Tubular Surface Research Articles

That which fits the mold: a braided composite wing

In this design study, a model airplane wing, partially constructed from braided composite panels, was made for the purpose of demonstrating the applications of braided composites for aerospace components. Fibres of Kevlar® were braided together along a tubular surface, then subsequently cut and unrolled to form two planar sheets of interlaced yarns that could be laid down in a 3D printed mold to later be coated in resin. The mold consisted of four parts: two female parts to shape the composite wing panels and two male parts to compress the composite. When connected together they form a fused core. A fibre sheet was draped over each female part, and its extraneous edges were folded inward to form a second layer as reinforcement. Each sheet was then laid up with Ecopoxy® resin and allowed to cure while sandwiched between the female mold and its corresponding male component. Upon disassembly of the mold system, a braided composite wing panel had formed upon both halves of the 3D printed core. The external portion of each panel was found to be smooth with few irregularities that could potentially compromise their aerodynamic performance. The mold was constructed to facilitate the process of cold-curing rather than curing at an elevated temperature. For heated cure process, the use of metal would be recommended because it generally deforms negligibly through heating and cooling. A metal mold would also be used to ease the process of debonding from the composite materials. Care should be taken to ensure that fibre orientation is consistent. The results illustrate how a mold can be fabricated to facilitate the process of curing braided composites, and can serve to improve the quality of products that require a higher strength to weight ratio.

Upregulation of Tissue Transglutaminase in Transforming Growth Factor-b Induced Epithelial Mesenchymal TG2Transdifferentiation In Rat Tubular Epithelial Cells

AbstractBackground: Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transdifferentiation (EMT) is believed to be a key step in the course of glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Many of the regulators of this process have been identified and Transforming Growth Factor-b (TGF-b) plays a central role. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) has a crucial role in extracellular matrix formation and stabi-lization.Aim of Study: This study was designed to explore whether TG2 is essential in EMT induced by TGF-b in renal tubular epithelial cells.Material and Methods: EMT was achieved by treating NRK52-E renal tubular epithelial cells with high concentration of rhTGF-b (10ng/ml) for 24, 48 and 72h. Development of mesenchymal cell markers Fibroblast Specific Protein (FSP-1) and a Smooth Muscle Actin (a-SMA) and decrease in tubular epithelial cell surface marker E-Cadherin were used to confirm EMT. The NTU283; TG2 inhibitor was used for the inhibition assays. TG2 activity was quantified using a 14C putrescine incorporation assay. Protein expression and localisation of different markers were assessed by western blot and immunofluorescent dual immunofluorescent staining. Phase analysis was used to quantify the amount of staining for each of the markers used.Results: A significant increase in TG2 activity and protein expression were both observed with TGF-b induced transdif-ferentiation at 48h. This observation was associated with loss of epithelial cell marker E-Cadherin and appearance of intra-cellular a-SMA and FSP-1, characteristic of myofibroblasts. Dual staining showed high TG2 levels in cells (0.254±0.07), compared to the control (0.02±0.008). This also showed loss of epithelial phenotype, decrease of E-cadherin and acquisition of myofibroblast characteristics a-SMA (0.671±0.13) com-pared to the control (0.076±0.016) and FSP-1 (0.492±0.017) compared to control (0.03±0.017). Cells also demonstrated high degree of co-localization of Collagen I (ColI) and a-SMA with TG2. The NTU283; TG2 inhibitor ameliorated TGF-b induced EMT. This was also associated with changed pattern of collagen I and a-SMA co-localization.Conclusion: This data demonstrated upregulation of TG2 during the process of TGF-b induced EMT. TG2 inhibitor showed non-significant reduction of both TG2 and mesenchy-mal markers but demonstrated changes in the molecular configuration of mesenchymal markers a-SMA and Col I, raising the possibility of a role of TG2 in EMT.

