TSH Hormone Research Articles

Subchronic intraperitoneal toxicity of Sio2NPs on body weight and thyroid gland hormones in female Rats

This study investigated the toxicity effect of Sio2NPs on body weight and thyroid gland in female rats; the experiment was included. The experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups, including two treatment groups ( treated with a low dose (25mg/Kg ) and high dose (100mg/Kg of body weight) of sio2 NPs and one group as a control. Each group of them was divided into three subgroups according to the injection periods of exposure (10, 20, and 30) days daily, then measure the body weight and Thyroid function hormones (T3, T4, TSH), the results showed that there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the body weight of animals that exposed to SiO2 NPs at two doses (25 and 100 mg/kg) during (10 days) while increased during (20, 30 days) but the highest value recorded in the animals that were treated for (30 days) at both doses. On the other side, the T3 findings recorded a significant decrease (p< 0.05) for the animals that exposed to SiO2 NPs at low and high doses (25 and 100 mg/kg) (during (10 days) when compared with the control group As well as, there was a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in the level of T3 for all animals that treated with these doses during (20 and 3 days) in serum of animals that were treated with both doses of SiO2 NPs when compared with the control group (p< 0.05), while T4 showed s decreasing in the treated group during (10 and 20, 30 days) compared to a control group with highly significant ((p< 0.05), finally while TSH showed a highly increasing in treated group during (10 and 20, 30 days) compared to control group (p< 0.05). The study revealed that Exposure to Sio2NPs at different concentrations caused structural and functional and in the thyroid gland, characterized decrease in T3 and T4 hormone levels and an increase in the TSH hormone level and caused hypothyroidism This led to a decrease in the metabolism process and thus the body weight of animals gained a significant increase. Keywords: nanoparticles, Sio2NPs, Thyroid gland, T3, T4, TSH, Body weight, female rats.

A mathematical algorithm to harmonize measurements for thyroid-stimulating hormone between instruments

BackgroundThyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is measured differently between diagnostic units using different devices, which makes cross-comparisons challenging. Here, we have developed a mathematical algorithm to harmonize TSH measurements between 2 instruments, the Abbott ISR2000 and the Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP. MethodsApplying the principle of the maximum allowable error between the standard curve and real signal values, the minimum number of comparison samples required for TSH hormone detection was calculated for both instruments. Next, a mathematical algorithm describing the relationship between TSH standard curves from both instruments was established. The algorithm was then tested on sample measurements from both instruments, with signals transformed to Siemens ADVIA Centuar XP-type data. Finally, test results were assessed where the relative error was <half of the total allowable error (1/2 TEa). ResultsBefore conversion, the mean percentage error between the TSH results of samples measured on both instruments was 23.20% (>1/2 TEa). After algorithmic transformation, the average percentage error was reduced to 7.93% (<1/2 TEa). ConclusionsOur algorithm enables TSH measurements across different instruments to be comparable, and provides a method to harmonize TSH data between laboratories that utilize different instrumentation.

Bisphenol analogues induce thyroid dysfunction via the disruption of the thyroid hormone synthesis pathway

Bisphenol analogues are widely used in industrial and daily-use consumer products having imperfect thyroid hormones (THs) structures. Widespread exposure interferes with thyroid-related health outcomes in human. The mechanisms of disruption on TH synthesis and subsequent thyroid dysfunction by different bisphenol analogues remain unclear. Here, we evaluated bisphenol-induced thyroid endocrine disruption in C57BL/6 mice at doses of 0.002, 0.02, 2, and 20 mg/kg body weight/day (BW/d) for five consecutive weeks. Administration of 20 mg/kg BW/d bisphenol S (BPS) and 2 mg/kg BW/d tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) significantly increased serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels to 1.21-fold and 1.20-fold of control group, respectively, indicating that bisphenols induced thyroid dysfunction in mice. Height of the thyroid follicle epithelium significantly increased to 1.27-, 1.24-, 1.26-, and 1.36-fold compared to control group with BPA, BPS, TBBPA, and TBBPS at 20 mg/kg BW/d, respectively, indicating impairment of the thyroid gland structure, and TBBPS showed potent effect. Exposure to bisphenol analogues of 0.02 mg/kg BW/d downregulated the protein expression levels of thyrotropin receptor, the sodium/iodide symporter, thyroperoxidase. The TH-dependent effects were further determined using the T-Screen assay at 10−11 M to 10−5 M concentrations. Bisphenol analogues significantly decreased TH-dependent GH3 cell proliferation, indicating the antagonistic activity of bisphenol analogues. The gene responsible for THs synthesis of thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor and TSH were upregulated, but downregulation of thyroid receptor β was observed. Our results suggest that bisphenol analogues distinctly induce thyroid dysfunction via TH synthesis, implying adverse effect of bisphenol analogues on TH homeostasis and subsequent physiological processes.

