Tulip Research Articles

Comparative Study on the Effect of Insect Infestation by Aphid and Thrips on some Morphological Characteristics of Tulip Flowers under Glasshouse Conditions

Experiments were carried out to study the comparison between the effects of insect infestation by the aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Homoptera : Aphididae) and thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind.(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on some morphological characteristics of tulip (Tulipa sp. Fam. Liliaceae) flowers under glasshouse conditions at two locations (governorates) Cairo Governorate and Giza Governorate throughout 2017-2018 seasons. Morphological characteristics which studied were: color of the flower, number of the petals per flower, the flower diameter, the weight of the flower, the stem length, vase life and annual production. Results showed that the infestation by aphid and thrips affected all morphological characteristics except the color of the flowers. And the effect of infestation by aphid was more than the effect of infestation by thrips, this is compared to control (tulip flowers which did not infest by the two studied insects). Also, the present study showed that the effect of aphid and thrips infestation concentration on the vascular bundles of the flowers petals, and with the increase in the infestation by the two insects the damage in the vascular bundles increases

Effect of citric acid concentrations, storage time and temperature, and steaming on antioxidant activities of Siam tulip (Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep) flower

Effect of citric acid concentrations, storage time and temperature, and steaming on antioxidant activities of Siam tulip (<i>Curcuma alismatifolia</i> Gagnep) flower

8. オーキシンによるチューリップ花茎の伸長促進 : 花茎節間における物質分配に対するオーキシンの影響

8. オーキシンによるチューリップ花茎の伸長促進 : 花茎節間における物質分配に対するオーキシンの影響

Bitcoin: Investment or Illusion?

The case describes a hypothetical hedge fund manager who is examining whether to invest in bitcoin. The case discusses potential risks and rewards of investing in bitcoin, the role of bitcoin and digital currencies more broadly, and financial innovation in the space, such as ICOs. It can be taught as part of a second-year MBA elective course in investments, financial institutions/capital markets, or fintech. Excerpt UVA-F-1819 Rev. Jan. 29, 2018 Bitcoin: Investment or Illusion? Stay away from bitcoin. It is a mirage. —Warren Buffett It is a fraud. It is worse than tulip bulbs. —Jamie Dimon Bitcoin offers a sweeping vista of opportunity. —Marc Andreessen . . .

Role of Tulipa gesneriana TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TgTB1) in the control of axillary bud outgrowth in bulbs

Key messageTulip vegetative reproduction.Tulips reproduce asexually by the outgrowth of their axillary meristems located in the axil of each bulb scale. The number of axillary meristems in one bulb is low, and not all of them grow out during the yearly growth cycle of the bulb. Since the degree of axillary bud outgrowth in tulip determines the success of their vegetative propagation, this study aimed at understanding the mechanism controlling the differential axillary bud activity. We used a combined physiological and “bottom-up” molecular approach to shed light on this process and found that first two inner located buds do not seem to experience dormancy during the growth cycle, while mid-located buds enter dormancy by the end of the growing season. Dormancy was assessed by weight increase and TgTB1 expression levels, a conserved TCP transcription factor and well-known master integrator of environmental and endogenous signals influencing axillary meristem outgrowth in plants. We showed that TgTB1 expression in tulip bulbs can be modulated by sucrose, cytokinin and strigolactone, just as it has been reported for other species. However, the limited growth of mid-located buds, even when their TgTB1 expression is downregulated, points at other factors, probably physical, inhibiting their growth. We conclude that the time of axillary bud initiation determines the degree of dormancy and the sink strength of the bud. Thus, development, apical dominance, sink strength, hormonal cross-talk, expression of TgTB1 and other possibly physical but unidentified players, all converge to determine the growth capacity of tulip axillary buds.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Iranian tulips revealed by EST-SSR and NBS-LRR Markers

The genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) comprises about 100 species and Iran is considered as one of the main origins of tulips. In this research, genetic diversity and population structure of 27 wild populations of tulips collected from Iran were studied by 15 highly polymorphic and reproducible expressed sequenced tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers and 8 nucleotide binding site (NBS)-enzyme combinations. According to EST-SSR genotyping, the average of gene diversity (GD) and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.66 and 0.62, respectively. However, the values of GD and PIC were equal for each NBS primer–enzyme combination which ranged between 0.85-0.95 with a mean value of 0.91. The mean value of resolving power (EST-SSR = 1.93; NBS-LRR = 17.39) indicated that the NBS markers had higher discriminatory power compared to the EST-SSR markers. UPGMA clustering confirmed the results of PCA which was further confirmed by Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis. Population structure analysis detected 3 and 4 gene pools for 27 wild tulip germplasms with EST-SSR genotyping and NBS-LRR profiling, respectively. The AMOVA results indicated that molecular variation among populations (ΦPT = inter-population variation) was 82% and 93% of the total variation for EST-SSR and NBS-LRR markers, respectively. The results of this study will help the conservation and phylogenetic studies of tulips.

Famine food of vegetal origin consumed in the Netherlands during World War II

BackgroundPeriods of extreme food shortages during war force people to eat food that they normally do not consider edible. The last time that countries in Western Europe experienced severe scarcities was during World War II. The so-called Dutch famine or Hunger Winter (1944–1945) made at least 25,000 victims. The Dutch government took action by opening soup kitchens and providing information on wild plants and other famine food sources in “wartime cookbooks.” The Dutch wartime diet has never been examined from an ethnobotanical perspective.MethodsWe interviewed 78 elderly Dutch citizens to verify what they remembered of the consumption of vegetal and fungal famine food during World War II by them and their close surroundings. We asked whether they experienced any adverse effects from consuming famine food plants and how they knew they were edible. We identified plant species mentioned during interviews by their local Dutch names and illustrated field guides and floras. We hypothesized that people living in rural areas consumed more wild species than urban people. A Welch t test was performed to verify whether the number of wild and cultivated species differed between urban and rural citizens.ResultsA total number of 38 emergency food species (14 cultivated and 21 wild plants, three wild fungi) were mentioned during interviews. Sugar beets, tulip bulbs, and potato peels were most frequently consumed. Regularly eaten wild species were common nettle, blackberry, and beechnuts. Almost one third of our interviewees explicitly described to have experienced extreme hunger during the war. People from rural areas listed significantly more wild species than urban people. The number of cultivated species consumed by both groups was similar. Negative effects were limited to sore throats and stomachache from the consumption of sugar beets and tulip bulbs. Knowledge on the edibility of famine food was obtained largely by oral transmission; few people remembered the written recipes in wartime cookbooks.ConclusionThis research shows that 71 years after the Second World War, knowledge on famine food species, once crucial for people’s survival, is still present in the Dutch society. The information on famine food sources supplied by several institutions was not distributed widely. For the necessary revival of famine food knowledge during the 1940s, people needed to consult a small group of elders. Presumed toxicity was a major reason given by our participants to explain why they did not collect wild plants or mushrooms during the war.

Morphology and responses of Tulipa gesneriana L. to light quality in combination with GA and cold storage time

Tulips are one of the important bulbous flowers and valuable as cut flowers. Hence, the present experiment was conducted in order to study effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA), light sources, and cold storage time on tulip flowers. The results of the present study revealed that day to sprouting and flowering of tulip decreased by T1×G2B, and T1×G2B and T2×G2B conditions, respectively. Plant height as well as the first internode length was also increased at T1×CD and T2×CD conditions. Furthermore, all light treatments, except of the dark conditions, enhanced the amount of anthocyanin and chlorophyll content of tulips plants. Similarly, the same trend recorded for dry weight of leaf and bulb of tulip. In conclusion, application of different light qualities in combination with GA and cold storage treatments resulted in an improvement in the growth parameters as well as the morphological and the flowering characteristics of tulip.

Contact dermatitis caused by tulips: identification of contact sensitizers in tulip workers of Kashmir Valley in North India.

Tulip, belonging to the genus Tulipa and family Liliaceae, is a spring-blooming perennial that grows from bulbs. Owing to manual handling, contact dermatitis can occur in professionals at any stage of the growth cycle of the tulip plant. To determine the clinical pattern of contact dermatitis resulting from tulip plant cultivation, and to assess contact allergy in workers coming into contact with this plant. One hundred and sixty-four tulip workers were screened, and 48 patients with suspected contact dermatitis were patch tested with 39 allergens, including haptens from the Indian baseline series, a plant series, and extracts from different parts of the tulip plant. Thirty-nine positive patch test reactions were observed in 21 patients. Seventeen patients showed positive reactions to either α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone or to tulip plant extract. Clinical relevance was observed for 13 of 17 positive patch test reactions. Contact dermatitis is an important health hazard in workers dealing with tulip bulbs. Further studies to identify and isolate other possible tulip allergens, and to quantify the amounts of allergens in different parts of the tulip plant, are recommended.