AN OVERVIEW STUDY ON THE LASER TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS IN THE MECHANICAL AND MACHINE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

Laser is considered one of the most influential inventions in the twentieth century and laser technology has been contributing in many areas of life. Today, in any field of manufacturing, laser technology also presents value and brings a range of specific benefits to the field such as machine manufacturing and mechanical tools. Thanks to the cutting edge cleaning ability, delicate welding lines, strong etching strokes, high power operation, accurate distance measurement capability, laser technology has gradually conquered and dominated the mechanical market, especially in the field of material handling, metal parts. Using lasers to cut metal creates highly detailed and continuous details, lines, shapes, patterns ... that open new avenues for the mechanical and machine-building industry. Using laser engraving machines, it will process complex and sophisticated details, saving time and manpower costs. High processing speed, smooth cutting surface and easy programming are the advantages that laser cutting technology offers to this industry. Lasers can be cut on different sheet metal or tubular surfaces at extremely fast speeds on tools, machine parts and even small-sized cutting workpieces. This paper will present an overview of laser technology and its common applications in the mechanical and machine-building industry. The analysis and evaluation in this paper will provide an update on the level of development of laser technology in the current industry age 4.0. In addition, it is a common picture and achievements of the machine manufacturing industry achieved with the support of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

Binding to carboxypeptidase M mediates protective effects of fibrinopeptide Bβ15-42

During fibrinolysis a 28-amino-acid peptide is generated besides other degradation products of fibrin. This peptide, called Bβ15-42, which is cleaved by plasmin from the end of the fibrin Bβ-chain, is protective in myocardial and renal ischemia/reperfusion injury and improves the outcome in experimental sepsis. Bβ15-42 has been shown to mediate different beneficial effects in endothelial cells through binding to vascular endothelial-cadherin. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that Bβ15-42 has additional cell protective activity in tubular cells, which is caused by a distinct mechanism. As vascular endothelial-cadherin is not expressed by tubular cells we used ligand-receptor capture technology LRC-TriCEPS to search for tubular cell surface receptors and identified carboxypeptidase M (CBPM) as a novel binding partner of Bβ15-42. Silencing CBPM with siRNA reduced the protective potential of Bβ15-42 against tubular cell stress. Bβ15-42 inhibited the enzymatic activity of CBPM and modified the impact of CBPM on bradykinin signaling. We conclude that beneficial properties of Bβ15-42 are not restricted to endothelial cells but are also active in epithelial cells where cytoprotection depends on CBPM binding.

TUBULAR SURFACES WITH DARBOUX FRAME IN GALILEAN 3-SPACE

In this paper, we define tubular surface by using a Darboux frame instead of a Frenet frame. Subsequently, we compute the Gaussian curvature and the mean curvature of the tubular surface with a Darboux frame. Moreover, we obtain some characterizations for special curves on this tubular surface in a Galilean 3-space.

A fast response/recovery ppb-level H2S gas sensor based on porous CuO/ZnO heterostructural tubule via confined effect of absorbent cotton

The development of ZnO-based sensors towards the detection of trace H2S has recently aroused extensive attentions due to its very harmful to human health even at a concentration as low as 83 ppb. However, the fast response/recovery ZnO-based sensors for detecting ppb-level H2S were also challenging. In this study, porous CuO/ZnO heterostructural tubule was facilely and massively prepared by metal salt impregnation and subsequently calcination via confined effect of absorbent cotton. The influence of Cu2+ doping amounts and calcination temperature on the corresponding microstructure and gas sensing properties of the composites is investigated. The precursor with 3.67 at% Cu2+ doping was calcined at 600 °C to form heterostructural tubules (3.67 at% CuO/ZnO-600) with the specific surface area of 35.2 m2 g−1, which consist of monoclinic CuO (˜21.8 nm) and hexagonal ZnO (˜33.7 nm). The sensor based on 3.67 at% CuO/ZnO-600 shows better gas sensitivity to 50 ppb H2S at 170 °C with response and recovery times of 35 and 29 s, which represents the fastest response/recovery properties in reported ZnO-based ppb-level H2S sensors to date. Furthermore, the sensor has a low detection limit of 10 ppb and shows a wide linear range from 10 to 1000 ppb, good repeatability and long-term stability. Such excellent ppb-level H2S gas sensing performance is mainly ascribed to the inherent characteristics of hierarchically porous tubular structure, p-n heterojunction and surface adsorbed oxygen species. Moreover, the gas-sensing mechanism is also investigated in detail.

QuBiT: a quantitative tool for analyzing epithelial tubes reveals unexpected patterns of organization in the Drosophila trachea.

