Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is a major problem in the production of tulip bulbs. Breeding for resistant cultivars through a conventional approach is a slow process due to the long life cycle of tulip. Until now, marker-assisted selection (MAS) has been hampered by the large genome size and the absence of a genetic map. This study is aimed at construction of the first genetic map for tulip and at the identification of loci associated with resistance to F. oxysporum. A cross-pollinated population of 125 individuals segregating for Fusarium resistance was obtained from Tulipa gesneriana “Kees Nelis” and T. fosteriana “Cantata.” Fusarium resistance of the mapping population was evaluated through a soil infection test in two consecutive years, and a spot inoculation test in which a green fluorescent protein tagged Fusarium strain was used for inoculation. The genetic maps have been constructed for the parents separately. The genetic map of “Kees Nelis” comprised 342 markers on 27 linkage groups covering 1707 cM, while the map of “Cantata” comprised 300 markers on 21 linkage groups covering 1201 cM. Median distance between markers was 3.9 cM for “Kees Nelis” and 3.1 cM for “Cantata.” Six putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Fusarium resistance were identified, derived from both parents. QTL2, QTL3, and QTL6 were significant in all disease tests. For the flanking markers of the QTLs, phenotypic means of the two allelic groups, segregating from a parent for such a marker, were significantly different. These markers will be useful for the development of MAS in tulip breeding.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11032-015-0316-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Tulip, belonging to the genus Tulipa L. in the family Liliaceae, is one of the most important ornamental crops in the world
The aims of this study were (1) to construct the first genetic linkage maps for tulip, using a combined set of single nucleotide polymorphism, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), nucleotide-binding site (NBS), and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers; (2) to evaluate Fusarium resistance tests for this mapping population by a fast visual scoring approach and by a Green fluorescent protein (GFP) imaging approach; and 3) to perform QTL analysis and identify putative QTLs which can be further used for promoting marker-assisted breeding of tulip
A mapping population consisting of 125 F1 progeny was derived from a cross between Tulipa gesneriana L. ‘‘Kees Nelis’’ 9 T. fosteriana L. ‘‘Cantata.’’ The parents ‘‘Kees Nelis’’ (KN) and ‘‘Cantata’’ (CA) were cultivars introduced in 1951 and 1941, and differ in their level of Fusarium resistance. ‘‘Kees Nelis’’ is more resistant to F. oxysporum, while ‘‘Cantata’’ is more susceptible
Summary
Tulip, belonging to the genus Tulipa L. in the family Liliaceae, is one of the most important ornamental crops in the world. Tulipae causes the most serious fungal disease in tulips called ‘‘Bulb rot’’ or ‘‘Basal rot.’’ The disease is widespread and occurs primarily during storage. Fusarium produces dark brown spots on the top or side of tulip bulbs and further causes bulb base or root rot. In addition to the direct symptoms caused by Fusarium, the fungus produces large quantities of ethylene (Gerardo et al 2007). It has been suggested that ethylene represses the defense ability of the host plant since it prevents the synthesis of antifungal compounds such as tulipaline (Miller et al 2004). Compared to other tested formae speciales, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tulipae ethylene production is at least 2000 times higher (Kamerbeek 1975)
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