GI Bill Research Articles

Financial Aid as Whiteness as Property: Implications for Research and Practice

ABSTRACT In this article, I demonstrate how financial aid is a valued property of whiteness. Utilizing critical race theory, critical race policy analysis, and whiteness as property, I examine how financial aid has historically and continues to be valued and protected as a benefit for white people. I apply characteristics of property expectations and the function of exclusion to the history of financial aid and contemporary federal student aid processes to demonstrate how federal policy laid the groundwork for a financial aid process that continues to impede People of Color. I rely upon the examples of the GI Bill, aid applications, income verification, and satisfactory academic progress policies to illustrate where and how racist inequities exist within the financial aid process. I conclude the article with implications for applying a critical race perspective to research, policy, and practice with the goal of recognizing how racism influences financial aid administration.

Higher Education in the US and Abroad: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives

AbstractAt the start of the twentieth century, few Americans ever imagined getting a college degree. Less than 5 percent of children made it through high school, and approximately 1 percent of high school graduates enrolled in college. Two-year institutions were still a novelty, and four-year colleges catered to the 1 percent.1 Those numbers have changed dramatically. We now live in a world where 94 percent of Americans believe some college is “very important” to their lives and future prospects.2 Scholars tend to point to midcentury legislation—i.e., the GI Bill and Higher Education Act—as well as “College for All” movements as key drivers for the change. But the US isn’t alone. Globally, college-going has undergone a fundamental transformation during the past century. And the future promises the further expansion and reimagining of postsecondary education, though no doubt with surprising twists along the way.For this policy dialogue, we asked Roger Geiger and Philip Altbach to discuss the past, present, and future of higher education in the US and abroad. Roger Geiger is a distinguished professor emeritus of higher education at Penn State University. He has written extensively on higher education history, with particular attention to research universities. His recent works include The History of American Higher Education: Learning and Culture from the Founding to World War II and American Higher Education since World War II: A History. Philip Altbach is a professor emeritus at Boston College, where he was a research professor and distinguished fellow at the Center for International Higher Education. He has received the NAFSA: Association of International Educators Houlihan Award for Distinguished Service and the Association for the Study of Higher Education’s Howard R. Bowen Distinguished Career Award. Both bring decades of research experience, professional expertise, and personal insight to this discussion.HEQ policy dialogues are, by design, intended to promote an informal, free exchange of ideas between scholars. At the end of the exchange, we offer a list of references for readers who wish to follow up on sources relevant to the discussion.

Assessing the Inner Setting among Massachusetts Community Health Centers: Opportunities for Multilevel Investigation and Expansion of Influences on Health Equity.

Implementation science increasingly aims to improve equity in delivery of evidence-based interventions. It is important to expand the conceptualization of the inner setting, organizations like community health centers where interventions are put into place, accordingly. Taking a comprehensive, partnered approach to measuring the inner setting among a network of community health centers engaged in implementation research ensures assessment of the variability among sites and generates centralized contextual data that can be applied across studies. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among staff (n = 63) from 12 community health centers in Massachusetts engaged in research at the Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control Equity. The survey assessed inner setting constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, including learning climate, leadership engagement, available resources, and implementation demands/stress using validated measures. Additional equity-focused inner setting items included structural characteristics of the work infrastructure and language access services. Descriptive statistics examined differences by staff role and health center. Staff rated learning climate (mean = 3.98) and leadership engagement (mean = 3.67) positively, while available resources (mean = 2.78) had the lowest rating, particularly staffing resources. Clinical staff rated the inner context lowest compared to other roles. Most centers provided tuition assistance and all reported supportive human resources benefits for caregiving, while fewer offered formal mentorship or affinity groups. Most community health centers reported written materials are routinely provided to patients in languages other than English and interpreter services were most common in Spanish, Vietnamese, and Portuguese. This study provides a baseline assessment of the inner setting within Massachusetts community health centers. Periodic follow-up surveys will monitor changes over time. Data can be used in future analyses to explore how inner setting characteristics influence implementation outcomes and impact equitable translation of evidence-based interventions into practice.