Influence of Thyroid Dysfunction on Electrolyte Levels of Outdoor Patients of Tertiary Care Hospitals

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of thyroid dysfunction on serum electrolyte levels in individuals visiting outpatient departments of tertiary care institutes. The study included 88 participants who were divided into five groups: NTF, Hypo-TF, Hyper-TF, NTFT, and HC. The thyroid hormones T3, T4, and TSH and electrolyte levels, were analyzed in the sera obtained from the control and study groups. The results showed a statistically significant variation in thyroid hormone levels among the different study groups of both genders. The Hyper-TF group had higher levels of T3 and T4, while the TSH level was higher in the Hypo-TF group of both genders. The age of the patients and duration of treatment did not significantly affect the thyroid hormones and electrolyte levels of the study groups. The Na+ level was positively correlated with T3 and T4 levels of the control and Hypo-TF groups and TSH of the Hyper-TF group. The K+ level was negatively correlated with the thyroid hormone levels of each group except TSH of the Hyper-TF group. The study found that thyroid dysfunction significantly affected the thyroid hormone levels in male and female patients, which were positively correlated with Na+ level and negatively correlated with K+ level.

Thyroid Hormone Status of School Going Children in An Urban Area of Chattogram, Bangladesh

Background: Thyroid gland is the endocrine organ that secretes hormones namely, Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine hormone (T4). T3 and T4 are released in relation to the message of tropic hormone TSH, by the anterior pituitary. Absences as well as excess of thyroid hormones have harmful impacts on the overall health condition like physical and mental impediment. Poor intelligence leading to poor academic performance is frequently observed in hypothyroid children. The study was aimed to estimate serum T3, T4 and TSH levels of a group of school going children in urban area of Chattogram, Bangladesh. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among school going children (Age: 7-12 years) of Chattogram city between January, 2022 and June 2022. Chattogram based three schools were selected by convenient sampling. A total of 500 blood samples of children were collected and serum T3, T4 and TSH levels were measured. Estimation of T3 and T4 were done by Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and estimation of TSH was done by Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) in the in Vitro laboratory. Results: Among 500 children, the estimated mean ±SD serum T3 hormone level was2.46±0.79 (Range: 1.27-5.51) nmol/L, mean ±SD serum T4 hormone level was 141.99±32.77 (Range: 86.21-239.05) nmol/L and mean ±SD serum TSH hormone level was 1.58±1.04 (Range: 0.30-3.02) mIU/L. Conclusion: Thyroid hormone status of the study group children was found within normal limits. However, regular screening of children is suggested to identify the subclinical and unreported clinical cases, so that theiroptimum growth and development are ensured. IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(2), Dec 2022; 67-69

HEMATOLOGICAL AND THYROID DISTURBANCE IN AN ALGERIAN POPULATION OF CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Objective: Hemodialysis patients suffer in the majority of cases from normocytic normochromic anemia, due to the decrease of erythropoietin production. Thyroid abnormalities are also observed in these patients. They are represented by hypothyroidism which is characterized by low levels of FT3, normal levels of free thyroxine, and often high levels of TSH The objective is to estimate the prevalence of hypothyroidism and anemia in an Algerian population with end-stage chronic renal failure on hemodialysis. Design and method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the Biochemistry laboratory in collaboration with the Hematology laboratory of CPMC. 94 patients with end-stage chronic renal failure . Results and discussion Results: The mean age of our hemodialysis patients was 59.62 years, with a sex ratio of 0.69. Most of our patients (47%) had arterial hypertension (AH) and 20% of patients had diabetes. Our results show a prevalence of normocytic normochromic anemia in 88.30% of hemodialysis patients. The TSH and FT3 hormone assays in our patients revealed a prevalence of hypothyroidism of 38%, with a female predominance. FT3 was low in 24 patients, 12 patients had high TSH levels. The hypothyroid profile was characterized by normal TSH levels associated with low FT3 levels (25% of patients), 12 patients had high TSH levels associated with normal FT3 concentrations. Thyroid abnormalities in chronic hemodialysis patients (CDH) are secondary to hormonal disorders. They are often represented by hypothyroidism. (Captein, 1996). The results of the comparison of the distribution of hypothyroid and anemic patients show an independence of the distribution of the number of cases according to the symptoms of hypothyroidism. Conclusions: The similarity of symptoms between anemic and hypothyroid hemodialysis patients can mislead the clinician if he does not think to measure thyroid hormones, knowing that the therapeutic conduct is different in the two situations, and the impact on the health economy is very important.

