Tuber Length Research Articles

A pilot study: Can calcaneus radiographic image be used to determine sex and breed in cats?

This study examined whether radiographic images measurements of the calcaneus in cats are determinative of sex and breed. For this purpose, radiographic images of 70 cats (37 male and 33 females) of different ages (from one to 18 years) and different breeds (41 mix‐breed, 18 Scottish Fold and 11 British Shorthair cats) without orthopaedic problems were used. Right tarsal joint radiographs of these orthopaedically healthy cats were taken. Four linear measurements and two angle values of the calcaneus were obtained from the radiographic images. The MANOVA result showed that the most determining factor between the three groups was the greatest width (p value = 0.001). Calcaneal body length, calcaneal greatest length and calcaneal shortest depth were higher in mix‐breed cats. Calcaneal tuber length was higher in Scottish Fold cats. The only statistically significant difference between Scottish Fold and British Shorthair was in the calcaneal tuber length (p value = 0.04). In the comparison made between the sexes regardless of species, the linear measurements in males were higher than in females. It was determined that these parameters are statistically significant in terms of sex differentiation in cats. Dorsal and plantar calcaneal angles are not sex determinants in cats. The effect of age on other measurements was analysed by correlation test. However, the effect of age on the measurements was not statistically significant. Mix‐breed cats were examined in four groups according to their colour (grey, black‐white, yellow, tri‐colour). No statistically significant difference was found between calcaneal measurements of cats with different skin colour genotypes. In this study, calcaneus measurements were both determinative between breeds and sexes in cats.

Response of Yam (Dioscorea alata) to the Application of Rhizophagus irregularis and Potassium Silicate under Salinity Stress

Yam (Dioscorea alata) is a tropical plant that is considered critical for food security. The use of high fertilizer, low soil fertility, and insect pest infestation reduce yam tuber yield and quality. The present study was performed to determine the effect of potassium silicate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on yam cultivated under salinity stress. This study revealed that the combination of Rhizophagus irregularis (AMF) and Potassium silicate was more effective than their individual application on yam and were beneficial for overall analyzed characters. We observed the days to emergence and the average days to first leaf emergence decreased by 33.46% and 26.78%, respectively, the number of leaves increased by 45.23%, number of sprouts per seed tuber by 50%, vine length by 60.8%, vine length at harvest by 40.53%, the average leaf width by 53.79%, petiole length by 31.74%, tuber length by 43.84%, average diameter of tuber by 56.58%, and average number of tuber per vine by 46.15% in T5 treated plants. We also recorded that starch content increased by 21.89%, ascorbic acid by 61.51%, average moisture by 8.36%, TSS by 50%, and total sugar by 69.53% in T5 treated plants. The total phenol was found to be 1.53% higher in T3 applied plants, while the dry matter was 36.37% higher in T5 treatment. Furthermore, the enzymatic evaluation of MDA in leaves was found to be enhanced by 142% in T2. The enzyme 8-OHdG from the leaves sample was reported to be increased after T5 by 621.15%. Moreover, the amount of CAT was higher by 53.46% in T2 treated plants. Likewise, the amount of enzyme SOD and POX in leaves of D. alata enhanced by 30.91% and 51.15% T2 treatments respectively.

Utilization of rice straw waste compost to increase growth and production of local sweet potatoes

Sweet potato is a functional food that has potential to be cultivated in paddy fields after rice harvesting. Rice straw has the potential to become waste that can pollute the environment. Efforts that can be made to overcome these problems are to use rice straw as a raw material for making compost and apply it to sweet potatoes. This study aims to determine the effect of growth and production of local sweet potato genotypes with rice straw compost. The design used in this study was a Randomized Block Design with two factors, namely local genotypes (Cengkeh Turi yellow tubers, Cengkeh Turi orange tubers, and Tanah Seribu orange tubers) and dose of rice straw compost (0, 5, 10, 15 tons/ha). The results of this study showed that the local genotypes were significantly different in vine length, tuber length and average tuber weight. The application of straw compost at various doses significantly affected the increase in vine length, tuber length and average tuber weight. The interaction of local sweet potato genotypes and rice straw compost increased tuber length. The best growth and production was obtained from the local sweet potato genotype Tanah Seribu orange tubers with 10 tons/ha of rice straw compost.

