate test orders in the study period, resulting in elevated costs. Studies of this nature deserve the attention of health care managers, and interventions should be performed in order to reduce the inappropriate use of TM tests in clinical practice.

B-hCG and H-hCG levels in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

Objective: Gestational trophoblastic disease is a term that encompasses a spectrum of disorders all arising from the placenta. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone has an essential role in the diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Measuring beta-hCG (B-hCG) levels is the only standard method of monitoring treatment response in patients on chemotherapy. Serial B-hCG levels are also helpful in defining the suitable approach and the dosage of chemotherapeutic drugs. Unfortunately, this marker may not be helpful in some cases. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the results of the ratio of B-hCG and hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (H-hCG) in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study in 22 patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia who were referred to an oncology clinic of an academic hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Iran from December 2017 to May 2018. Inclusion criteria were plateau level of B-hCG (during 4 weeks) or persistent low level of hCG. After ruling out other etiologies, H-hCG level was measured and the H-hCG/total hCG ratio was evaluated. If the proportion was more than 20%, active gestational trophoblastic neoplasia was diagnosed, and if it was less than 20%, quiescent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia was diagnosed. In patients with active gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, interventional procedures involved a change in the dose intensity or chemotherapy or proposing a surgery. However, only serial follow-up was recommended in patients with quiescent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Then, the patients were followed during the therapy and the condition of patients was followed and recorded. Results: The mean age of patients was 31.36 ± 8.01 years. Hydatidiform mole was the most common diagnosis, accounting for approximately 64% (14) of patients. A total of 81% of patients were undergoing chemotherapy. The interval time between the onset of chemotherapy until plateau or persistent low level of hCG was 11.26 ± 4.03 weeks. The mean B-hCG level was 36.6 mIU/mL and the mean H-hCG/total hCG ratio was 6.24%. This proportion was less than 20% in 82% of patients. Among these patients, 14 patients (77.8%) had spontaneously normalized levels of B-hCG during a 6-month follow-up. Two cases underwent chemotherapy due to increased B-hCG. Other patients are still under follow-up without disease progression. Among 4 patients with a H-hCG/total hCG ratio &gt;20%, hysterectomy was recommended to one patient duo to multiparity and the fact that the tumor was localized in the uterus. In the other patients, an increase in the dose of methotrexate or a change of chemotherapy regimen was performed, which caused a decrease in B-hCG level to normal. All patients are still under follow-up without disease progression. Conclusion: The data in this study suggests the use of H-hCG as a tumor marker in patients with persistent low level of B-hCG, which is useful to distinguish between quiescence gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, which does not need treatment, from active gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. However, further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm and generalize the above findings. Keywords: gestational trophoblastic

Plasma plastin-3: A tumor marker in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with nivolumab.

Plastin-3 (PLS3) is a circulating tumor cell marker associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes. The present study aimed to investigate the usability of plasma PLS3 concentration in assessing the diagnosis, prognosis and sensitivity to treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with nivolumab. A total of 33 patients with recurrent or advanced NSCLC were treated with nivolumab, and 10 healthy volunteers were retrospectively enrolled. Plasma concentrations of PLS3 were determined by ELISA. Plasma PLS3 concentration in patients with NSCLC was significantly higher compared with that in healthy volunteers (median 7.64 ng/ml vs. 3.13 ng/ml, P<0.001). Univariate analysis indicated that PLS3 ≤5.43 ng/ml was a predictor of partial response. Patients with PLS3 >8.55 ng/ml exhibited a poorer prognosis compared with those in the PLS3 ≤8.55 ng/ml group. A high plasma PLS3 concentration was a predictor of poor overall survival. In conclusion, plasma PLS3 concentration was identified as a marker for the diagnosis, treatment sensitivity and prognosis in patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab. Plasma PLS3 may be a clinically useful tumor marker in patients with NSCLC; future prospective studies may confirm these results and explore its use in other cancers.

