Tulip Research Articles

The Old Woman, the Tulip, and the Dog by Alicia Ostriker (review)

The Old Woman, the Tulip, and the Dog by Alicia Ostriker (review)

Reassessment of diversity and analysis of distribution in Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Uzbekistan

The diversity and distribution of the genus Tulipa in Uzbekistan are discussed; 34 taxa of Tulipa are recognized in Uzbekistan. The taxa were mapped using GIS software and their distributions were analyzed. Six species are endemic to the country. A national check‐list of Tulipa was created based on the classification developed by Zonneveld (2009). ‘Hot spot’ areas of tulip diversity in Uzbekistan are western Tien‐Shan (18 taxa), the western Pamir–Alay mountains (18 taxa) and the Turan lowland (5 taxa). An assessment of rare tulip species according to IUCN red list categories and criteria was performed for the first time for Uzbekistan. Evaluation of the latest classification of Tulipa clearly shows that further studies are required to arrive at a natural classification of the genus.

Effect of olive mill wastewater on growth and bulb production of tulip plants infected by bulb diseases

The effect of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on growth of tulip plants infected by common diseases as well as on their new bulbs production is analyzed in this work. Filtered and sterilized OMW was tested as growth inhibitor of Botrytis tulipae, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp. mycelium. The effect of filtered OMW on uninfected tulip bulbs was also tested as well as on the growth of bulbs infected with the fungus B. tulipae and A. niger in vivo. The mycelium length, severity of scab-like lesions, plant height (PH), fresh mass (FM) and dry mass (DM) of plants and production of new bulbs were recorded. Only the filtered OMW inhibited the in vitro mycelium growth of all tested fungi. However filtered OMW caused infections when it sprayed on uninfected bulbs, malformations on 30% of the plants grown from these bulbs and decrease PH, FM and DM as well as new bulbs production at 75%, 72.4%, 79.1% and 50% respectively. The treatment of B. tulipae infected bulbs with filtered OMW reduced further the PH, FM, DM and the production of new bulbs in 92.1%, 81.4%, 78.7% and 97% respectively. In contrast the treatment of infected bulbs by B. tulipae + A. niger with filtered OMW did not affect PH, FM and the number of new bulbs produced and significantly improved plants DM and the mass of new bulbs.

Neoseiulus paspalivorus, a predator from coconut, as a candidate for controlling dry bulb mites infesting stored tulip bulbs

The dry bulb mite, Aceria tulipae, is the most important pest of stored tulip bulbs in The Netherlands. This tiny, eriophyoid mite hides in the narrow space between scales in the interior of the bulb. To achieve biological control of this hidden pest, candidate predators small enough to move in between the bulb scales are required. Earlier experiments have shown this potential for the phytoseiid mite, Neoseiulus cucumeris, but only after the bulbs were exposed to ethylene, a plant hormone that causes a slight increase in the distance between tulip bulb scales, just sufficient to allow this predator to reach the interior part of the bulb. Applying ethylene, however, is not an option in practice because it causes malformation of tulip flowers. In fact, to prevent this cosmetic damage, bulb growers ventilate rooms where tulip bulbs are stored, thereby removing ethylene produced by the bulbs (e.g. in response to mite or fungus infestation). Recently, studies on the role of predatory mites in controlling another eriophyoid mite on coconuts led to the discovery of an exceptionally small phytoseiid mite, Neoseiulus paspalivorus. This predator is able to move under the perianth of coconuts where coconut mites feed on meristematic tissue of the fruit. This discovery prompted us to test N. paspalivorus for its ability to control A. tulipae on tulip bulbs under storage conditions (ventilated rooms with bulbs in open boxes; 23°C; storage period June-October). Using destructive sampling we monitored predator and prey populations in two series of replicated experiments, one at a high initial level of dry bulb mite infestation, late in the storage period, and another at a low initial dry bulb mite infestation, halfway the storage period. The first and the second series involved treatment with N. paspalivorus and a control experiment, but the second series had an additional treatment in which the predator N. cucumeris was released. Taking the two series of experiments together we found that N. paspalivorus controlled the populations of dry bulb mites both on the outer scale of the bulbs as well as in the interior part of the bulbs, whereas N. cucumeris significantly reduced the population of dry bulb mites on the outer scale, but not in the interior part of the bulb. Moreover, N. paspalivorus was found predominantly inside the bulb, whereas N. cucumeris was only found on the outer scale, thereby confirming our hypothesis that the small size of N. paspalivorus facilitates access to the interior of the bulbs. We argue that N. paspalivorus is a promising candidate for the biological control of dry bulb mites on tulip bulbs under storage conditions in the Netherlands.