Genetic variability for different quantitative characters in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)

The study was initiated to generate genetic information on important yield contributing characters of sweet potato genotypes maintained in Chhattisgarh. Twenty eight sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas L.)  genotypes were evaluated to estimate the genetic variability for different characters. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The genetic parameters for yield contributing characters of different sweet potato genotypes were studied. Analysis of variance showed significant variation among the genotypes for all tested characters. The highest tuber yield was recorded in genotype Indira Naveen (27.84 t/ha) which was followed by TSP-16-8 (25.42 t/ha), Indira Madhur (25.26 t/ha), Sree Bhadhara (24.81 t/ha) and Sree Rethana (24.48 t/ha). Diameter of tubers, vine length, vine internode length, the number of tubers per plant showed the highest genotypic and phenotypic variation. High heritability was observed for characters viz., dry matter of tubers followed by vine length, vine internode length, starch, TSS of tubers, tubers weight per plant, the number of tubers per plant, vine weight per plant, diameter of tubers, dry matter of foliage, length of tubers, harvest index, tubers yield. Variability in vine length, vine weight, dry matter of foliage, tuber weight per plant and tubers yield present in the genotypes could be used for the improvement of sweet potato. Keyword: Sweet potato, Genetic variability, Heritability, Genetic advance, Tuber yield.

Yam tubers yield and quality subjected to nitrogen doses and staking methods

ABSTRACT Adequate mineral fertilization and staking are necessary to obtain good productivity in yam cultivation. The objective of this study was to determine the increase in yield and quality of yams subjected to nitrogen doses and staking methods. This study was carried out under field conditions using a randomized block design in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, with five nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and three staking methods (wire trellises, single staking, and without staking) with four replicates. Nitrogen doses were applied in topdressing, and split into equal parts at 60 and 90 days after seed tuber planting. Tuber length and weight, starch and leaf nitrogen concentrations, and total and marketable yields were determined. Staking promoted higher total yield, mass, length, and leaf nitrogen concentration, but no changes were observed in starch concentration among the staking methods. Commercial productivity was higher with single staking. Planting yam with staking and a nitrogen dose of 120.70 kg ha-1 is recommended to promote maximum productivity.

ASSESSMENT OF THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF ANGELICA ACUTILOBA KIT. AND SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA BUNGE GROWN IN HONG THAI COMMUNE, NA HANG DISTRICT, TUYEN QUANG PROVINCE

Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa was immigrated to Vietnam in 1990 and Salvia mitiorrhiza Bunge was immigrated to Vietnam in the 1960s from China. Currently, both herbs are grown and developed in various places. They are precious medicinal plants, are important medicinal plants in many traditional medicines. Research results show that tuber diameter is 0.79cm, tuber length is 27.8cm, yield is 68.8g/plant or Salvia mitiorrhiza Bunge; reached 1.80cm in tuber diameter, 19.0cm in tuber length and yield is 16.0g/ plant for the Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa. The main diseases on Salvia mitiorrhiza Bunge are root rot in an extremely common level; for Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa plants, root rot did not appear, but pests mainly included small snails and leaf folders, with a low degree of prevalence. In general, the growth and development ability of these two species are completely suitable with the soil and climate conditions in Na Hang district as well as other localities with similar conditions.

Determination of Agronomic Characteristics as Selection Criteria in Potato Crossing Lines

Vegetative propagation of potato decreases variation in commercially cultivated varieties. Induction of variability in potatoes is needed for crop improvement. Selection is selecting the best individual plants based on the desired characteristics, which will be effective when suitable characteristics are used. The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic characteristics for the selection of potato crossing lines through heritability, genetic variability, and genotypic correlation. The experiment was conducted at the Greenhouse, Sumber Brantas Village, Batu City, East Java. The materials used were 30 potato lines resulting from LJPRSD1 x AP-4. This study was arranged in a complete randomized design (RCD) with three replications. The agronomic characteristics observed include plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, the diameter of tuber, number of tubers, tuber length, weight per tuber, starch, and glucose. Almost all characteristics observed showed high heritability values, except stem diameter and tuber length. The genetic variability in stem diameter, tuber diameter, and tuber length was low, whereas the genetic variability in other characteristics was slightly low. The genotypic correlation was significant between characteristics, except between starch content and weight per tuber. Meanwhile, the agronomic characteristics used for selection are plant height, diameter of tuber, number of tubers.