Evaluation of Serum Tumor Markers Variation, Following The Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Introduction: Radioactive iodine is the effective therapy in thyroid cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the serum tumor markers in patients under the therapy with radioactive iodine 131. Material and Methods: 45 cases of female patients aged 16-60 years with thyroid cancer surgery referred to the nuclear medicine department of Nemazi hospital for (iodine treatment after surgery) were selected. The selection was on the basis of interviewing and information of patients is consent forms. Only patients with thyroid cancer and referred for the first time without any other diseases were chosen for this study. The selected patients were prescribed a dose of 150 m Ci of I-131. From each patient, 4 mL of chelated serum for serological studies on tumor markers and 2 mL of oxalated serum for spectrophotometry studies on cell death were used in three stages. The first stage before the iodine therapy, the second stage, after 48 hours, and the third stage, 30 days after radioiodine therapy were studied and the results were evaluated by the one-way repeated measures ANOVA test. Results: According to the results of dependent paired T-Test, AFP, in the periods before, 48 hours and 1 month after radioiodine therapy, respectively were 3.46 ± 1.21 and 3.74 ± 1.37 and 3.76 ± 1.25 (p &lt;0.0005). About CA 19-9 in the periods before, 48 hours and one month after radioiodine therapy, the results were 9.30 ± 6.32, 9.95 ± 6.92 (p = 0.040) and 11.26 ± 7.49 (p &lt;0.0005) respectively. About CEA, the results were 1.60 ± 0.60, 1.47 ± 0.55 and 2.23 ± 0.69 (p &lt;0.0005), respectively. In the case of tumor marker CA 15-3 results were 15.53 ± 6.48 and 1.60 ± 0.60 and 15.68 ± 6.52 (p = 0.014), respectively and in the case of ALP, results were 124.22 ± 5 and 122.2 ± 6 and 116.7 ± 7 (p &lt;0.0005), respectively. Conclusion: According to the same studies and the acquired results, it can be concluded that the tumor markers CEA and CA19-9 are more acceptable and sustainable for monitoring the malignancy and progressive disease in patients with thyroid cancer. The decreasing ALP is normal and transient. The increase of AFP and CA15-3 is not even statistically reliable. It is recommended that the period of iodine therapy and falsely elevated tumor markers can be informed to the doctor, during the gastrointestinal studies in patients with thyroid cancer, in order to prevent wrong decisions on the treatment process.

Prognostic significance of pre-treatment serum Cyfra21-1 as a tumor marker in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

BackgroundOropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a kind of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, and its incidence is on the rise in recent years. A variety of prognostic markers for OPSCC have been reported in many studies, but they are expensive or difficult to obtain. So, we retrospectively studied the prognostic significance of cytokeratin 19 soluble fragment (Cyfra21-1) in patients with OPSCC, in order to provide theoretical basis for accurate prognosis assessment.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the clinicopathological data of 85 OPSCC patients with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy (CRT) admitted from January 2010 to June 2017. Serum Cyfra21-1 levels were measured before treatment. Analyze the relationship between Cyfra21-1 and clinical pathological characteristics of patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the cut-off value of Cyfra21-1. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to conduct univariate and multivariate analysis of related prognostic factors, and to determine the factors related to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).ResultsThe cutoff value for Cyfra21-1 was 2.93 ng/mL. The baseline data of patients in different Cyfra21-1 groups were balanced and comparable. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, it was found that Cyfra21-1 was associated with OS and PFS. A measurement of Cyfra21-1 ≥2.93 ng/mL indicated poor OS (P<0.001) and PFS (P=0.001). After adjusting for age and disease stage, Cyfra21-1 can independently affect the OS (HR =3.57, 95% CI: 1.60–7.99, P=0.002) and PFS (HR =2.89, 95% CI: 1.41–5.91, P=0.004) of patients with OPSCC treated with CRT.ConclusionsPre-treatment Cyfra21-1 can be used as a prognostic marker for patients with OPSCC treated with CRT, which has important clinical significance.

A retrospective study on the possible systematic inflammatory response markers to predict the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer undergoing radial cystectomy.

Recent studies have shown that several inflammatory markers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), lymphocyte-to-platelet ratio (LPR), De Retis and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), can function as useful prognostic factors in a number of malignancies. The present study aimed to assess the most reliable inflammatory tumor marker in patients with bladder cancer who have undergone radical cystectomy. A total of 161 cases underwent radical cystectomy between 1994 and 2014 at Yokohama City University Medical Center (Yokohama, Japan). Of these patients, the 107 who had data for the NLR, MLR, LPR, De Retis and PNI were enrolled in the present study. The correlation between recurrence-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS) and inflammatory tumor markers were examined. Regarding the RFS, the only noteworthy finding was that a lower PNI was associated with a significantly poorer RFS compared with higher PNI (P=0.028). Regarding the OS, lower LPR and PNI were associated with a significantly poorer OS compared with higher values (P=0.048 and P=0.036, respectively). The present study revealed that a low PNI more accurately predicts a worse RFS and OS compared with other systemic inflammatory risk factors.

Evaluation of Golgi Protein-73 as a Tumor Marker in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background and study aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver tumors. In Egypt, it is the second most common cancer in men, and the sixth most frequent cancer in women. Prognosis of HCC depends on tumor stage, with curative therapies effective only in early stage; thus, new and appropriate HCC markers are highly required. The aim was to evaluate serum diagnostic value Golgi Protein 73 in Egyptian HCC patients. Patients and Methods: This study included 30 HCC patients, 30 cirrhotic patients and 20 healthy controls. For all groups clinical data and imaging results were studied; serum alpha-fetoprotein and Golgi Protein 73 were identified. Evaluation of the tumor characteristics including size, number and location. Okuda, CLIP and Tokyo staging methods used in tumor staging. Results: GP73 was significantly higher in HCC patients compared to cirrhotic patients and controls. Its sensitivity and specificity in HCC diagnosis were 95% and 83.3%, respectively, at cut-off 5.8%. There is a positive correlation between GP73 and Okuda score and ClIP score and no correlations with number and size of the tumor, child's classification, MELD, uMELD and Tokyo stages. Conclusion: GP73 could be a useful diagnostic marker for detection and screening of HCC.