Biological tubes are essential for animal survival, and their functions are dependent on tube shape. Analyzing the contributions of cell shape and organization to the morphogenesis of small tubes has been hampered by the limitations of existing programs in quantifying cell geometry on highly curved tubular surfaces and calculating tube-specific parameters. We therefore developed QuBiT (Quantitative Tool for Biological Tubes) and used it to analyze morphogenesis of the embryonic Drosophila trachea (airway). In the main tube, we find previously unknown anterior-to-posterior (A-P) gradients of cell apical orientation and aspect ratio, and periodicity in the organization of apical cell surfaces. Inferred cell intercalation during development dampens an A-P gradient of the number of cells per cross-section of the tube, but does not change the patterns of cell connectivity. Computationally 'unrolling' the apical surface of wild-type trachea and the hindgut reveals previously unrecognized spatial patterns of the apical marker Uninflatable and a non-redundant role for the Na+/K+ ATPase in apical marker organization. These unexpected findings demonstrate the importance of a computational tool for analyzing small diameter biological tubes.

Dynamic Frictional Characteristics of TP2 Copper Tubes during Hydroforming under Different Loading and Fluid Velocities

Tube hydroforming (THF) experiments were performed on TP2 copper tubes under different loading velocities and fluid velocities using a self-developed measurement system to investigate dynamic frictional characteristics in the guiding zone. The results show that the coefficient of friction (COF) dynamically changes during forming experiments and decreases with tube deformation. The average descending rate and amplitude of the COF increase with increasing loading velocity. Microscopically, the micro-protrusions on the tubular surface are flattened, and the surface scratches are finer and more uniform, as the loading velocity increases, resulting in a decrease in COF. At the same external loading velocity, the COF increases with increasing fluid velocity and is also extremely sensitive to it. Moreover, improving and predicting the formability of such tubes by accurately adjusting and controlling fluid velocity in THF is valuable and critical for the future.

Effect of Diabetes on the Male Reproductive System—A Histomorphological Study

Introduction Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lack of insulin production by the β cells of the pancreas. This lack of insulin causes a variety of systemic effects on the metabolism of the body, one of which is reproductive dysfunction. The present study investigates the effects of diabetes on the male reproductive system of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Material and Methods A total of 18 adult male Wistar rats weighing ∼ between 250 and 300 g were included in the present study. The animals were divided into normal and diabetic groups. The diabetic group was further subdivided into 2 subgroups with durations of 24 and 48 days. A single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg body weight) was administrated intraperitoneally to the animals of the diabetic group. After the planned duration, the testes and epididymides were dissected, and their gross weight was measured. The tissues were then processed for histological study. Results The gross weight of the testes and epididymides in diabetic rats at 24 and 48 days showed a decrease in comparison to the control. (p < 0.01 for testes and epididymides).Diabetic animals presented a significant decrease in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules compared with the control group (p < 0.01). The epididymides in the diabetic groups showed a considerable reduction in the tubular surface area compared with the control group (p < 0.01). There was also a reduction in the mean diameter, which was measured using the maximum and minimum diameter of the tubules (p < 0.01). Conclusion The present study is an insight into the adverse effects that diabetes can have on the tissue structure of the testes, of the epididymides, and ultimately on the process of spermatogenesis.

Differential Organization of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells on Tubular Surface as A Novel Mechanobiology Mechanism of Airway Tissue Morphogenesis

Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) exists within the bronchial airway wall in a form of spirally winding bundles [1]. This pattern emerges early during embryonic development and is involved in airway branching [2], providing the airway appropriate contractile capacity and resistance to circumferential tension in health or causing excessive airway narrowing in disease such as asthma. Despite its importance, the cause of ASMCs self-organization remains largely a mystery. Previously, we have demonstrated in 2D that ASMCs can sense the curvature in their microenvironment and change behaviors in differentiation, orientation and migration accordingly [3]. Here we further explore in 3D microenvironment how ASMCs collectively behave on tubular surface of substrate, which more closely mimics the confined curved space of small diameter airways. Using time lapse live cell microscopic video imaging and fluorescence confocal microscopy, we observed, to our surprise, two distinct behaviors of self-organization of ASMCs, depending whether on the concave (inner) or convex (outer) side of the tubular substrate. On concave side, cells always adapted to the curved surface into aligned arrangement perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubular substrate. On convex side, the cells eventually aligned with an angle relative to the longitudinal axis, and the angle was dependent on the tubular curvature. Interestingly, this seems to be a unique phenomenon associated with ASMCs, as other cell types showed no such behaviors. Furthermore, this phenomenon appeared to be either promoted or impaired if the ASMCs were either modulated towards a more contractile phenotype or pharmacologically relaxed. The self-organization also occurred with distinct cytoskeleton remodeling, suggesting the origin of its driving force. Thus, it reveals a novel mechanobiology mechanism for airway tissue morphogenesis/regulation, which may be important for better understanding airway pathophysiology but also useful in development of new technique for airway disease treatment such as tissue regeneration.