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Dua Varietas Ubi Kayu pada Empat Dosis Pupuk Npk di Lahan Pasang Surut Kalimantan Selatan

Tidal acid land is a potential land for cassava development. However, the development of cassava in tidal land faces many obstacles, one of which is the low availability of nutrients. This study aimed to determine the effect of NPK fertilizer in increasing the growth and yield of cassava in tidal land. The experiment consisted of two factors, the first factor was two varieties of cassava and the second factor was four levels of NPK fertilizer doses. The experiment was applied in a strip plot design with variety as the horizontal factor and the level of NPK fertilizer as the vertical factor and repeated three times. The growth parameters observed consisted of plant height, stem diameter, plant biomass weight, number of large tubers, number of small tubers, large tuber length, length of small tuber, the diameter of large tuber, the diameter of small tuber, the total number of tubers, the weight of large tuber, the weight of tuber small, and total tuber weight. The results showed that fertilizer application was effective in increasing vegetative growth and yield of cassava but increasing the dose of fertilizer was not effective in increasing the growth and yield of cassava. Differences in varieties generally did not show differences in vegetative growth and some yield components but still showed different results in the components of tuber length and total tuber weight.

Morphology and yield potential of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as influence by NPK fertilizer rates and vine cutting length in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria

The experiment was carried out in the demonstration farm of Federal College of Forestry Jos during the 2019 farming season to determine the effects of NPK fertilizer rates and vine cutting lengths on the growth and yield of sweet potato. The treatments include, three rates of NPK fertilizer (0, 0.2 and 0.4 kg) allocated to the main plot and two vine cutting lengths of (30 and 40 cm) in the sub plot in 3 x 2 factorial split plot design. The parameters assessed includes; number of branches, length of vine, leaf count, leaf area index and vine girth at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after fertilizer application (WAFA) and tuber count, tuber length, and yield weight at harvest. The parameters were subjected to analysis of variance and the means separated using the LSD (Least significant difference) at (p≤0.05). The results on the number of branches shows significant difference at 2 and 6 (WAFA) and at 4 WAFA for both treatments and positive interaction at 8 WAFA. Vine length showed no statistical difference at 4 WAFA, but significance at 2 and 8 WAFA with positive interaction at same weeks. The results on leaf count showed significance across the weeks with fertilizer rates and at 2 WAFA with vine cuttings with no interactions across the trend. The leaf area index showed no statistical difference with all the treatments as indicated. The vine girth showed significant difference across the weeks with fertilizer rates, and at 10 WAFA with the vine cuttings with no interactions. The yield parameters showed significance and positive interaction across with both treatments on tuber count, tuber weight and tuber length respectively. In conclusion, these results indicated that planting sweet potato in Jos plateau with a fertilizer rates of (0.4 kg/2m2 experimental plot) and 40 cm vine length could impact the growth and yield positively.

Nanoparticles as Potential Improvement for Conventional Fertilisation in the Cultivation of Raphanus sativus var. sativus

