Number Of Tubers Research Articles

The efficiency of using the substrate technological module in the technology of growing potato mini-tubers

Known technologies and methods for obtaining virus-free potato mini-tubers of a required size fraction do not fully provide the highest multiplication factor, which occurs due to the insufficient productivity of an individual potato plant. On the basis of long-term experimental data (2012…2022), an assessment of the effectiveness of methods for growing potato mini-tubers in open and protected ground conditions is given. According to the number of tubers harvested from one plant, all growing methods can be divided into two large groups: traditional (3-12 potatoes per plant) and modified (more than 40 potatoes per plant). A highly efficient method has been developed for obtaining mini-tubers of potatoes harvested as they grow on soil substrates with an average annual productivity of at least 50 mini-tubers from one micro-tuber and 40 mini-tubers from one virus-free plant (with traditional substrate methods – from 3 to 10 mini-tubers). Based on this method, there has been created a substrate technological module of a new generation harvesting tubers as they grow which makes it possible to obtain an average of 40 to 55 mini-tubers from one virus-free plant over the years, that is almost 10 times more in comparison with traditional methods of growing with a single harvest at the end of vegetation. Harvesting mini-tubers as they grow up to a required size creates the possibility of obtaining tubers of one size fraction (10-25 g), which allows later, when laying the nursery of the first field reproduction, to apply mechanized planting in the field and obtain uniform seedlings.

Genetic and Morphological Variation of Belgian Cyperus esculentus L. Clonal Populations and Their Significance for Integrated Management

Cyperus esculentus is an invasive troublesome neophyte in many arable crops across the globe. Analysis of the genetic and morphological profile of local C. esculentus clonal populations may be useful in explaining differential herbicide sensitivity found among distinct clonal populations and spatial distribution patterns. In this study, 35 Belgian C. esculentus clonal populations, evenly spread across the entire infestation area (30,689 km2) and covering a great diversity of farm and soil types, and hydrological and environmental conditions, were genetically characterized using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) profiling. These clonal populations were also grouped into different morphological clusters using data from shoot, tuber, and inflorescence number, fresh tuber biomass, individual fresh tuber weight, and number of germinable seeds collected in three consecutive years. Of the 271 AFLP markers, 207 were polymorphic. The gene diversity among clonal populations was 0.331 and three genetically distinct clusters were identified. Depending on observation year, clonal populations were grouped in four to five morphologically distinct clusters that closely aligned with the genetic clusters. The genetically distinct clusters differed in their geographical distribution pattern and range as well as in their morphological characteristics. Clonal populations belonging to clusters with broad distribution ranges produced numerous viable seeds. Clusters with clonal populations that produced large tubers were less widespread than the cluster with clonal populations producing many small tubers. The results suggest that tuber size, tuber number, and fecundity may all play an important role in the spread of C. esculentus. Morphotyping may be very useful in designing effective preventive and curative C. esculentus management strategies.

Influence of Number of Buried Nodes and Sources of Potassium Fertilizers on Sweet Potato Growth and Yield in Dodoma, Tanzania.