Nonlinear finite element and fiber element analysis of concrete filled square steel tubular (cfst) under static loading

The combination of thin-walled steel structure with concrete infill can be used as the alternative material properties in the building in Indonesia. This composite material is suitable for seismic-resistant building because it has more ductility than conventional material. In the tsunami event, some tsunami debris strikes the building and induced partial or full collapse of the building. The loading tip shape of tsunami debris which contacts to a tubular surface affects the local deformation or buckling mode of the thin-walled structures. In order to investigate the effects, we conducted three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analyses of concrete filled square steel tubular members subjected to concentrated lateral loads by using the finite element analysis (FEM) program MSC Marc/Mentat. The fiber element analysis is also performed to reduce the analysis time of FEM and simplify the analysis. The accuracy of the FEM and fiber element analysis is verified by the experiment. Being based on the parametric numerical study, it discusses the effect of axial load on the load-deflection relations. It shows that the higher the axial load, the more degradation the ductility of the structure.

Signals and forces shaping organogenesis of the small intestine.

The adult gastrointestinal tract (GI) is a series of connected organs (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon) that develop via progressive regional specification of a continuous tubular embryonic organ anlage. This chapter focuses on organogenesis of the small intestine. The intestine arises by folding of a flat sheet of endodermal cells into a tube of highly proliferative pseudostratified cells. Dramatic elongation of this tube is driven by rapid epithelial proliferation. Then, epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk and physical forces drive a stepwise cascade that results in convolution of the tubular surface into finger-like projections called villi. Concomitant with villus formation, a sharp epithelial transcriptional boundary is defined between stomach and intestine. Finally, flask-like depressions called crypts are established to house the intestinal stem cells needed throughout life for epithelial renewal. New insights into these events are being provided by in vitro organoid systems, which hold promise for future regenerative engineering of the small intestine.

General Way To Compute the Intrinsic Contact Angle at Tubes

Nanostructured coatings of superwettability, especially at the outer and inner surfaces of large-scale tubes, have generated broad interests for anti-biofouling, drag reduction, condensation heat transfer, and so on. The contact angle, a major parameter to evaluate the wettability, is derived and gradually modified mainly for flat surfaces after Thomas Young (1773–1829). However, in the case of tubular surfaces, the curvature affects and biases the measurement. In this article, a tube-in-tube coaxial anodization approach is developed to generate coatings of nanotube arrays at the outer surface of Ti tubes. The wetting property of the resulting nanotubes is tailored; the apparent contact angle (measured in the radial plane) deviates substantially from its intrinsic value (measured in the axial plane) as the tube diameter decreases or droplet size increases. A general equation, suitable for tubular surfaces of different wetting states, is hence derived to compute the intrinsic contact angle in terms of appa...

Towards Further Verification of Physiologically-Based Kidney Models: Predictability of the Effects of Urine-Flow and Urine-pH on Renal Clearance.