Abstract #1407449: Successful Plasma Exchange and Thyroidectomy in Thyroid Storm

Thyroid storm is a severe manifestation of thyrotoxicosis that is defined by hyperthyroidism with multi-organ failure. Typical treatment revolves around decreasing thyroid hormone production and peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. TPE (Therapeutic Plasma Exchange) removes cytokines, antibodies, and thyroid hormones with their bound proteins, but this is mostly a transient option until medications take effect. TPE +/- thyroidectomy is not an ATA (American Thyroid Association) recommended practice but can be considered in individuals. Multiple case reports have been published showing successful resolution of storm with plasmapheresis and surgery if medical management failed or in cases of severe iodine-induced storms. Here, we present a patient in thyroid storm with history of untreated Graves complicated with iodine-induced disease. A 49-year-old male with untreated Graves disease was brought to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident. He underwent multiple contrasted CT studies and found to have several traumatic fractures requiring urgent surgical fixation. In the ER, he was in clinical heart failure with Atrial fibrillation with rapid response, which was treated with an amiodarone drip. He was later found to have suppressed TSH and elevated free thyroid hormones. Full medical treatment for thyroid storm including cholestyramine and steroids was started with initial biochemical improvement for 7 days; however, his thyroid function and clinical status began to deteriorate. During his ICU course, he had worsening Atrial Fibrillation, life-threatening Upper GI bleed with altered mental status which led to his intubation and eventual tracheostomy. We then decided to proceed with TPE and plans for urgent thyroidectomy. He underwent 5 sessions of TPE with nearly a 50% drop in hormones allowing him to be stable enough to undergo a successful total thyroidectomy without surgical complications. Although he did develop presumed catheter associated blood stream infection, it did resolve after antibiotics and central line removal. Soon after, he was discharged to inpatient rehab for ongoing physical therapy. There are currently no ATA guideline recommendations for TPE and thyroidectomy for thyroid storm. In our case, this approach appeared effective in relieving the life-threatening storm our patient presented in. Perhaps, the addition of TPE +/- thyroidectomy after medical treatment failure should be considered earlier for patients with life-threatening thyroid storm and at higher risks for decompensation.

Modelling of the thyroid hormone synthesis as a part of nonlinear reaction mechanism with feedback

The synthesis of thyroid hormones in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis was studied. For this purpose, a reaction model for HPT axis with stoichiometric relations between the main reaction species was postulated. Using the law of mass action, this model has been transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. This new model has been examined by stoichiometric network analysis (SNA) with the aim to see if it possesses the ability to reproduce oscillatory ultradian dynamics founded on the internal feedback mechanism. In particular, a feedback regulation of TSH production based on the interplay between TRH, TSH, somatostatin and thyroid hormones was proposed. Besides, the ten times larger amount of produced T4 with respect to T3 in the thyroid gland was successfully simulated. The properties of SNA in combination with experimental results, were used to determine the unknown parameters (19 rate constants of particular reaction steps) necessary for numerical investigations. The steady-state concentrations of 15 reactive species were tuned to be consistent with the experimental data. The predictive potential of the proposed model was illustrated on numerical simulations of somatostatin influence on TSH dynamics investigated experimentally by Weeke et al. in 1975. In addition, all programs for SNA analysis were adapted for this kind of a large model. The procedure of calculating rate constants from steady-state reaction rates and very limited available experimental data was developed. For this purpose, a unique numerical method was developed to fine-tune model parameters while preserving the fixed rate ratios and using the magnitude of the experimentally known oscillation period as the only target value. The postulated model was numerically validated by perturbation simulations with somatostatin infusion and the results were compared with experiments available in literature. Finally, as far as we know, this reaction model with 15 variables is the most dimensional one that have been analysed mathematically to obtain instability region and oscillatory dynamic states. Among the existing models of thyroid homeostasis this theory represents a new class that may improve our understanding of basic physiological processes and helps to develop new therapeutic approaches. Additionally, it may pave the way to improved diagnostic methods for pituitary and thyroid disorders.