Inadequate knowledge on appropriate number of nodes of sweet potato vines to be planted and sources of potassium fertilizer to be used are among major factors resulted into low sweet potato productivity in central part areas of Tanzania. This research aimed at evaluating the effects of four levels of nodes buried and three potash fertilizer sources on growth and yield of three sweet potato varieties. Split-split plot field experiment in complete randomized block design was conducted at Hombolo, Dodoma during 2013/2014 cropping season. Main plot were three sweet potato varieties, Kiegeya, Mataya, and Ukerewe. Sub plot were, four level of buried nodes, (two above ground), five buried nodes (three above ground), seven buried nodes (three above ground) and eight buried nodes (four above ground). The sub - subplot treatments were potash fertilizer sources i.e control no fertilizer used, Potassium chloride (KCl), Potassium nitrogen phosphate (NPK) and Farm yard manure (FYM). Results indicated that there were no significant effects on the yield among varieties used. The number of tubers increased significantly in fertilized plots compared to control. The lowest number of tuber roots (3 tubers) was from control treatment while the highest number of tuber roots (6) was from KCl treatment. The effect of potassium fertilizer sources on root yield were also significant, use of KCl resulted to highest yield (18.84 t ha-1), followed by NPK (17.51 t ha-1), FYM (11.33 t ha-1) and control treatment where no fertilizer applied (8.82 t ha-1). Plating of different number of nodes resulted into significant increase in yield where the highest yield of (15.91 t ha-1) was from eight buried nodes and lowest total yield (11.68 t ha-1) was from four buried nodes. Seven and eight buried nodes with KCl and NPK fertilizers appeared to be appropriate for optimum sweet potato growth, yield and tuberous root quality in the study area and are therefore recommended.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Agronomic and Physiological Traits Related to Drought Tolerance in Potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is often considered a water-sensitive crop and its production can be threatened by drought events, making water stress tolerance a trait of increasing interest. In this study, a panel of 144 tetraploid potato genotypes was evaluated for two consecutive years (2019 and 2020) to observe the variation of several physiological traits such as chlorophyll content and fluorescence, stomatal conductance, NDVI, and leaf area and circumference. In addition, agronomic parameters such as yield, tuber fresh weight, tuber number, starch content, dry matter and reducing sugars were determined. GGP V3 Potato array was used to genotype the population, obtaining a total of 18,259 high-quality SNP markers. Marker-trait association was performed using GWASpoly package in R software and Q + K linear mixed models were considered. This approach allowed us to identify eighteen SNP markers significantly associated with the studied traits in both treatments and years, which were related to genes with known functions. Markers related to chlorophyll content and number of tubers under control and stress conditions, and related to stomatal conductance, NDVI, yield and reducing sugar content under water stress, were identified. Although these markers were distributed throughout the genome, the SNPs associated with the traits under control conditions were found mainly on chromosome 11, while under stress conditions they were detected on chromosome 4. These results contribute to the knowledge of the mechanisms of potato tolerance to water stress and are useful for future marker-assisted selection programs.

Foliar Applications of ZnO and SiO2 Nanoparticles Mitigate Water Deficit and Enhance Potato Yield and Quality Traits

The yield and quality of field crops are affected by abiotic stresses such as water deficit, which can negatively impact crop growth, productivity, and quality. However, nanotechnology holds great promise for increasing crop yield, maintaining quality, and thus mitigating abiotic stresses. Therefore, the current study was conducted to examine the influences of 0, 50, and 100 mg L−1 zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and 0, 25, and 50 mg L−1 silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles on the yield and quality traits of potato plants grown under water deficit conditions (100%, 75%, and 50% ETc). Water deficit significantly reduced yield traits (average tuber weight, number of plant tubers, and tuber yield) and quality traits (tuber diameter, crude protein, and mineral content). However, it enhanced tuber dry weight, specific gravity, ascorbic acid, starch, and total soluble solids. Foliar applications of ZnO and SiO2 nanoparticles under water deficit treatments significantly enhanced yield and improved quality traits of potato plants. Moreover, significant and positive correlations were found among yield traits. Thus, it can be concluded that using ZnO NPs at 100 mg L−1 significantly improves potato productivity and quality traits by mitigating the negative effects of water deficit in arid regions.