Peran Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Desa Balesono Kecamatan Ngunut Kabupaten Tulungagung

The Family Hope Program (PKH) experiences a phenomenon, such as the status of the beneficiary community is more due to the encouragement of consumerism. Thus, the beneficiary community must really utilize the assistance of the Family Hope Program (PKH) as well as possible, to improve their quality of life and welfare so that the beneficiary community does not lose assistance from the Family Hope Program (PKH). Research Location, in Balesono Village, Ngunut District, Tulungagung Regency, East Java. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the utilization of PKH funds by PKH participants in improving welfare including the participation of PKH participants in participating in the PKH work program. The research approach used in this research uses descriptive qualitative. Data were collected using in-depth interview techniques, observation and documentation studies. Infromants were selected purposively based on criteria relevant to the research objectives. The results of this study show that PKH has a significant role in improving the welfare of the Balesono Village community, this role includes improving the quality of education, PKH helps beneficiaries to send their children to school with tuition assistance, increased access to health services The Family Hope Program (PKH) helps beneficiaries to get health services by providing health fee assistance, improving the quality of life, the Family Hope Program (PKH) helps improve the quality of life of the community through routine socialization once a month, the community has carried out their rights and obligations as beneficiaries of assistance, and assistants and related parties also provide guidance to beneficiaries to utilize assistance to improve their welfare. It is hoped that related parties for the next year will upgrade data collection so that PKH assistance funds are properly utilized. Researchers also recommend that future researchers need to examine more deeply the increasing synergy between institutions, namely village officials and assistants in the implementation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Balesono village.

A Mixed Methods Exploration of Students' Experiences of Taking Part in a Tuition Assistance Program in Rural Alberta, Canada

This paper reports on the experiences of rural students taking part in the Zero Fee Tuition program—a postsecondary tuition assistance program providing up to $5,000 in tuition subsidies for students residing in Drayton Valley, Alberta, Canada. Zero Fee Tuition was introduced by the Town of Drayton Valley in 2019 as a rural development initiative focused on attracting and retaining postsecondary education students. Here, we present a qualitatively-oriented mixed methods study of interview, focus group, and survey data collected with 24 Zero Fee Tuition students in 2021-2022 as part of a broader community-based participatory research project. In this paper, we explore two overarching themes: (a) facing opportunities and challenges throughout zero-fee tuition education, and (b) shifting the culture of education and training in Drayton Valley. Our results suggest that students' experiences were heavily shaped by the gendered care work they undertake in addition to, and as part of, their paid work and studies. Further, the Zero Fee Tuition program provided many students the first opportunity to attend a postsecondary education program. In this way, our findings suggest that Zero Fee Tuition is working towards its goal of expanding educational opportunities for residents of Drayton Valley. We discuss our findings within a rural oil-based town shaped by a boom-bust economy. Despite the positive contributions of the Zero Fee Tuition program, our analysis demonstrates the persistence of social structural conditions that impact the challenges faced by participants in this study.

GI Bill students at 2‐year colleges: Enrollment retention, and support trends

AbstractThis article presents a national snapshot of GI Bill student enrollment through examination of a repository of data on veterans’ education benefits usage, institutional practices to support veterans, and consumer advocacy information (e.g., complaints and caution flags). Through examination of records from 2217 two‐year institutions enrolling 172,453 GI Bill students, our analyses can support decision‐making regarding the extent of support services to consider offering for student veterans on community college campuses. Additionally, we provide insights into consumer advocacy for student veterans, trends in education benefits usage, and offer evidence‐based best practices for supporting student veterans.