Evaluation of Asprosin Hormone in Hypothyroidism Patients

Asprosin was a novel adipokine that was released by white adipose tissue. It was activated by fasting and attracted to the liver, which allowed the liver to rapidly release glucose into the bloodstream. White adipose tissue was the source of asprosin. When people go on a fast, their blood sugar levels drop, which causes levels of the hormone asprosin to rise. It does this by binding to a G-protein-coupled receptor in the liver known as OR4M1, which in turn activates a cascade that involves the G -protein-cAMP-PKA pathway. Because of this, the glucose that is stored in the liver is released. We anticipate that by investigating the changes that occur in asprosin levels in hypothyroidism patients, we will be able to make a significant addition to the area and fill a gap that has been left unexplored in the anther researches. Eighty patients (women ) ranging in age from 25 to 65 were collected from the National Diabetes Center Al-Mustansiriyah University (Iraq) for the purpose of this study, which was designed as a cross-sectional study to determine the concentrations of serum ( asprosin, thyroid hormone T3 T4 TSH, Fasting blood glucose FBG, and lipid profile( Total cholesterol TCho,Triglycride TG,high density lipoprotein HDL, Low density lipoprotein LDL, Very low density lipoprotein VLDL) . In the period beginning in December 2021 and continuing until March 2022. This particular study included a total of 80 participants, 40 of whom had thyroid disease (hypothyroidism), and 40 healthy individuals who served as controls. When compared to the control group, the findings of this study indicate that the levels of total cholesterol TC, triglycerideTG, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have dramatically increased, whilst the levels of HDL have significantly decreased . A substantial increase in (Fasting blood glucose FBG and Body mass index BMI) levels was also observed, in contrast to the group that served as the control. In patients with hypothyroidism, the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH were considerably greater, while the levels of T3 were significantly lower. The T4 level, however, revealed no significant differences when compared to the control group. In addition, the level of asprosin was found to be high in the hypothyroidism group only contrast to the control group that participated in this research. &#x0D; This current study indicates the hormone asprosin could be helpful early diagnosis in monitoring hypothyroidism patients. hormone asprosin is a marker of glucose homeostasis, so it may be surrogate novel biomarker for all other traditional biomarkers for the prediction of risk factors of diabetes and thyroid dysfunction

Effects of intracerebroventricular MOTS-c infusion on thyroid hormones and uncoupling proteins.

This study was conducted to determine the possible effects of intracerebroventricular MOTS-c infusion on thyroid hormones and uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in rats. Forty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 animals in each group: control, sham, 10 and 100µM MOTS-c. Hypothalamus, blood, muscle, adipose tissues samples were collected for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), UCP1 and UCP3 levels were determined by the RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Serum thyroid hormone levels were determined by the ELISA assays. MOTS-c infusion was found to increase food consumption but it did not cause any changes in the body weight. MOTS-c decreased serum TSH, T3, and T4 hormone levels. On the other hand, it was also found that MOTS-c administration increased UCP1 and UCP3 levels in peripheral tissues. The findings obtained in the study show that central MOTS-c infusion is a directly effective agent in energy metabolism.

Phytochemical profiling of polyphenols and thyroid stimulatory activity of Ficus religiosa leaf extract in 6-propyl-thiouracil-induced hypothyroid rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe plant, Ficus religiosa (L.) from the family Moraceae, has been extensively used in Ayurveda and Unani. Traditionally this plant is known for the treatment of constipation, liver diseases and neurological disorders that are related to hypothyroidism. Aim of the studyThis study was primarily designed to evaluate the effect of Ficus religiosa leaf (FL) extract in ameliorating hypothyroidism in rats and to identify the major bioactive compounds in the test extract that might be responsible for the thyroid-altering activity. In addition, the probable mechanism underlying the thyroid regulation of the main FL constituents were analyzed by molecular docking. Materials and methodsAdult female Wistar rats were used. LC-ESI-MS/MS was performed to identify the compounds present in the extract. HPLC analysis of FL extract was also performed. A pilot study was made using 3 doses of FL extract. Out of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg appeared to be the most effective one as it could increase thyroid hormones and decreased TSH levels. In the final experiment, propyl-thiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rats were orally treated with FL extract (100 mg/kg) or L-thyroxine (100 μg/kg, i.p.) daily for 28 consecutive days. On 29th day, all rats were sacrificed and the serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyrotropin (TSH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepatic 5′ deiodinase-1(5′D1) were estimated by ELISA. Liver marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, ALT and aspartate aminotransferase, AST); total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG); hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) content were estimated in liver tissues. ResultsLC-MS-MS analyses of the leaf extract identified 11 compounds including the three major compounds, betulinic acid (BA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), and quinic acid (QA). While the PTU treatment decreased the levels of thyroid hormones and 5′D1 activity, it increased the TSH, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, TC, and TG levels. Furthermore, hepatic LPO significantly increased with a decrease in reduced GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx. However, FL treatment in PTU-induced animals nearly reversed these adverse effects and improved liver function by decreasing ALT, AST, hepatic LPO and increasing the levels of antioxidants. FL not only improved the liver histology, but also suppressed the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6 in PTU-induced animals. A molecular docking study towards the understanding of the thyroid stimulatory mechanism of action revealed that BA, CGA, and QA might have augmented thyroid hormones by interacting with the thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ1) and TSH receptor (TSHR). ConclusionFor the first time, we report the pro-thyroidal potential of Ficus religiosa leaf extract. We postulate that its main bioactive compounds, BA, CGA, and QA involved in this action may serve as novel thyroid agonists in ameliorating hypothyroidism.