Assessment of the Influence of the Preplant Treatment of Potatoes with Nanobiological Preparations on Crop Quality

A lack of mineral nutrition, including trace elements, and plant diseases can cause a low crop yield and poor quality of potatoes leading to crop-yield losses of up to 30–50%. Nanobiopreparations containing copper, iron, molybdenum, and magnesium nanoparticles (NPs) in a polymer film formed from a mixture of Na-carboxymethylcellulose and polyethylene glycol-400 are prepared to solve these problems. The preparations with trace-metal NPs in various concentrations are tested under laboratory conditions according to the following parameters: the number of shoots per tuber, and the length and weight of sprouts. Complex preparations are obtained for field tests: polymer + 10–9% Cu NPs + 10–5% B NPs + 10–6% Mo NPs + 10–5% Mg NPs and polymer + 10–9% Cu NPs. Field tests in 2021 showed that the preplant treatment of tubers with these preparations increased their gross yield by 3.3 and 3.6%, the number of standard tubers by 1.5 and 2.9%, and the yield of healthy potatoes by 5.4 and 6.2% compared to the control, respectively. At the same time, the prevalence of alternariosis decreased by 1.4–1.5 times, and the degree of damage by 2.9 times (after treatment with the composition of NPs) and 1.7 times (after Cu NPs) compared with the control. The spread of rhizoctoniosis decreased by two and three times compared with the control, respectively. The consumer properties of potato tubers of the new crop were assessed with a general quality index of ≥ 4.

Performance The Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) by Husk Charcoal and Fertilizer K Application

The cultivation of Red Onions (Allium ascalonicum, L.) in paddy fields needs to be investigated further because paddy fields have constraints on the soil physical and chemical properties, such as soil structure, drainage, pH, and nutrient availability. The application of husk charcoal and K fertilizer is expected to increase the productivity of Red Onions, so it is necessary to study the appropriate dose. The research aimed to determine the effect of the interaction between the application of husk charcoal and KCl fertilizer and the influence of each factor on the growth and yield of Red Onions. The results showed that rice husk charcoal treatment at a dose of 20 Mg ha-1 was effective in increasing the growth and yield of Red Onions compared to rice husk charcoal at a dose of 10 Mg ha-1 and 0 Mg ha-1 (control), as evidenced by the variable shallot plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers per clump, wet tuber weight per clump, and tuber dry weight per clump. KCl fertilizer treatments at doses of 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1, and 300 kg ha-1 did not significantly affect to growth and yield of Red Onions. There was not interaction between the rice husk charcoal and KCl fertilizer treatments.

Correlation and path coefficient analyses of tuber yield and yield components among potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes at Bekoji, Southeastern Ethiopia

The aim of the experiment was to determine the correlations between tuber yield and yield components and to measure the direct and indirect effects of yield components on tuber yield of potato genotypes. The experiment was conducted using eleven potato genotypes with one standard check variety (Belete) and a local check at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Bekoji sub-station during 2020-2021. Data were collected for tuber yield, tuber dry matter content (%), plant height (cm), stem number, specific gravity, and phenological parameters. Since the two seasons had heterogeneous error variance, analysis was carried out separately. In 2020, correlation analysis indicated that the tuber yield was positively and significantly associated with stem height (0.608), marketable tuber (0.997) and positively associated with tuber dry matter content, stem number per plant, days to maturity, while it was negatively correlated with specific gravity, days to emergence and days to flowering at the genotypic level. Total tuber yield was positively and significantly correlated with days to maturity (0.640), stem height (0.791), marketable tuber (0.977) and stem number at the genotypic level. While specific gravity was positively and significantly correlated at the phenotypic level; and negatively at the genotypic level in the second season. Results of path analyses indicated that marketable tubers had the highest positive direct effect (+1.059) on total tuber yield followed by days to flowering (+0.057) and specific gravity (+0.026) in 2020 while marketable tuber (0.7107), stem height (0.2842), tuber dry matter content (0.0078), days to maturity (0.1250) had also positive direct effect in 2021. In addition, most of the indirect effects of yield components on tuber yield were significant and positive. Significant effects of marketable tuber, tuber dry matter content, days to maturity and stem height on total tuber yield, indicated that they could be used as the criteria for potato improvement and breeding programs. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 144-154, December 2022

Impact of Crop Sequence and Fertilization on Potato Yield in a Long-Term Study.