Expression of immune cell markers and tumor markers in patients with cervical cancer

ObjectiveCervical cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and immune function may impact disease progression. Serum markers may also be associated with diagnosis and progression. The aim of...

Clinical Evaluation of Serum Tumor Markers in Patients With Advanced-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Palliative Chemotherapy in China.

Aim: This study aims to analyze the prognostic value of seven tumor makers and also investigate the response of palliative chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients with advanced disease.Methods: Medical records of 278 advanced NSCLC Chinese patients who received six cycles of palliative chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed under ethical approval (JSCH2019K-011). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed using SPSS 24 to find the clinical value of these tumor markers and to identify the factors that were associated with progression-free survival (PFS), as well as the response to palliative chemotherapy.Results: In baseline characteristic, the high levels of CEA, CA-125, CA-199, AFP, NSE, CYFRA21-1, and CA15-3 were detected in 209 (75.18%), 139 (50.0%), 62 (22.30%), 18 (6.47%), 155 (55.75%), 176 (63.30%), and 180 (64.74%) patients, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with high vs. normal levels of all tumor markers had an increased risk of poor prognosis. In the multivariable Cox regression model, the patient with (high vs. normal) CYFRA21-1 levels (HR = 1.454, P = 0.009) demonstrated an increased poor PFS. However, patients with (high vs. normal) CA19-9 levels (HR = 0.524, P < 0.0001) and NSE levels (HR = 0.584, P < 0.0001) presented a decreased risk of PFS. Also, patients receiving 3-drugs regimen had better PFS compared to those on 2-drugs regimen (P = 0.043).Conclusions: The high levels of CYFRA21-1 was correlated with a poor prognostic factor of PFS for Advanced NSCLC patients. However, the high levels of CA19-9 and NSE were associated with a better prognostic factor of PFS. Additionally, smoking habits and tumor status had a poor prognostic factor of PFS. Moreover, we found that antiangiogenic therapy has high efficacy with first-line chemotherapy and longer PFS of NSCLC patients.

Serum von Willebrand factor for early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUNDThe elevation of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) has been proposed to be a predictor of lung cancer. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes endothelial activation, resulting in the secretion of vWF. However, the role of vWF in patients with T2DM complicated with lung cancer remains unclear.AIMTo investigate the clinical value of serum vWF as a tumor marker in patients with T2DM combined with lung adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS).METHODSThis study enrolled 43 patients with T2DM combined with lung AIS (T2DM + AIS group), 43 patients with T2DM alone (T2DM group), 43 patients with lung AIS alone (AIS group), and 43 healthy volunteers (control group). The serum levels of vWF, insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 were determined. Multiple linear stepwise regression was performed to determine the correlations among variables.RESULTSSerum concentration of vWF in the T2DM + AIS group was significantly higher than those in the T2DM, AIS, and control groups (P < 0.05). Serum vWF levels in the T2DM and AIS groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum vWF level between the T2DM and AIS groups. In the T2DM + AIS group, serum vWF was independently associated and positively correlated with serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSerum vWF level may represent a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of lung AIS.

Evaluation of CEA,CA19-9, and CA242 Tumor Markers in Patients with Colorectal Cancer by ELISA Technique

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common malignant tumors of gastrointestinal tract (GIT). A total of 40 patients with CRC were studied preoperatively and postoperatively while only 20 healthy persons were studied. Their ages ranged between 18-78 years.This study was carried out to investigate the possible association of some risk factors with CRC such as (age, gender, smoking, inflammatory bowel disease, and ulcerative colitis). With application of ELISA technique, Serum levels of CEA, CA 19-9, and CA 242 was measured preoperatively and postoperatively. The results showed an increase in preoperative serum level of CEA in CRC patients when compared to both postoperative and control groups, There was a significant increase in the serum level of CEA (10.73 ± 4.01) comparison with the two other groups (postoperative 3.95 ± 1.55) and control (1.91 ± 0.27) at (P&lt;0.05), but no significant differences between the two groups (postoperative and healthy) which have mean (3.95 ± 1.55 and 1.91 ± 0.27) respectively. Also showed a significant increase in serum level of CA19-9 in patients preoperative (23.28 ± 1.86), who were differed significantly from the mean of serum in patients postoperative (18.63 ± 1.40) and control group (19.11 ± 1.46) at (P&lt;0.05), When compared the serum level of CA242 revealed a significant increase in serum level of patients preoperative (19.58 ± 3.46) as compared to postoperative(8.75 ± 1.77) and control group(9.85 ± 2.22) at (P&lt;0.05).