Abstract
The effect of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on growth of tulip plants infected by common diseases as well as on their new bulbs production is analyzed in this work. Filtered and sterilized OMW was tested as growth inhibitor of Botrytis tulipae, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp. mycelium. The effect of filtered OMW on uninfected tulip bulbs was also tested as well as on the growth of bulbs infected with the fungus B. tulipae and A. niger in vivo. The mycelium length, severity of scab-like lesions, plant height (PH), fresh mass (FM) and dry mass (DM) of plants and production of new bulbs were recorded. Only the filtered OMW inhibited the in vitro mycelium growth of all tested fungi. However filtered OMW caused infections when it sprayed on uninfected bulbs, malformations on 30% of the plants grown from these bulbs and decrease PH, FM and DM as well as new bulbs production at 75%, 72.4%, 79.1% and 50% respectively. The treatment of B. tulipae infected bulbs with filtered OMW reduced further the PH, FM, DM and the production of new bulbs in 92.1%, 81.4%, 78.7% and 97% respectively. In contrast the treatment of infected bulbs by B. tulipae + A. niger with filtered OMW did not affect PH, FM and the number of new bulbs produced and significantly improved plants DM and the mass of new bulbs.
Highlights
Damage during mechanical harvesting and planting of tulip bulbs as well as handling during storage may result in significantly infected bulbs by fungi, bulb rot, reduction of root growth and increasing floral abortion (Saaltink, 1971; Piwoni, 2007)
The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on growth and new bulb production of tulip plants, when these wastes were used for biological control of common tulip bulb diseases (Botrytis tulipae and Fusarium oxysporum) and tulip bulb moulds, caused by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp. as an alternative to disinfection of the bulbs with chemical fungicides
The mycelia growth of B. tulipae, F. oxysporum, A. niger and Penicillium spp., decreased (p < 0.001) when filtered OMW was added on the agar surface where fungi were growing (Fig. 1)
Summary
Damage during mechanical harvesting and planting of tulip bulbs as well as handling during storage may result in significantly infected bulbs by fungi, bulb rot, reduction of root growth and increasing floral abortion (Saaltink, 1971; Piwoni, 2007). Several benzimidazolresistant fungi strains of Penicillium spp., Botrytis elliptica and Fusarium oxysporum have been already isolated on many bulb ornamental plants like tulips (Tulipa gesneriana L.), lilies (Lilium sp.) and gladiolus (Gladiolus communis L.) (Migheli et al, 1990; Bus et al, 1991; Chung et al, 2009). To overcome this problem and reduce the pesticide use, alternative methods based on the use of organic amendments for the biological control of soilborne plant pathogenic fungi has been reported (Hoitink et al, 1997; Abawi & Widmer, 2000). Aerobic biological of OMW and their use in agriculture to protect plant material from storage fungi (Bonanomi et al, 2006) will contribute to the reduction of the environmental pollution, since OMW constitutes a major environmental problem due to its high content in phenolic compounds as tannins and flavonoids (Hamdi, 1992; Gonzales et al, 1999)
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