The research was conducted during the years 2007-2013, on the base of a long-term study established in 1958, at the Experimental Station Brody (52°26' N; 16°18' E), belonging to the Poznań University of Life Sciences. Varieties of potatoes resistant to cyst nematodes were grown in a seven-course crop rotation (potato-spring barley-alfalfa-alfalfa-spring oilseed rape-winter wheat-winter rye) and in continuous monoculture. The presented study from the years 2007-2013 covers the next 8th rotation of the 7-field crop rotation (since 1958). With regard to continuous cultivation, this is the period between the 50th and 56th year of the potato monoculture. The experiment included 11 fertilization variants, of which the following 7 were included in the study: 1-control object without fertilization, 2-manure, 3-manure + NPK, 4-NPKCa, 5-NPK, 6-NP, 7-NK and 8-PK. Every year, mineral and organic fertilization was applied in the following doses per 1 ha: N-90 kg, P-26 kg, K-100 kg, manure-30 t and Ca-0.7 t. Potato cultivation in monoculture resulted in a significant reduction in tuber yield compared to crop rotation and a reduction in the number of tubers per plant and the average weight of one tuber. Manure fertilization, especially in combination with NPK mineral fertilizer, had a more favorable effect on the level of potato yielding and the content of N, P, K and Mg in tubers compared to only mineral fertilization, but decreased the content of dry matter, starch and Ca. The results of long-term experiment indicate that the most effective in potato cultivation is the combined application of both manure and full mineral fertilization (NPK) with the proper sequence of plants (crop rotation).

Effects of Combination of Copper Fungicide and Plant Activator on Late Blight and Quality Criteria of Potato

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most important fungal diseases that cause damage to both the green parts and tuber of the potato plant and limits potato cultivation. Systemic fungicides are mostly preferred by farmers in the control of potato late blight. The fact that systemic fungicides cause health problems in terms of human and environmental health has revealed the need for research on control methods that do not threaten environmental health. In recent years, successful results have been obtained in the control of many diseases with plant activators known as Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) promoters. This study was carried out in the spring season of 2016-2017 to observe the effect of copper fungicide and plant activator (Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product) combination on the control of potato late blight disease and some quality criteria of potato tubers in the experimental plots of Ege University Ödemiş Vocational School in Ödemiş district of İzmir province. The experiment was planned as two separate experiments with Marabel and Melody potato cultivars. The experiment was established according to a split-plot experimental design with four replications. In this study, the effect of the treatments on potato quality and yield criteria such as tuber number, tuber width, tuber length, single tuber weight, yield per decare, and the effects of the pesticides on potato late blight disease and disease severity parameters were evaluated. When the data obtained as a result of the study were evaluated, it was determined that the combination application had a positive effect on the control of potato late blight disease in both potato cultivars compared to the control plots. When the quality criteria of potato tubers were evaluated, the highest number of tubers was obtained from the plots where copper fungicide and plant activator (Isr-2000) combination was applied. Significant increase was obtained in potato quality and yield criteria such as tuber width, tuber length, average tuber weight and yield per decare when the combination plots were compared with the control plots. In conclusion, the use of contact fungicides and plant activator combinations in the control of late blight in the spring period within the scope of sustainable agriculture is promising as an application alternative in the control of plant diseases in organic agriculture.

YIELD EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF POTATO IN BAJHANG DISTRICT OF NEPAL

A field experiment was carried out in Bithadchir rural municipality of Bajhang district, Nepal in 2021 in the title “Yield evaluation of different varieties of potato in Bajhang district”. The experiment was carried out to find out the best varieties for the hills and high-hills of Nepal based on their availability, suitability and previous record of performance and to assist the farmers to increase the potato production and ensure their food security. One factorial RCBD experimental design was used to evaluate the yield of different varieties. The varieties used as a treatments are Cardinal, Desire, Axona, Blue Danube and Bajhang Local. The results from our experiment shows that cardinal had maximum tuber weight per plant (515.75 gm), highest large grade tuber percentage (37.95%) and also the highest productivity (29.47 t/ha). Moreover, highest number of tubers (14.55) with maximum medium grade tuber percentage (34.71%) was found in Bajhang local. Similarly, being a native variety of the region, the growth parameters (number of main stems per hill, leaves and leaflet numbers, and canopy diameter) and also some yield parameters (number of tubers per plant, tuber size grade) of Bajhang local were also impressive. Therefore, the findings of our research conclude that Cardinal is the best variety under study in terms of yield and variety Bajhang local cultivation should also be promoted due to its wide adaptability in the existing local microclimate.