Kickstarter My Heart: Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowdfunding Constraints and Bitcoin Bubbles

This manuscript builds on my existing research program that (a) broadly seeks to analyze laws, regulations, instruments, and policy levers that inhibit a market’s ability to recognize an asset’s intrinsic value, whether in terms of financial, social, or human capital, and (b) explores and advances interdisciplinary corporate governance theories by employing a heterodox economic analytic to derive its proposal to the paradox of an unregulated virtual currency market (Bitcoins) and an overly regulated crowdfunding market (Kickstarter). The manuscript functions not only as an homage to Charles MacKay’s legendary 1841 book, Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, which described the human, social, and economic psychology of financial bubbles — particularly the Dutch tulip bulb bubble — but also as an offering of problems and proposals that crowdfunded and Kickstarted entrepreneurial businesses, including those funded by Bitcoin currencies, present for a wide swath of societal stakeholders. To describe the problem, this manuscript (i) describes behavioral finance, (ii) details the new entrepreneurial business possibilities that virtual currencies and crowdfunded entities can explore, (iii) describes how current rules and regulations represent unnecessary constraints to traditional equity-based funding models and concerning governance models of entrepreneurial enterprises, and (iv) questions why one form of capital deployment (currencies) may provide equity-like returns and unique governance, while the other form of investing (crowdfunding), provides only soft-dollar-like returns and no governance for middle-class investors. While both virtual currencies and crowdfunding represent risks, including economic bubble risk, this Article believes that a heterodox economic analysis demonstrates unnecessary constraints on entrepreneurial businesses imposed by extant regulation, regulators, and law and policymakers. To assuage these paradoxic problems for emerging business enterprises, this Article proposes a minarchist heterodox solution of modest statutory language that requires market-based solutions that employ needed risk reduction strategies while redeploying necessary capital to private startup business enterprises. This proposal thus benefits the middle class entrepreneurs, suppliers of capital, and job seekers harmed by the current regulatory regime, while permitting for an expansion of the U.S. and global economies.

USING CFD TO OPTIMIZE THE DESIGN OF ONE LAYER STORAGE SYSTEM FOR TULIP BULBS

Tulip bulbs to plant the next season are stored in boxes which are ventilated to a level of 500 or 300 m3 per m3 bulbs per hour to avoid high ethylene concentration between the bulbs. The boxes are positioned in an arrangement of 5-6 rows with 8-10 boxes per row, each one on a pallet (one layer system), with an adjusted large box containing a ventilator. In this study a commercial CFD code was used to investigate the distribution of airflow between the boxes and the potential energy saving by applying simple solutions, concerning the design of the air inlet area. Two different design variations of the one layer system were simulated and two sizes of tulip bulbs were considered. The results show that the average energy consumption for different configurations was 1.00 kW and 0.79 kW for the first and the second design respectively, regarding both tulip bulbs sizes. With smaller tulip bulbs energy consumption is 19.4% higher for Design-1 and 26.0% for Design-2. The best variations of both designs can achieve a minimum airflow per box of 79% of the nominal one, which is 300 m3/h per m3 of tulip bulbs. The Design-2 has proven to be more energy efficient since it needs -22% less energy to achieve the same minimum airflow.