Is the GI Bill Enough? An Exploratory Analysis of Student Veteran Borrowing in College

In the United States, many student veterans use their GI Bill benefits to help fund their postsecondary education; however, when the GI Bill is not enough, student veterans may turn to grants and loans to subsidize their financial needs. This study examines the degree and extent to which Pell Grants and student loans are being used by student veterans using data pulled from the National Center for Education Statistics’ Baccalaureate and Beyond dataset. We found that Pell Grant awards were higher for student veterans with disabilities as well as Blacks and that a student’s age contributed to the overall amount of federal student loans borrowed. Implications, future directions, and a discussion of the results are provided.

Implementation of the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Method in Selection of Students Recipients of Single Tuition Fee Assistance

Higher education in Indonesia, including at Budi Darma University, continues to be committed to creating an inclusive and equitable learning environment for all students. In line with this determination, Budi Darma University is implementing the Single Tuition Assistance (BUKT) program to support educational accessibility. Obstacles in the selection process, which is subjective and lacks a structured framework, can lead to inequality in the distribution of aid. This can result in students who should receive greater support being overlooked, while those who may need less may receive greater aid. In the BUKT selection process, there are a number of requirements that must be met, such as parents' income, PKH card ownership, completeness of documents, parents' dependents and home ownership. It is hoped that the use of a decision support system can be a solution to overcome this challenge. Decision Support Systems (DSS) integrate computer technology, mathematical models, and data to provide structured and organized support within a decision-making framework. The Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method is a multi-criteria decision making method that allows relative weighing between criteria to determine the final score for each alternative. By applying SAW in the selection of BUKT recipient students, it is hoped that more objective and data-based decisions can be obtained. The research results produced the best alternative with a value of 100.00 in the alternative with code A5 in Fitri's name, so that Fitri was declared entitled to receive single tuition assistance.

Perbandingan Algoritma Decision Tree dan Support Vector Machine Dalam Pemilihan Calon Mahasiswa Penerima KIP-K

KIP Kuliah is tuition assistance from the government for high school / equivalent graduates who have good academic potential but have economic limitations. There are many things that should be considered by universities before selecting prospective students who receive KIP Lecture so that selection can be done using machine learning and classification algorithms. In this research, two machine learning algorithms will be used including: Decision Tree and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Furthermore, these two algorithms will be tested and compared the final results. Both algorithms have different results. The highest level of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score is 100%. This value can be achieved by the Decision Tree algorithm because the dataset used is suitable for it to solve. Therefore, the Decision Tree algorithm is recommended to be used in selecting KIP College student candidates.

Developing and Retaining Homecare Nurses Through Employer-Based Tuition Assistance Programs: A Mixed Methods Study

ABSTRACT Purpose This study describes how an employer-based tuition-assistance program for homecare workers at one Canadian homecare organization enabled nursing career advancement and retention. Design A convergent parallel mixed-methods design. Methods We reviewed existing administrative data and concurrently conducted semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used on quantitative data and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. A joint data display was developed to integrate findings from both quantitative and qualitative data together. Findings Tuition assistance reduced financial barriers to career advancement; 83% of recipients remained with their employer for at least 1-year post-studies but only 29% experienced career advancement. Psychosocial supports, career navigation and coaching to ease the licensing and role transition processes were identified as opportunities to support learners. Conclusion Employer-based tuition assistance programs are impactful in helping to develop skilled employees. Practical enhancements to further support career transitions may maximize retention to address urgent homecare staffing challenges. Clinical Evidence Employer-based tuition assistance can be a useful strategy to support nursing career growth and staff retention.