Reflective mulch films a boon for enhancing crop production: A review

Mulches are materials that are put to the surface of the soil for a variety of reasons. Plastic mulches of various colours have been developed and employed in a variety of agricultural production methods. Colored plastic mulches are used to modify the radiation budget and prevent soil water loss. It also helps with weed and insect infestation, as well as soil temperature regulation, water efficiency, plant development, yield, and quality. This paper reviews and discusses the understanding and prospective application of coloured plastic mulches to improve soil physical attributes growth, yield, and crop quality. Colored plastic mulches' effectiveness in minimising the detrimental impacts of environmental stress on crops is also explored. The impact of coloured plastic mulches on soil temperature has been documented by several researchers to vary from area to area and crop to crop. Various physicochemical mechanisms have also described that result in increased crop productivity when coloured plastic mulches are employed. Colored plastic mulches have a significant impact on soil temperature, moisture, and water holding capacity, according to the study. Clear and white plastics lower the temperature of the soil, but black and blue plastics raise it. A higher number of fruits, roots, tubers, and bulbs were produced when coloured plastic mulches were used. TSS, Vitamin C, and the proportion of liquid in diverse plants all improved significantly. Infestation of weeds and viral diseases has also been found to be significantly reduced. Reduced plant growth and yield, increased pest infestation, microplastic pollution, soil puddling, soil structural loss, and reduced soil-microorganism activity are some of the disadvantages of coloured plastic mulches. As a result, using coloured plastic mulches demands a detailed investigation of interactions with factors such as cropping season, root zone temperature, crop type, insect pest infestation, and water use efficiency.

Sustainable Intensification of Cassava Production towards Food Security in the Lomami Province (DR Congo): Role of Planting Method and Landrace

Cassava is a mainstay crop for food security in Africa, its tubers being a large source of carbohydrates for the human diet. In some regions (e.g., the Democratic Republic of the Congo; DRC), leaves are also consumed as a source of proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Cassava adapts well to a range of soil-climate conditions and requires low inputs, yet yields are often unsatisfactory because of failures in disseminating improved genotypes and agricultural practices. The aim of this study was to test the effect of (i) seedbed preparation for planting cassava (i.e., flat, mounds, and ridges) and (ii) local landraces (i.e., Kakuanga, Kasongoy, Kasonie, Ndunda, and Ngoymuamba) on yield components and their nutritional quality in the Lomami province (DRC). In-depth measurements of yield components were performed, including the number of tubers and stems per plant, leaf biomass, stem biomass, root yield, and peeling yield. Tubers and leaves were also analyzed for chemical composition. Our results demonstrated that mound and ridge seedbed preparations may highly increase tuber yield (+32–68%) compared with flat. This is not the case for leaves and stems, which were not affected. The Ngoymuamba landrace showed a tuber yield about three times larger than Ndunda, which represented the common productivity values (5–8 Mg ha−1). No effect of seedbed preparation was observed and only minor differences between landraces were observed for the chemical composition of roots and leaves. We concluded that selecting the best-performing seedbed preparations × landraces could have a significant potential for achieving in a relatively short time the goal of “Zero Hunger” and improving the diet in the DRC.

Begoniafimbristipulasubsp.siamensis (sect. Diploclinium, Begoniaceae), a new taxon of the megadiverse genus endemic to Thailand.