CONTROLLING TULIP STEM NEMATODES IN TULIP BULBS BY A HOT WATER TREATMENT

A hot water treatment (HWT) protocol is needed to control tulip stem nematode (TSN) in tulip bulbs. A HWT above approximately 45°C in tulips is assumed to be harmful to the bulbs. Experience with HWT to destroy stem nematodes in daffodils shows that the required temperature for this is 4 hours at 47°C. The primary goal of this research was to determine the temperature tolerance of tulip bulbs, preferably in the range of 4 hours at 47°C. This was done by testing a number of combinations of pre-treatment temperature (PTT), HWT temperature and HWT duration. Bulbs that had been subjected to these treatments were planted in the field and the loss of bulbs and reduction in yield were monitored. A second goal of this research was to determine the combination of HWT duration and temperature at which TSN was totally eradicated. Trials were done with diseased (TSN) bulbs. The number of surviving nematodes were determined by using a 'fog chamber' technique. Two years of trials showed that tulip bulbs require high PTT's in order to survive HWT at higher temperatures. For example a HWT of 4 hours at 47°C preceded by pre-treatment of 1 week at 27, 30 or 33°C resulted in an average yield of 39, 64 and 92% (compared to the control treatment) respectively. The higher the PTT, the better the bulbs could tolerate the HWT. In the diseased bulbs we found total eradication of TSN at 4 hours 47°C, after a pre-treatment of 1 week at 30°C. Tulip bulbs were surprisingly tolerant of HWT at temperatures of 46 and 47°C, provided that bulbs receive a pre-treatment and HWT straight after lifting. Pre-treatment at 33°C gave the best result until now.

TULIPOSIDES AND TULIPALINS IN TULIP GUM

Gummosis in tulip bulbs is one of the negative effects of ethylene gas that is produced during storage by Fusarium-infected bulbs on the healthy bulbs. Several aspects of the gummosis process, like the factors inducing it, the underlying carbohydrate metabolism and the composition of the gum have been described in detail in a review by Saniewski et al. (2007). The composition of tulip gum has mostly been studied in terms of large macromolecules. The gum polysaccharides have been analyzed to determine sugar composition and molecular mass. Up to now relatively little was known about the gum in terms of small (low molecular weight) metabolite content. Gummosis was induced in tulip bulbs of the cultivar ‘Apeldoorn’ by exposing the bulbs to air containing 30 ppm ethylene for 24, 48 or 72 h. Gum was collected after 3 to 4 days. A maximum amount of approximately 5 g per 100 g bulbs was obtained. Extracts of the gum were analyzed by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) and were found to contain tuliposides, in concentrations up to around 25% (DW). Tuliposides are glycosides consisting of glucose with one or more a-methylene-?-butyrolactone side chains. The side chains, when separated from the glucose, form ring structures known as tulipalins. Six different tuliposides and two tulipalins have been reported in various parts of the tulip plant. However, this is the first time they are reported in the gum from tulip bulbs. Isolated tulipalins and tuliposides have previously been tested for various bioactivities, and have been reported to possess antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal properties. The presence of these bioactive molecules in tulip gum may suggest a protective role for this physiological response

SENSITIVITY OF TULIP CULTIVARS TO EXOGENOUS ETHYLENE

Since Fusarium fungus produces ethylene when infecting tulip bulbs, and tulip bulbs are sensitive to ethylene throughout the summer and fall storage periods, ethylene is of special concern for the tulip industry. It is less commonly appreciated that tulip cultivars can vary a great deal in the quantity of ethylene produced during Fusarium infection (Miller et al., 2005). In addition to variation in ethylene production from Fusarium infection, tulip cultivars also vary in sensitivity to ethylene. Over several years, we have exposed bulbs of 91 tulip cultivars to 10 µl L-1 ethylene in flowing air streams at 20°C, typically in October-November followed by a 4 week ethylene-free period at 17°C. Results indicate large cultivar differences in flower abortion when bulbs are forced the following spring. The picture is emerging that ca. 35-50% of tulip cultivars are substantially resistant to 10 µl L-1 ethylene when given to bulbs in the October-November time period, based on consistency of resistance (i.e., no flower abortion) within and between years of testing. Other cultivars are consistently susceptible to ethylene (about 51% of cultivars). Other cultivars have shown an inconsistent response across years (about 15% of cultivars). Within a year, ethylene sensitivity invariably increases with later ethylene exposure (e.g., early October vs. late November). It is unknown whether similar results would be seen with ethylene exposure earlier in the season (e.g., July-September). These results should be of interest for breeding ethylene resistant cultivars and managing risk during tulip handling.