Who Benefited from World War II Service and the GI Bill? New Evidence on Heterogeneous Effects for US Veterans

Who Benefited from World War II Service and the GI Bill? New Evidence on Heterogeneous Effects for US Veterans

Penentuan Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP) Pada Siswa Kurang Mampu dengan Metode Preference Selection Index (PSI) Berbasis Web

The Indonesia Smart Program (PIP) is a scholarship assistance provided to individuals with the aim of continuing their education as tuition assistance. This program is the government's idea to reduce the high number of children who drop out of school due to lack of funds. This high dropout rate will also later lead to a high crime rate because children who drop out of school cannot work properly. To determine whether or not students are eligible to receive the Indonesia Pintar Program, a decision support system (SPK) is needed that can provide input for schools to assess properly, which students really deserve the scholarship. By using the Preference Selection Index (PSI) method, it is hoped that this method will be able to select the best alternative from a number of alternatives based on criteria from predetermined aspects. In the Preference Selection Index (PSI) method which is used as a measure of assessment is the value of alternatives, matrix normalization, average performance value, preference variation value, preference value deviation, criteria weight, calculate the final value, and determine the ranking that will determine the optimal alternative, namely students who are entitled to a scholarship. The purpose of this research is to determine which students are eligible and not eligible to receive assistance from the government in the form of PIP. The results of this study are in the form of rankings with the highest value of 0.7686 and ranked first or rank 1 and the lowest value of 0.7091 is ranked 5th.

A Pilot Study of Drayton Valley’s Zero-Fee Tuition Program

ABSTRACT This qualitative pilot study introduces and reflects on early development and implementation of the Zero Fee Tuition (ZFT) program in the rural, oil and gas town of Drayton Valley, Alberta, Canada. This innovative, primarily municipally funded program, implemented in 2019, provides local students with up to $5,000 in free tuition for select post-secondary programs. Here we situate ZFT within higher education funding debates and other publicly funded tuition assistance programs in North America. ZFT is then put into conversation with a typology of tuition assistance Promise programs in the United States, framing ZFT as a last dollar, place-based, and universal program. Implications for such programs are explored in the context of Canadian post-secondary education. We conclude by drawing implications from our pilot examination of ZFT.

The Well-Being of Student Veterans: A Feasibility Study Using the Well-Being Inventory in the Academic Setting

Background: Veterans are using the Post 9/11 GI Bill benefits for post-secondary education more than ever. Military life experiences, including combat deployments and the visible and invisible wounds from their time in the service, affect Student Veterans’ (SV) well-being and may complicate their transition to a student role and the road to academic success. Aim: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the educational well-being among SV. A secondary aim was to determine the feasibility of measuring well-being in SV with the Well-Being Inventory (WBI), a validated tool that measures four domains of well-being in veterans: (1) vocation, (2) health, (3) financial, and (4) social well-being. Methods: In this cross-sectional pilot study, the WBI was completed by SV (N = 58) via an electronic survey platform. The status, functioning, and satisfaction of the domains of well-being were scored. Correlational statistics were calculated to detect relationships of educational well-being with vocation, work, health, financial, and social well-being domains. Results: Educational well-being was associated with vocation, work, health, and social well-being. SV exhibited the least well-being in the financial and health domains. Conclusions: Academic settings that offer support to SV in relation to their vocation, work, health, and social well-being may enhance SV academic success.

Student‐veterans face gap between housing stipend, actual needs

A pair of studies have pointed out the financial hardships that student‐veterans face when transitioning to higher education, even when utilizing the GI Bill. One study, done by the Pew Charitable Trusts, found that student‐veterans may take out more student loans to cover gaps between the monthly housing allotment from the GI Bill and actual housing costs. The other analysis, also conducted by Pew, found that living expenses — housing in particular — were the top expense covered by student loans for student‐veterans.

DESIGN OF KIP KULIAH SELECTION SYSTEM AND RECIPIENT DETERMINATION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM)

KIP Kuliah is tuition assistance from the government for high school graduates or equivalent with good academic potential but has economic limitations. In recent years it has been seen that the Indonesian government has always tried to increase the quota for KIP Kuliah recipients. In this study, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method was applied to create a system for selecting and determining KIP Kuliah recipients. To obtain the best model to be used in the system, the training and testing data are divided into three data distribution schemes, namely 60/40, 70/30, and 80/20. After the training and testing process was carried out using the SVM method with various parameter variations, then the best accuracy rate of 94.59% is obtained in the 80/20 data sharing scheme for the nonlinear SVM model with the RBF kernel. With this system, it is hoped that the KIP Kuliah selection process at the tertiary level can run effectively, efficiently and the results of the determination are more targeted.