The genus Begonia has not only been recognised to be one of the mega-diverse plant genera but also as one found to comprise many undiscovered species. In particular, the increase of extensive field surveys in tropical regions of Southeast Asia has added to the discovery of many new species that are often found only in a few localities. In this study, the new taxon Begoniafimbristipulasubsp.siamensissubsp. nov. from Thailand is described. The Thailand accessions are highly similar in their morphology to accessions of B.fimbristipula from southern China but differ in their tuber shape, peduncle trichomes, petiole trichomes and number of female tepals. The new taxon has been found only in the northern parts of Thailand occurring at elevations above 1,300 meters. The new findings not only contribute to our knowledge of the plant diversity of Thailand but provide also critical information contributing to the protection of this species. In China, this species is endangered which is of special concern given its utilisation as a medical herb in traditional Chinese medicine. Considering IUCN Red List Categories, the new subspecies is considered to be Vulnerable. The disjunct distribution of the two subspecies of B.fimbristipula encourages urgently needed comparative taxonomic studies across the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.

Cool Soil Increases Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Tuber Number in Multiple Varieties and Alters Skin Color Intensity of ‘Red Norland’ and ‘Adirondack Blue’

Cool Soil Increases Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Tuber Number in Multiple Varieties and Alters Skin Color Intensity of ‘Red Norland’ and ‘Adirondack Blue’

Pengaruh Plant Catalyst dan POC Kotoran Kambing Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Kucai (Allium Chinense G. Don)

ABSTRACT
 This reseach is aim Response of Plant Catalyst and Goat Dung Liquid Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Production of Allium chinense G. Don. In Implementation for four months from Mei to Augurt 2021. Reseach sites on Bung Tomo street Gang Surya Indah RT 23 Sungai Keledang Village, Samarinda Seberang District, Samarinda City. East Kalimantan Province The research design used a randomized completely block design (RCBD) repeate three times. plant catalyst four level and growing medium four. The fist factor is Plant Catalyst 2006 (P) : P0 = without Plant Catalyst 2006 (Control), P1 = 0.5 g Plant Catalyst 2006 per liter of water, P2 = 1 g Plant Catalyst 2006 per liter of water, P3 = 1,5 g Plant Catalyst 2006 per liter of water and the second factor is the Goat Dung Liquid Organic Fertilizer (K), namely: Goat Dung Liquid Organic Fertilizer K0 =o ml/water , K1 = 5 ml/ L water (3:1), K2 = 10 ml / L water, K3 = 15 ml/ L water
 The results showed that the application of Plant Catalyst fertilizer (P) had no significant effect on all observation variables, the application of POC goat manure (K) had a significant effect on the observed variables for the number of bulbs and bulb weight of Allium tuberosum bulbs with K3 treatment (15 ml / liter of water) which gave the results the best. The interaction of the application of Plant Catalyst fertilizer and POC manure had a significant effect on the observed variables on the number of Allium chinense G. Don bulbs, but had no significant effect on the variables observed for the number of leaves, bulb volume and weight of Allium tuberosum bulbs, P2K1 treatment (1 gram/ltr of water and 5 ml/ltr of water). ) which gives the best results
 The results showed of plant Catalyst treatment non signifint and growing media treatment higly signifint. effect on the number of leaves 28 DAP, 42 DAP, 56 DAP, 70 DAP, number of tubers 70 DAP, root length 70 DAP, and tuber wet weight 70 DAP. The best treatment is growing medium that is top soil and goad manure (3:1).
 Recommendation to use Goat Dung Liquid Organic Fertilizer 15 ml / liter of water for the cultivation of Allium chinense G. Don. 
 Key word : plant catalyst, Goat Dung Liquid Organic Fertilizer, Allium chinense G. Don.

Somaclonal Variation for Genetic Improvement of Starch Accumulation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Tubers.