Tiptoe through the tulips - cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification ofTulipa(Liliaceae)

Tulipa (tulips; Liliaceae) is a genus of geophytes comprising c. 76 species, occurring from southwestern Europe and North Africa to Central Asia. The taxonomy and classification of the genus have been contentious in the past. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships in the genus using DNA sequences from five plastid regions (trnL intron and trnL–trnF spacer, rpl16 intron, rps12–rpl20 intergenic spacer and matK) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Amana and Erythronium were used as outgroups. Sequences were obtained from 25 Tulipa taxa representing all major lineages previously identified as distinct and four outgroups (two Amana spp. and two Erythronium spp.). In the combined maximum parsimony analysis, Tulipa was strongly supported as monophyletic and four clearly defined clades in the genus were obtained, although the relationships between them were unclear. In support of previous molecular studies, the results suggest that section Clusianae should be excluded from subgenus Tulipa and accepted at subgeneric rank. Subgenus Eriostemones and subgenus Tulipa (excluding Clusianae) were both strongly supported. Tulipa sprengeri, traditionally placed in subgenus Tulipa, was shown to be a member of Eriostemones. Orithyia, in this study represented by T. uniflora, formed a fourth lineage, also to be treated at subgeneric level. In the Bayesian analysis, the genus Tulipa was strongly supported and the same four lineages (subgenera) were identified. In this case, Orithyia was sister to the rest of the genus (with moderate support) and subgenera Clusianae and Eriostemones together formed a clade with strong support. Original species descriptions and type specimens of as many names as possible were reviewed and, on this basis, a revised checklist with full synonymy, typification and distribution is provided. The status of T. ×gesneriana and its synonyms is discussed. All accepted species are classified into the four subgenera supported by our phylogenetic study. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 172, 280–328.

Cytotoxic and bioactive properties of different color tulip flowers and degradation kinetic of tulip flower anthocyanins

This study was conducted to determine the potential use of anthocyanin-based extracts (ABEs) of wasted tulip flowers as food/drug colorants. For this aim, wasted tulip flowers were samples and analyzed for their bioactive properties and cytotoxicity. Total phenolic contents of the extracts of the claret red (126.55 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry extract) and orange-red (113.76 mg GAE/g dry extract) flowers were the higher than those of the other tulip flowers. Total anthocyanin levels of the violet, orange-red, claret red and pink tulip flower extracts were determined as 265.04, 236.49, 839.08 and 404.45 mg pelargonidin 3-glucoside/kg dry extract, respectively and these levels were higher than those of the other flowers. The extracts were more effective for the inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica compared to other tested bacteria. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects of five different tulip flower extracts on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line were investigated. The results showed that the orange red, pink and violet extracts had no cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell lines while yellow and claret red extracts appeared to be toxic for the cells. Overall, the extracts of tulip flowers with different colors possess remarkable bioactive and cytotoxic properties.

Speculation and Leverage

Speculative episodes typically involve leverage. For example, the well known tulipmania episode was accompanied by the introduction of foward contracts which allowed speculators to take leveraged positions in tulip bulbs. The Great Crash of 1929 was exacerbated by leveraged trusts which used leverage to buy stocks. These leveraged trusts could in turn be bought on margin which allowed speculators to hold highly leveraged positions. More recently, speculation in the housing market was accompanied by extreme leverage. In this paper, I provide a continuous time extension of the Harrison-Kreps(1978) speculative model with learning. Speculators have heterogeneous priors and learn about the unknown switching intensity between states. When the riskless rate is fixed, the speculative premium for each investor is determined by the expected present value of excess demand in the consumption and bond markets. Letting the riskless rate adjust so that the market for borrowing clears provides endogenous margin requirements which limit borrowing. In addition, the wealth distribution of speculators now becomes a determinant of speculative premia and a fairly rich set of speculative dynamics arise.