12 植物貯蔵多糖類の微細構造と機能 : II.チューリップ鱗茎における貯蔵多糖類の消長と構造変化

12 植物貯蔵多糖類の微細構造と機能 : II.チューリップ鱗茎における貯蔵多糖類の消長と構造変化

Explaining the timing of tulipmania's boom and bust: historical context, sequestered capital and market signals

Framing tulipmania in terms of sequestered capital – capital whose quantities, usages and future yields are hidden from market participants – offers a richer and more straightforward explanation for this famous financial bubble than extant alternatives. Simply put, the underground planting of the tulip bulbs in 1636 blindfolded seventeenth-century Dutch speculators regarding the planted quantities and their development and future yields. The price boom began in mid November 1636, coinciding with the time of planting. The price collapse occurred in the first week of February 1637, coinciding with the time of bulb sprouting – signaling bulb quantities, development and future yields. Also consistent with our explanation is the initial price collapse location, in the Dutch city of Haarlem, where temperature and geography favored early sprouting and sprout visibility.

5. Significance of Low Temperature Requirement on Dormancy Breaking for Tulip Bulbs as Estimated by ^1H-NMR(Seminar : Recent Developments in Cryobiology and Cryotechnology of Biological and Food Systems)

5. Significance of Low Temperature Requirement on Dormancy Breaking for Tulip Bulbs as Estimated by ^1H-NMR(Seminar : Recent Developments in Cryobiology and Cryotechnology of Biological and Food Systems)

Modified atmosphere packaging as a method to extend postharvest life of tulip flowers

ABSTRACTTulip is one of the most important cut flowers in the world market and abscission of the tepals is this species’ most common symptom during vase life. To prevent these symptoms and extend postharvest life, passive and active modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) was applied at 0°C. Respiratory rate (CO2 Kg−1h−1), ethylene production (µL kg−1h−1) and concentration of CO2 and O2 (%) inside the packaging were evaluated during storage, while fresh weight loss (FWL) (%) and vase life (days) were assessed. Flowers stored using MAP performed significantly better than conventional packaging. A lower FWL (only up to 0.3%) was observed on MAP while FWL was as high as 18 to 21% for conventional packaging after 20 and 31 days, respectively. Vase life was 5.7 and 6.0 days for active and passive MAP, respectively compared to 3.3 days for conventional packing. Thus, MAP successfully extended postharvest life of tulip flowers.

イネ,チューリップ,ダイズ,野菜苗の生産と販売による複合経営(農業ここにあり!-地域の活性化と自立への道-)

イネ,チューリップ,ダイズ,野菜苗の生産と販売による複合経営(農業ここにあり!-地域の活性化と自立への道-)

Betting on the Bulbs: Tulipmania as a Historical Case of Sequestered Capital

Explanations of the timing of booms and busts have heretofore been either non-existent or ad hoc; consideration of sequestered capital promises to improve matters. Sequestered capital is capital that investors place into activities (such as research and/or development) that are unobservable by others. Tulipmania, a famous puzzle, illustrates that the timing of booms and busts can hinge upon sequestered capital. The 1636 sequestration — that is, planting — of tulip bulbs in the Netherlands in mid-November corresponds to the beginning of the boom in promissory note prices; after planting, neither bulb-arbitrage nor observation of bulb-development were possible. Similarly, the timing of the bust corresponds closely to the time that tulip bulbs would have sprouted and become a signal to investors. The case of tulipmania suggests the potential fruitfulness of investigating the role that sequestered capital played in other historical cases of boom-to-bust.