In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of renal excretory clearance (CLR) using the physiologically based kidney models can provide mechanistic insight into the interplay of multiple processes occurring in the renal tubule; however, the ability of these models to capture quantitatively the impact of perturbed conditions (e.g., urine flow, urine pH changes) on CLR has not been fully evaluated. In this work, we aimed to assess the predictability of the effect of urine flow and urine pH on CLR and tubular drug concentrations (selected examples). Passive diffusion clearance across the nephron tubule membrane was scaled from in vitro human epithelial cell line Caco-2 permeability data by nephron tubular surface area to predict the fraction reabsorbed and the CLR of caffeine, chloramphenicol, creatinine, dextroamphetamine, nicotine, sulfamethoxazole, and theophylline. CLR values predicted using mechanistic kidney model at a urinary pH of 6.2 and 7.4 resulted in prediction bias of 2.87- and 3.62-fold, respectively. Model simulations captured urine flow-dependent CLR, albeit with minor underprediction of the observed magnitude of change. The relationship between drug solubility, urine flow, and urine pH, illustrated in simulated intratubular concentrations of acyclovir and sulfamethoxazole, agreed with clinical data on tubular precipitation and crystal-induced acute kidney injury. This study represents the first systematic evaluation of the ability of the mechanistic kidney model to capture the impact of urine flow and urine pH on CLR and drug tubular concentrations with the aim of facilitating refinement of IVIVE-based mechanistic prediction of renal excretion.

RETRACTED: Enhanced gas separation performance using carbon membranes containing nanocrystalline cellulose and BTDA-TDI/MDI polyimide

This paper presents the derivation of carbon membranes from BTDA-TDI/MDI polyimide (PI) prepared via a dip-coating technique on an inorganic tubular support surface, followed by a heat treatment (stabilization and carbonization) under N2 gas flow. In order to enhance the gas separation performance of the resultant carbon membrane, a synthesized nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) using tissue paper as an additive was added into the dope solution at various carbonization temperatures of 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C. The NCC was prepared by extracting the unprinted area of a newspaper and was processed as an additive in the polymer solution. The chemical structure, morphological structure, and gas permeation properties of the resultant membrane were analyzed. Special attention was given to the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting PI/NCC-based carbon membrane and its corresponding gas permeation properties. Pure gas permeation tests were performed using CO2, CH4, O2, and N2 at room temperature. The gas permeation data demonstrated that the carbon membrane exhibited an excellent performance compared to the polymeric membrane. Enhancement in both gas permeance and selectivity were observed in the NCC-containing carbon membranes prepared at carbonization temperature of 800 °C, with the CO2/CH4 selectivity of 68.2 ± 3.3, the CO2/N2 selectivity of 66.3 ± 2.2, and the O2/N2 selectivity of 9.3 ± 2.5, with respect to the neat carbon membrane. By manipulating various carbonization temperatures, carbon membranes with different structures and properties were obtained.

INFLUENCE OF CHARACTERISTICS VORTEX BURNER FOR HEAT TRANSFER EFFICIENCY IN THE FURNACE BOILER

In Ukraine, a significant number of domestic and industrial boilers are in operation. In this paper, we present the results of a numerical study of the processes of burning gaseous fuels in a furnace of a steam water-tube boiler DE-10/14. The burner device GMG-7 with a capacity of 728 m3/h of natural gas provides a swirling short and wide torch. The fuel-air mixture is formed by premixing 15% of the air, with a primary twist factor n = 2.4, and a secondary burner twist ratio n = 1.6, and an excess air factor αa = 1.10. The option of installing blades in the primary air duct with an angle φ1 = 45° was considered, and in the secondary air channel with an angle φ2=60°. The burner embrasure is conical with an opening angle of 60°. Twist of primary and secondary air – one way. As a result of the research, the temperature and velocity distributions of gases in the combustion chamber, the density of heat flows on the screen tubular surfaces, and the concentrations of the combustion components were determined. The mathematical model of radiation-convective heat transfer in the gas path of the boiler is formed on the basis of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with allowance for gravity and neglect of compressibility. The model is the equation of continuity, momentum transfer, energy and chemical components of the gas mixture recorded in a stationary form. The equations are closed by the Newton law for the pressure tensor, the Fourier law for the heat flux, the Fick law for the mass flow, the Clapeyron-Mendeleyev law for the thermodynamic state of the gas mixture, the equations of the Launder-Spaulding turbulence model and the Magnusen-Hertager turbulent combustion model. The simulation is performed by the control volume method. At a slope angle of the blades of the register φ2=60° in the secondary air flow path and φ1 = 45° in the primary air duct, a wide opening of the V-shaped flame near the cutoff of the burner at a distance of 0.5 to 0.6 m is observed. Combustion of the gas – in narrow jets of the open torch at a distance of 1.0 – 1.5 m. The temperature of the gases in the streams of the torch is about 1500 – 1700°C. In this case, narrow jets move near the screen surfaces of the heat exchange tubes. It is established that the structure of the flame at the angle of installation of the blades φ2 = 45° is symmetrical and stable, and the dimensions of the torch correspond more to the geometry of the combustion volume. At the same time, no flare is observed on the screen side surfaces and the bottom of the furnace, tightening the torch in a convective beam. However, the temperature of the gases and the density of the heat flow are not high enough – the average values are about q=100 kW/m2 (at qcp = 76.8 kW/m2).