The use of nanoparticles in fertilisation has confirmed positive effects on plant growth and yield. Simultaneously, there is still little research into the effects of nanoparticles on the antioxidant system of plants. Due to the positive effect of nano zinc oxide on plants and the special property of nano zero-valent iron, these particles were selected for the research. The nano zero-valent iron is crucial for plants as it is present in agglomerations on the surface of roots where it increases the absorptive surface of the rhizosphere and causes elongation of the roots. The study aims to determine the influence of selected nanoparticles as a potential improvement for conventional fertilisation by magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). After the cultivation, the influence of nanoparticles on the accumulation of macronutrients in plant tissues, biometric parameters, and physiological response (chlorophyll and antioxidant system) of radish (Raphanus sativus) were assessed. The solution used in this study helped to increase the content of nitrates (V) in radish roots by 31.7–73.2% compared to conventional fertilisation. Nevertheless, nanoparticles supplementation resulted in a decrease in the concentrations of magnesium, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in plants. The high dose of used fertilisers increased the thickness and length of tubers by approximately 50.0%, compared to the control samples. The “Macro 2 + nano” variant caused an increase of plant biomass up to 70.0%. The analysis of the antioxidant system showed that the application of macronutrients with nanoparticles increased the concentration of polyphenols in plant tubers by 46.0–55.6%. Interestingly, while implemented conditions caused a 1.5-fold increase in CAT activity in leaves, at the same time the decrease in CAT activity in plant roots was observed. Based on the obtained results of the enzymatic antioxidant system and biometric parameters of plants, it can be concluded that (in laboratory conditions) nZVI and nanoZnO are efficient components of fertilisers. However, the effects on other organisms must be investigated before implementing a method for widespread use.

Growth and Yield of Three Carrot Plant Cultivar on Different Planting Distance

The selling price of high-quality carrot has a higher selling price compared to the low-quality carrot. Setting plant distance and planting superior cultivars can improve yield quality. This study aims to study the interaction of carrot plant cultivars and plant spacing on the growth and yield of carrot plants. The study was conducted in June 2016-September 2016 in Pasirhalang-Cisarua-West Bandung (1,100 m asl). The experimental research method used in this study uses a split-plot design. The main plot is carrot plant cultivars (v1=Kuroda EW Select, v2=New Kuroda, v3=Red Judy) and subplots are spacing (j1=7.5 cm x 7.5 cm, j2=10 cm x 10 cm, j3=12.5 cm x 12.5 cm, j4=15 cm x 15 cm) each experiment unit is repeated three times each. Growth and yield parameters observed were plant height, crown width, plant dry weight, tuber length, and fresh weight of carrot. Data from observations were then analyzed using variance at 5% significance level, and Duncan’s mean difference test at 5% significance level. The results showed that the spacing of 15 cm x 15 cm and cultivar Kuroda EW Select produced the highest growth and yield of carrot plants. The selection of carrot plant cultivars and spacing can increase crop yields.

RESPONS PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI DUA VARIETAS UBI JALAR TERHADAP PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI SUMBER KALIUM

The research was conducted at Tanjung Anom Subdistrict of Pancur Batu, Deli Serdang District of Medan, North Sumatera with an altitude of ± 25 meters above sea level from April until August 2017, using group randomized design with two factors, i.e : varieties (Beta 1 and Local Perbaungan) and sources of potassium (control, KCl, biochar, empty palm fruit bunch). The result showed that the treatment of two varieties had significant effect on tuber length parameters per sample, biomass weight per sample, tuber weight, and plant biomass weight, that the highest yield was obtained in Beta 1 treatment. The sources of potassium significantly affect all parameters of the study the interaction of the treatment of varieties and the provision of various types of potassium sources significantly affected all parameters, where the number of tubers and tuber weight per sample of treatment was highest in the treatment of Beta 1 varieties with KCl.

Rain water use efficiency of sweet potato under cattle-cud mulches in Uyo, Nigeria

Rain Water Use Efficiency (RWUE) of sweet potato under cattle-cud mulches was investigated with the aim of identifying appropriate cattle-cud mulch rates for managing the fragile soils of the humid tropics to ensure sustained productivity of sweet potato. Experimental units measuring 9m2 each were used and sweet potato vines were planted at the spacing of 1 x 0.5m2. Cattle-cud mulches at rates of M0, M10, M20 and M30 tons ha-1 were administered to the different plots. Yield parameters of sweet potatoes as well as rainfall data for the period were collected. Data were assessed using the Analysis of Variance and correlation analyses were also performed to determine the relationships between soil and crop parameters. Results showed that RWUE of 2.38 from M30 plot was significantly higher than other treatments. This correlated with significantly (P<0.05) high tuber girth (19.0cm), tuber length (21.0cm), marketable size (32.33 cm) and number of tuber yield (60.50). Also, organic matter content of the soil receiving M10 (3.60%) and M20 (3.04%) cattle-cud mulches were significantly higher than M0 (2.96%). The use of cattle-cud as a mulch material significantly increased RWUE and also improved the yield and yield component of sweet potato.