Starch content is one of the major quality criteria targeted by potato breeding programs. Traditional potato breeding is a laborious duty due to the tetraploid nature and immense heterozygosity of potato genomes. In addition, screening for functional genetic variations in wild relatives is slow and strenuous. Moreover, genetic diversity, which is the raw material for breeding programs, is limited due to vegetative propagation used in the potato industry. Somaclonal variation provides a time-efficient tool to breeders for obtaining genetic variability, which is essential for breeding programs, at a reasonable cost and independent of sophisticated technology. The present investigation aimed to create potato somaclones with an improved potential for starch accumulation. Based on the weight and starch content of tubers, the somaclonal variant Ros 119, among 105 callus-sourced clones, recorded a higher tuberization potential than the parent cv Lady Rosetta in a field experiment. Although this somaclone was similar to the parent in the number of tubers produced, it exhibited tubers with 42 and 61% higher fresh and dry weights, respectively. Additionally, this clone recorded 10 and 75% increases in starch content based on the dry weight and average content per plant, respectively. The enhanced starch accumulation was associated with the upregulation of six starch-synthesis-related genes, namely, the AGPase, GBSS I, SBE I, SBE II, SS II and SS III genes. AGPase affords the glycosyl moieties required for the synthesis of amylose and amylopectin. GBSS is required for amylose elongation, while SBE I, SBE II, SS II and SS III are responsible for amylopectin.

The Determination of Nitrogen Concentration in the G2 Potato Seed Production on Fertigation System

The nitrogen concentration of AB mix fertilizer in the G2 fertigation system in the field would be influenced by various factors. This research aimed to increase the production of the G2 potato seed by using different concentrations of nitrogen in AB mix fertilizer in the fertigation system. The study was carried out in the G2 seed production area, Lembang, West Java, Indonesia from January to April 2019. The study used a randomized group design with four nitrogen concentrations in AB mix hydroponic fertilizer, namely 200, 215, 230, 245 ppm, and common AB mix (control) with five replications. The results showed that the number of big tubers of all nutrition formulas was higher than the control. The nitrogen concentration treatment increased the number of large tubers, small tubers, and total number of tubers, and decreased the weight per tuber compared to control. The best concentration to get the total number of tubers, small and large tuber, and weight per tuber was 217 ppm. The total number of tubers was affected by 93% by the number of small tubers. Meanwhile, the number of large tubers affected 78% of the tuber weight per plant.

Decline in tuber number and weight of potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L) associated with drought in 2020 and 2021 in a humid region of eastern Hokkaido

The objectives of this study were to verify changes in potato tuber number and weight under climatic variations in a cool region in Japan. We investigated potato growth over a 3-year period from 2019, establishing plots with different planting times and maturity types. In 2020, early planting encountered dryness during the tuber formation period after sprouting, which significantly reduced tuber numbers. Temperature was identified as the main factor contributing to the annual variation in potato yield, largely due to unusually high temperatures during the study period. In 2021, hot and dry conditions in early summer (mid to late July) corresponded to the tuber bulking period and reduced the yield owing to light tuber weight regardless of the planting time and variety. The present study provided insights into the variability of yield components in potato by focusing on drought effects, weather, and cultivation factors, which vary substantially.

Various Modified Treatments on Improving G0 Seed Multiplication in Potato

Many tubers are needed for the production of G0 potato seeds because potato seeds are sold in units of quantity. This research aimed to increase the number of tubers in G0 potato seed production. The study was conducted in a plastic house in Lembang, West Bandung, West Java from October 2017 to January 2018. The study used a randomized block design with six replications. The treatments tested were control (A), application of gibberellins (B), cutting of planlet cuttings followed by application of gibberellins (C), application of paclobutrazole (D), and application of paclobutrazole followed by gibberellins (E). Data were analyzed by F test and continued with orthogonal contrast, and correlation test at 95% confidence level and PCA biplot. The results showed that various introduced treatments failed in increasing the number of tuber total. However, the results of PCA biplot showed that C and D treatments were potential to be studied further by increasing the size of small tubers due to their greater number of tubers in total.