Light Signaling Regulates Tulip Organ Growth and Ethylene Production in a Tissue-Specific Manner

Premise of research. Plants growing under physical or leaf canopy shade often exhibit increases in shoot growth that allow for additional exposure to irradiance from sunlight. These shaded plants also usually exhibit an accelerated flowering, though the effect of shade light on growth of flower organs has not been well studied. These growth changes in shoot organs induced by shade light signaling are regulated in a negative manner by ethylene in a number of plant species; that is, shading reduces shoot ethylene production, thereby increasing shoot growth.Methodology. Tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L., Liliaceae) plants were selected as a model system, one where floral organ development occurs in the bulb before exposure to shade light. This allows any effects of shade light signaling on floral organ growth to be uncoupled from effects on development. Therefore, following a period of low temperature, tulip bulbs were exposed to simulated sunlight with and without physical or canopy shade.Pivotal results. Both a ...

MOTIVES BEHIND THE USE OF DERIVATIVES: HEDGING OR SPECULATION?

Introduction The history of Financial derivatives can be traced back to 600 B.C. (Jungel1), when options on Olive Oil presses were first introduced. This was later followed by options on Tulips in Holland in 1630s, where the first market crash took place in 1637. Then in 1650 standardized futures on rice were traded in Japan. In 1728, options of Royal West Indian Company came up. 1848 saw the opening of Chicago Board of Trade with the Chicago Stock Options Exchange opening up in 1973 as the first proper market for trading of derivatives.

Dyslipidaemia: Promising results for TA-8995 in TULIP.

Dyslipidaemia: Promising results for TA-8995 in TULIP.

Genetic mapping of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae in tulip.

Fusarium oxysporum is a major problem in the production of tulip bulbs. Breeding for resistant cultivars through a conventional approach is a slow process due to the long life cycle of tulip. Until now, marker-assisted selection (MAS) has been hampered by the large genome size and the absence of a genetic map. This study is aimed at construction of the first genetic map for tulip and at the identification of loci associated with resistance to F. oxysporum. A cross-pollinated population of 125 individuals segregating for Fusarium resistance was obtained from Tulipa gesneriana “Kees Nelis” and T. fosteriana “Cantata.” Fusarium resistance of the mapping population was evaluated through a soil infection test in two consecutive years, and a spot inoculation test in which a green fluorescent protein tagged Fusarium strain was used for inoculation. The genetic maps have been constructed for the parents separately. The genetic map of “Kees Nelis” comprised 342 markers on 27 linkage groups covering 1707 cM, while the map of “Cantata” comprised 300 markers on 21 linkage groups covering 1201 cM. Median distance between markers was 3.9 cM for “Kees Nelis” and 3.1 cM for “Cantata.” Six putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Fusarium resistance were identified, derived from both parents. QTL2, QTL3, and QTL6 were significant in all disease tests. For the flanking markers of the QTLs, phenotypic means of the two allelic groups, segregating from a parent for such a marker, were significantly different. These markers will be useful for the development of MAS in tulip breeding.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11032-015-0316-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Pre-planting exogenous application of gibberellic acid influences sprouting, vegetative growth, flowering, and subsequent bulb characteristics of ‘Ad-Rem’ tulip

Tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) is a fascinating bulbous cut flower, and also used for potting, bedding, and border purpose. However, under the sub-tropical climatic conditions, quality tulip flower production is severely affected by its non-uniform bulb sprouting, lack or erratic flowering, small flower stalk, and short vase life. Hence, this study was performed to evaluate the potential of gibberellic acid (GA3) on sprouting, vegetative growth, flowering, flower quality, and vase life, including different bulb characteristics of ‘Ad-Rem’ tulip. Tulip bulbs were dipped in aqueous solution of different GA3 concentrations (0, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 mg L-1) for 30 min with Tween-20 (0.01%) as a surfactant. Tulip bulbs treated with 100 mg·L-1 GA3 sprouted in significantly less number of days, exhibited higher sprouting percentage, more plant height, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll, photosynthesis rate, flower stalk length, stalk diameter, and fresh and dry flower stalk weight. Moreover, 100 mg·L-1 GA3 application also decreased overall flower emergence time, increased flower size, produced attractive, glowing, and sturdy flowers with increased quality, and extended the vase life of ‘Ad-Rem’ tulip flowers up to 2.9-folds. However, 150 mg·L-1 GA3 application exhibited better results regarding daughter bulblets per clump with a subsequent increase in bulb diameter, and weight compared to other treatments. Additionally, significant correlation was also found among different growth, flower, and bulb characteristics of GA3-treated tulip plants. Hence, 100-150 mg·L-1 pre-planting exogenous application of GA3 may be effective for quality tulip production under the sub-tropical climatic conditions.