Growth and production of Cilembu sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) varieties in the highlands with potassium fertilizer and pruning treatments

The efforts to increase the productivity of sweet potatoes is applying of potassium and pruning treatments. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of potassium fertilizer and pruning treatments on the growth and production of Cilembu sweet potato varieties in the highlands (1.340 m above sea level). The study was conducted at “Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran” (Vegetable Crops Research Institute), Tongkoh Village, Berastagi – Tanah Karo on September 2018 - March 2019, using a factorial randomized block design. The first factor was potassium fertilizer (0; 7; 14 and 21 g KCl/plant) and the second factor was pruning (without pruning; pruning till 3 tendrils; pruning till 2 tendrils and pruning till 1 tendril). The result of the research showed the treatment of potassium (7-21 g/plant) significantly increased the tuber size compared to without potassium fertilizer. The combination of 7 g KCl/plant and pruning till 2 tendrils treatments significantly increased the length of the main tendrils at 10-11 week after planting and tuber length per sample. While the combination of 14 g KCl/plant and pruning till 3 tendrils treatments produced the highest tuber weight per plot.

PENGARUH PERBEDAAN DOSIS LARUTAN PUPUK NPK MAJEMUK TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PERTUMBUHAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)

This research aims to determine the type of shallot variety and the correct dosage for maximum growth and yield of shallot plants. The research method used an experimental method with the experimental design used was a single factor randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 6 treatments, namely A (Sembrani Variety and 100). ml/polybag), B (Sembrani variety and 120 ml/polybag), C (Sembrani variety and 140 ml/polybag), D (Mente's variety and 100 ml/polybag), E (Mente's variety and 120 ml/polybag), and F (Mente's variety and 140 ml/polybag) was repeated 4 times so that there were a total of 24 experimental units. The effect of the treatment was analyzed using variance and if the F test at the 5% level was significant, then to find out the best treatment was continued with the DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) further test at the 5% level. The results showed that there was a significant effect on the types of shallot varieties with different dosages of NPK compound, on all research parameters. Treatment E gave the highest yield at plant height (44.49 cm), the weight of fresh tubers with leaves/clump (7.11 g), the weight of fresh tubers with leaves/plot (19.93 g), the weight of dry tubers with leaves/clump (5.90 g), weight dry tubers with leaves/plot (16.35 g). While treatment D gave the highest yield on the number of tillers (3.14), the number of leaves (6.97), the number of tubers (3.14). Treatment C gave the highest yield on tuber diameter (22.58 mm) and treatment A tuber length (31.48 mm).

Agro morphological diversity of Yams (Dioscorea spp.) Landraces from Southwest Ethiopia assessed through quantitative and qualitative traits

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are an important crop widely cultivated for food, feed and medicine in different areas of the world. Knowledge on genetic diversity among yam landraces is essential for breeding and conservation strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the level of genetic diversity present among yam landraces using morphological traits. Thirty-six yam landraces were phenotyped at at Jimma Agricultural Research Center during 2015/16 growing season. The experiment was laid out in 6x6 simple lattice design with two replications. Data were collected on nine quantitative and ten qualitative traits, and subjected to hierarchal cluster, correlation and principal component analyses. A dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. Tuber fresh weight showed a positive and significant association with tuber length and tuber diameter. The principal component analysis revealed five important principal components that accounted for 56.9% of the total variation observed among landraces. Principal components 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, correlated with leaf length, leaf width and vine length A dendrogram revealed three main clusters of landraces. The most diverse landraces identified were 27/02, 21/02, 06/2000 and 68/02, which are useful for breeding and conservation. The diversity observed among the yam landraces could be useful in improvement of yams for various traits.

IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAN AGRONOMI BEBERAPA VARIETAS BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) DI DATARAN TINGGI

The different varieties used are the same growing environment will provide an overview of the application of varieties. The different varieties used are aimed at seeing the right variety for planting in the highlands as well as a better appearance. The research was carried out in the home screen of the experimental garden of the Vegetable Research Institute located in Cikole Village, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency. From September to December 2020. The research method used was a single factor randomized block design (RBD) with 9 replications. Treatment 3 was A (Bima Brebes variety), B (Pancasona variety), and C (Violetta-2 variety) so there were 27 experimental units. Treatment analysis with analysis test and analysis test 5% is significant, so to see the best treatment with the Least Significant Different (LSD) test at the 5% level. The results showed that there was a significant effect of varieties on plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, tuber length, tuber diameter, wet tuber weight per plant, wet tuber weight per plot and dry tuber weight per plot. Treatment C (Violetta-2 variety) gave the highest yield in plants (49.81 cm), number of leaves (16.76), tuber length (26.60 mm), tuber diameter (20.69 mm), wet tuber weight. per plant (20.72 grams), wet tuber weight per plot (60.14 grams), and dry tuber weight per plot (49.81 grams). Meanwhile, treatment B (Pancasona variety) gave the highest yield in the number of tillers (4.59 tillers). Keywords : Agronomy, Highlands, Morphology, Shallots, Varieties

GROWTH AND YIELD INDICES OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT UTILISSIMA) AND SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT TRADITIONAL TILLAGE PRACTICES IN A HUMID ENVIRONMENT

The study was conducted to assess the effects of traditional tillage practices namely No-till, Ridge-till and Mound-till, on cassava growth parameters and soil physico-chemical properties. It was a factorial experiment laid out in a randomised complete block design replicated 3-times. The factors were the 3-tillage methods and cassava plant as a test crop. Data collected on soil properties include the particle size distribution, soil bulk density, soil water content, hydraulic conductivity, soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable bases, while data collected on plant growth and yield indices include; plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, number of tubers, tuber length and weight of tubers. The data were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months but cumulated at 12 months after planting. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and relationship between cassava tuber yield and some soil properties measured. Results of the study showed that there was no significant difference between Ridge and Mound-till. The Ridge-till and Mound-till systems significantly influenced plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, tuber weight and total yield of cassava than No-till system, hence were recommended of increased yield of cassava in the study area.

GROWTH AND YIELD INDICES OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT UTILISSIMA) AND SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT TRADITIONAL TILLAGE PRACTICES IN A HUMID ENVIRONMENT

The study was conducted to assess the effects of traditional tillage practices namely No-till, Ridge-till and Mound-till, on cassava growth parameters and soil physico-chemical properties. It was a factorial experiment laid out in a randomised complete block design replicated 3-times. The factors were the 3-tillage methods and cassava plant as a test crop. Data collected on soil properties include the particle size distribution, soil bulk density, soil water content, hydraulic conductivity, soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable bases, while data collected on plant growth and yield indices include; plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, number of tubers, tuber length and weight of tubers. The data were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months but cumulated at 12 months after planting. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and relationship between cassava tuber yield and some soil properties measured. Results of the study showed that there was no significant difference between Ridge and Mound-till. The Ridge-till and Mound-till systems significantly influenced plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, tuber weight and total yield of cassava than No-till system, hence were recommended of increased yield of cassava in the study area.

Optimize of emergence speed and productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by using different cover treatments

This study was conducted at Tikrit University, Iraq during the spring season of 2019 to investigate the effect of different cover treatments 1. Plastic cover for 45 days from planting. 2. Plastic cover for 45 days from planting, then cover with saran only 45 days before harvest. 3. Cover with saran only for 45 days before harvesting. 4. Control treatment (without cover) on speed emergence, growth and yield of two potato cultivars (Montreal an Laperla). The obtained data indicated that the highest values for tuber length, tuber weight and tuber hardness were achieved for Laperla. However, Plastic cover gave significantly increment in speed emergence and plant height reach up 37% and 33%, respectively. Whereas, Saran cover showed significantly increment in total yield and percentage of marketable yield reach up 15.57% and 11.60%, respectively. In a view of the interactions between cultivars and the other treatments, saran interacted with Laperla reflected the highest increment in total yield per hectare was 31%, compared to interaction treatment between same cultivar but without cover. In general, results declared that using saran treatment in top side only, during formation of tuber, for Laperla cultivar led to the highest productivity of potato.