Neutrality and School Choice: Two Cheers for Carson v. Makin

In 2022 the Supreme Court decided the case of Carson v. Makin, a First Amendment free-exercise case centering on the constitutionality of the exclusion of religious schools from Maine’s school tuition assistance program. In a 6–3 decision, the Court held that the exclusion of religious schools violated the Free Exercise Clause of the Constitution. The dissenting opinion of Justice Breyer, in contrast, argued that the State acted within its power in excluding religious schools from the program. Notably, both opinions appeal to the concept of neutrality to justify their decision. In this article, I analyze the role neutrality plays in the case. I argue that the concept of neutrality does not operate as an absolute standpoint from which it is possible to judge whether public aid to religious schools is justified. Finally, I conclude that the majority’s opinion will result in further litigation.

The Role of School Committees and Associations in Supporting Competitive Advantage in Muhammadiyah Elementary School 2 Krian

This research is a case study research because the focus of this research is to answer the question "how" the role of class committees and associations at SD Muhammadiyah 2 Krian, and wants to cover contextual conditions that are relevant to the phenomenon. This research was conducted at SD Muhammadiyah 2 Krian, Sidoarjo. The results of this study indicate that the school committee has helped competitive advantage in SD Muhammadiyah 2 Krian in terms of low cost (low cost), and differentiation, but the committee has not been able to increase competitive advantage in terms of focus. In terms of low cost, the committee through the education sector has formed GK-OTA (Foster Parents Committee Movement) which provides scholarships to underprivileged students and helps with education costs for students who need tuition assistance. In terms of differentiation, the committee through the economic sie. In addition to the committee, the association has also shown its role in creating good relationships between fellow guardians of students, this provides benefits for schools in establishing communication, be it institutional communication, or cultural communication.

Mayo Clinic’s journey in transforming employee tuition assistance in response to labor challenges

Research methodology The information used in the case study was obtained from secondary sources, such as internal documents, reports, news, and organization websites. Three of the four authors played a hands-on role in the case. Case overview/synopsis The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the global challenge of hiring and retaining health-care workers. To address its own challenges, Mayo Clinic decided to fundamentally transform its 30-year-old tuition assistance program: from a model centered on the premise that tuition assistance was an employee benefit for professional development purposes, to one that was more driven to meet the business needs of the employer by preparing internal talent for important roles throughout the institution. Herein, this case study first describes how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted health-care organizations like Mayo Clinic. Next, this study provides details on the original employee tuition assistance program, and then, focuses on the reasons for its need to be changed. Afterward, this study introduces the new tuition assistance programs. Finally, this study follows with examples of how both Mayo Clinic and its employees navigated through initial challenges, such as resistance to change and lack of engagement. In sum, this case study provides critical insight into designing workforce education programs that provide professional development for meeting the workforce needs of the organization. Complexity academic level This case can be used as teaching material in relevant undergraduate- and MBA-level courses, such as human resource management, human resource development and compensation and benefits. This case allows students to critically analyze workforce education programs (e.g. tuition assistance programs) and to plan how to strategically align those with the workforce needs of the organization.

Soldiers of a forgotten empire: American memory and the battle for Filipino veterans’ benefits

More than a quarter million Filipino soldiers fought under American command during the Second World War, but the US Congress declared in 1946 that the vast majority would be ineligible to receive benefits under the GI Bill, a landmark piece of social legislation that provided financial and educational assistance to most veterans of the war. This article examines the contested politics of denying these benefits to veterans of the Philippine Commonwealth Army. It demonstrates how the US Federal Government’s efforts to suppress its imperial past shaped military welfare policy in the post-war era.