Facile flame catalytic growth of carbon nanomaterials on the surface of carbon nanotubes

Hierarchical carbon structures with in-situ growth of small carbon particles on thick CNT (TCNT) were synthesized by a simple flame synthesis method. TEM tomography analysis indicated that flame synthesized CNT (FCNT) with different length and diameter (or carbon sphere particles) were deposited onto both the inner and/or outer tubular wall surface of the TCNT. The nano-confinement effect of the TCNT tubular space on the flame growth of carbon particles was investigated, which led to the formation of shorter and curved FCNT. Electron microscopy studies revealed that the tip growth mechanism dominated the ethanol flame-induced CNT synthesis process and the rate determining step for the flame growth of CNT was the nickel-catalyzed carbon deposit reaction rather than the mass transfer of the carbon source in the confined nano-channels of the TCNT. The influence of the type of metal catalyst on the products was also studied. Substantial improvements of electrochemical properties of TCNT after the decoration with FCNT confirmed the effectiveness and advantages of this method. The FCNT/TCNT anodes delivered a higher reversible lithium ion storage specific capacity than that of the pristine TCNT.

A study of the tubular surfaces constructed by the spherical indicatrices in Euclidean 3-space

A basic goal of this paper is to investigate the tubular surface constructed by the spherical indicatrices of any spatial curve in the Euclidean $3-$ space. This kind of tubular surface is designed for the alternative moving frame $\{N,C,W\}$ in conjunction with finding a relationship between the tubular surfaces and their special curves, such as geodesic curves, asymptotic curves, and minimal curves. The minimal curve $\gamma $ on a surface is defined by the property that its fundamental coefficients satisfy Eq. (3.7) along the curve $\gamma $. At the end of this article, we exemplify these curves on the tubular surfaces with their figures using the program Mathematica.

Canal Surface Around A Spacelike Focal Curve In Lorentz 3-Space

In this paper, we study the tubular surface around a spacelike focal curve in Lorentz 3-Space. First for better understanding of the subject, the definitions and equations of the canal surface around a regular curve in 3-dimensional Euclidean space are given. Section 3, concerned with some important definitions and theorems about focal curves in 3-dimensional Lorentz space. In section 4, we derive equations for canal and tubular surfaces around a spacelike focal curve in 3-dimensional Lorentz. Then we obtain the first and the second fundamental forms on the tubular surfaces in the same space. Gauss and mean curvatures of this surface are obtained. Finally, in this space it is investigated if the parameter curves for the tubular surface are geodesic or asymptotic and related theorems about them are stated and proved.

Synthesis and characterization carboxyl functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) and NH2 functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTNH2)

A making of MWCNTs-COOH has been conducted to improve the compatibility of carbon nanotubes and MWCNTs-NH2, in order to have conductive properties. The MWCNTs- COOH study was performed, using the first reflux method using HNO3 for 6 hours heated with 60°C (concentrated HNO3 ratio with MWCNTs is 1: 5), followed by the second reflux using SOCl2 for 5 hours heated to 70°C (concentrated HNO3 ratio with MWCNTs is 1: 3). Meanwhile, the making of MWCNTs-NH2 used homogenization process, used magnetic stirrer, with comparison between MWCNTs-COOH with Etanadiamine 1: 2000, for 8 hours at 40oC. Both products were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The C-O bond on MWCNTs-COOH is indicated by absorption at wavelength 1672.28 cm-1 and O-H bond at 3431.36 cm-1 N-H bond on MWCNTs-NH2 shown at wavelength 1440.83. The SEM analysis indicates that both products have a tubular surface morphology.