Application of inferior vena cava filter in patients with tumor thrombus secondary to malignant renal tumor

Objective To summarize the experience of implantation of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter for pulmonary embolism prevention during radical nephrectomy and IVC thrombus resection for malignant renal tumor.Methods Total 20 patients with malignant renal tumor and IVC tumor thrombus were performed IVC filter implantation via superior vena caval approach (right internal jugular vein) or right femoral vein approach from January 2008 to April 2011,including Tempofilter (B.Braun Medical Inc,USA) in 8 cases,Cook Tulip (Cook company,USA) in 7 cases and Aegisy temporary IVC filter (Shenzhen,China) in 5 cases.The filter was inserted at the morning of surgery or 1-11 days prior to nephrectomy under local anesthesia.Radical nephrectomy was performed in 4 cases,including 1 T4N0M0 (tumor thrombus level grade Ⅲ),1 T3bN2M0 (grade Ⅱ),and 2 T3cN0M0 (grade Ⅳ).Laparotomy and biopsy were done in 2 cases whose tumors were T4N2M0 (grade Ⅱ),and radical nephrectomy plus IVC thrombus resection were done in the other 14 cases.IVC filters were removed 1-14 days after operation in 18 cases or remain indwelling in 2 cases.The methods of filter implantation,technique of nephrectomy and IVC thrombus resection and complications were discussed.Results There were no complications related to the filter implantation or intraoperative pulmonary embolism occurred.The intraoperation blood transfusion were required in 10 patients (50％),and amount ranged from 500-5000 ml,with mean (1930 ± 1405) ml.Incompletely IVC control and unrecongnized venous branches such as lumbar veins were the important risk factor of blood loss.Postoperative acute renal failure and deep femoral vein thrombosis occurred in 1 patient.Pulmonary embolism occurred in 1 case in the day of IVC filter removed.All these postoperative complications were relative with bland thrombus and cured by conservative methods such as anticoagulation.Conclusions The IVC filter is effective in preventing pulmonary embolism during resection of renal tumor and IVC tumor thrombus.It could be insert and removal easily and securely,and appropriate for level ＞0 thrombus,especially for those who has bland thrombus and venous branches.Hemorrhage was the most frequent perioperative complication.The complete clamping of the IVC Inferior or superior to tumor thrombus,or keeping the vein branches from divulsion can decrease blood loss. Key words: Kidney neoplasms; Malignant; Thrombosis; Inferior vena cava, filter

Isolation and expression analysis of six putative structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Tulipa fosteriana

Getting basic molecular information of pigment formation in tulip flower is a prerequisite for enhancing the range of flower colors. In this study, six cDNA clones encoding putative anthocyanin biosynthesis enzymes were isolated from petals of tulip (Tulipa fosteriana) ‘Shangnong Zaoxia’ by rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE): chalcone synthase (TfCHS1), chalcone isomerase (TfCHI1), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (TfF3H1), flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (TfF3′H1), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (TfDFR1) and anthocyanidin synthase (TfANS1). Southern blot analysis showed they all present as multiple copies in the tulip genome. In parallel, the expression profiles of these genes in different tulip tissues as well as in petals during flower development were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression levels of TfCHS1, TfCHI1 and TfF3H1 were higher in stems and leaves than those in floral tissues (stamens, pistils, petals), the expression of TfF3′H1, TfDFR1 and TfANS1 showed highest levels in petals compared with other tissues. During flower development, the transcript levels of TfCHS1 and TfF3H1 were continuously increased, which were in general constant with the changing pattern of anthocyanin accumulation; the mRNA levels of TfDFR1 and TfANS1 and anthocyanin accumulation were both significantly increased; a low level transcript of TfF3′H1 was detected in petals throughout pigmentation process; TfCHI1 expression level firstly dramatically decreased and then gently increased. These results suggest that the red pigment accumulation in petals of T. fosteriana was positively related to the expression levels of TfCHS1, TfF3H1, TfDFR1 and TfANS1.

