Assessment of the Influence of the Preplant Treatment of Potatoes with Nanobiological Preparations on Crop Quality

Abstract

A lack of mineral nutrition, including trace elements, and plant diseases can cause a low crop yield and poor quality of potatoes leading to crop-yield losses of up to 30–50%. Nanobiopreparations containing copper, iron, molybdenum, and magnesium nanoparticles (NPs) in a polymer film formed from a mixture of Na-carboxymethylcellulose and polyethylene glycol-400 are prepared to solve these problems. The preparations with trace-metal NPs in various concentrations are tested under laboratory conditions according to the following parameters: the number of shoots per tuber, and the length and weight of sprouts. Complex preparations are obtained for field tests: polymer + 10–9% Cu NPs + 10–5% B NPs + 10–6% Mo NPs + 10–5% Mg NPs and polymer + 10–9% Cu NPs. Field tests in 2021 showed that the preplant treatment of tubers with these preparations increased their gross yield by 3.3 and 3.6%, the number of standard tubers by 1.5 and 2.9%, and the yield of healthy potatoes by 5.4 and 6.2% compared to the control, respectively. At the same time, the prevalence of alternariosis decreased by 1.4–1.5 times, and the degree of damage by 2.9 times (after treatment with the composition of NPs) and 1.7 times (after Cu NPs) compared with the control. The spread of rhizoctoniosis decreased by two and three times compared with the control, respectively. The consumer properties of potato tubers of the new crop were assessed with a general quality index of ≥ 4.