From tulip bulbs to sub‐prime mortgages examining the sub‐prime crisis

PurposeThe collapse of the sub‐prime mortgage market parallels several earlier failures within the financial services sector, begging the question why the lessons of past failures were not learned. Throughout history from the tulip bulb crisis of the 1600s to the most recent economic crisis, decision‐makers keep making the same mistakes. This occurs in part because of a failure to recognize similarities between past and current events. This conceptual paper aims to use systems dynamics tools to examine the crisis and illustrate how seemingly independent events are linked.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a fundamental review of systems thinking concepts and uses a tool of systems dynamics, causal loop diagrams (CLD), to provide a visualization of the dynamics of the sub‐prime market collapse over time. This approach provides insights that traditional analytic methods do not, which should be beneficial in understanding future cases where speculative demand drives behavior.FindingsThe paper uses the CLD tool to understand the evolution of the recent financial crisis. It finds that the dynamics of the collapse closely mirror many historic financial disasters (the paper cites several) and proposes the fundamental CLD of this phenomenon be elevated to a special category of the “limits to growth” archetype model. The paper makes this recommendation in the hope it will allow investors and policy makers to quickly recognize future speculative events when they happen again.Originality/valueThis paper argues that, despite the surface level uniqueness and complexity of the recent economic collapse, there is an underlying simplicity that links the recent collapse with speculative boom/busts going back over 400 years. The representation that the paper develops applies the language of systems thinking to the most recent financial crisis. A mental model of this system and the corresponding systems structure can be used to not only understand what happened, but also inform decision‐makers when similar speculative behavior occurs in the future.

The AIRP black-blue tulip for a day

The AIRP black-blue tulip for a day

Influence of Bacillus polymyxa on the growth and development of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae

Antagonistic effect of Bacillus polymyxa, strain S13, toward Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae was evaluated iii vitro and in vivo. The growth of the pathogen was greatly inhibited in dual cultures with Bacillus polymyxa on potato dextrose agar. Suspension of B. polymyxa and its filtrate substantially inhibited spore germination and development of Fusarium oxysporuum f. sp. tulipae on tulip bulbs.

The effect of chitosan on limitation of growth and development of some pathogenic fungi for ornamental plants

The inhibitory effect of crab-shell chitosan, medium (200-800 cps) and high molecular weight ( 800-2000 cps) (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals) toward <i>Alternaria alternata, Botrytis tulipae, Fiisarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>callistephi, Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>tulipae, Phoma narcissi</i> and <i> Phoma poolensis</i> was evaluated <i>in vitro</i> and in <i>vivo</i>. The chitosan evidently inhibited in vitro growth of all tested pathogens, with a marked effect at higher concentrations above 200 μg/cm<sup>3</sup>. Chitosan at a concentration of 1,25; 2,5 and 5,0 mg/cm<sup>3</sup> didn't have inhibitory action in appearance of fungi growth on naturally contaminated <i>Callistephus chinensis</i> seeds. At the same concentrations, chitosan applied as bulb scales dressing of <i>Hymenocallis narcissiflora</i> bulbs, before inoculation or after inoculation with <i>Phoma narcissi</i>, inhibited the development of necrotic spots on scales. Chitosan used preventively or curatively at a concentrations of 1,25; 2,5 and 5,0 mg/cm<sup>3</sup> indicated inhibitory effect on development of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>tulipae</i> on tulip bulbs. Chitosan at a concentration of 10 mg/cm<sup>3</sup> applied preventively (first spray 12th June) was very effective in the control of <i>Puccinia antirrhini</i> on snapdragon in the field. The strongest inhibitory effect was observed on snapdragon treated 8 times at week intervals.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GUMS INDUCED IN TULIP (TULIPA GESNERIANA L.) BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. TULIPAE, ETHYLENE AND JASMONATES

ISHS International Conference on Quality Management in Supply Chains of Ornamentals QMSCO2012 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GUMS INDUCED IN TULIP (TULIPA GESNERIANA L.) BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. TULIPAE, ETHYLENE AND JASMONATES

Tulip Bulb Sign

ABSTRACT Tulip bulb sign refers to a configuration of the aortic root, in which dilatation of the root of aorta occurs along with effacement of the sinotubular junction. It is characteristically described in annuloaortic ectasia, a common feature of Marfan syndrome. How to cite this article Sodhi KS, Dutta M, Saxena AK, Singhal M, Khandelwal N. Tulip Bulb Sign. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(3):167-168.