Detection of Toxoplasmosis in Association with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy in Duhok, Iraq

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is widely distributed in the human population and is responsible for corresponding global morbidity. Specifically, T. gondii causes toxoplasmosis, leading to miscarriage, stillbirth, and neural disorders. This parasite attacks different human organs and glands, such as the thyroid gland, and causes various corresponding health issues. Recently, studies have established a link between T. gondii and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), which contributes to preterm delivery, miscarriage, low birth weight, and death. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and its association with AITD among pregnant women. A total of 180 blood samples were collected from pregnant women and examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The patients were within the age range of 15–50 years old, and lived in Duhok City, Iraq; samples and clinical information was collected from August 2021 to February 2022. The corresponding blood samples were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody, Toxoplasma IgG avidity, FT3, FT4, and TSH hormones, and TPO, Tg, and TSHR antibodies. Overall, our results showed that out of 180 pregnant women, 110 (61.1%) were seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody; specifically, 25 (22.7%) and 85 (77.3%) had recent and past infections, respectively. Approximately 54.4% (98) of the pregnant women had thyroid disorders; further, 22 (12.2%), 13 (7.2%), and 8 (4.4%) women had TPO, Tg, and TSHR antibodies, respectively. A total of 43 (23.8%) patients screened positive for AITD. Out of the 110 Toxoplasma IgG–positive women, 35 (31.8%) had AITD. The older women, rural residents, restaurant food consumers, and women with cat contact had relatively high infection rates. Toxoplasma seropositive women had more elevated autoantibodies than seronegative ones. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a high rate of toxoplasmosis and a corresponding association with thyroid hormones changes and AITD in pregnant women in Duhok, Iraq. Further, it is necessary to reduce overall infection rates through effective health and educational programs. Therefore, it is essential to measure Toxoplasma antibodies, screen for thyroid hormones and autoantibodies, and encourage gynecologist visits to reduce the risks to mothers and fetuses.

Protective Role of Ashwagandha and Quercetin over Cypermethrin Induced Hypothyroidism: A Hematological Study in Mice

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide for domestic as well as agriculture purposes. The current research is designed to investigate the protective role of ashwagandha and quercetin on cypermethrin-induced hematological alteration via declined thyroid function. Swiss albino male mice weighing around 25–30 g were divided into four groups of six animals each at random. Group I served as a control with normal food and water; Group II cypermethrin treated 15 mg/kg body weight; Group III ashwagandha co-treated 200 mg/kg body weight, and Group IV quercetin co-treated 150 mg/kg body weight. Doses were applied orally for 28 days. Blood was drawn, and hematological parameters and a serum thyroid hormone calculation were performed on it. Increased body weight and decreased thyroid weight were observed in the cypermethrin exposure group. The decreased T3 and T4 and increased TSH hormone levels were observed in the cypermethrin-treated group as compared to the control signified hypothyroidism. A significant decrease in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin percentage, and platelet counts was observed in the cypermethrin exposure group. Total leukocyte counts, neutrophil%, and lymphocyte% were increased significantly in the cypermethrin exposure group as compared to the control. A significantly decreased platelet count was observed in the cypermethrin exposure group. The antioxidant co-administered animals showed significant prevention as compared to cypermethrin-exposed animals.

The physiological effect of infertility in women on some sex hormones and thyroid in Tikrit city and it’s surrounded area

This research was performed in Tikrit Teaching Hospital from October 2013 until april 2014, to study the physiological effect of age and body mass Index for infertile women compared with healthy and their impact on the concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone, estrogen, TSH, T3, T4 hormones. This study included (60), infertile and healthy (30), women, and the patients and healthy ranged age (16-45) years old. The results were as following, significant in infertile women (P˂0.05) in the concentrations of FSH hormone and high significant (P˂0.01) in LH, Testosterone, T3,T4 hormones compared with healthy, there is not any significant between infertile and healthy women in TSH hormone concentration ,but there are high significant of estrogen in healthy compared with infertile women. Infertile women have significant (P˂0.05) in LH FSH Testosterone T3 T4 in all age categories and increased concentrations of those hormone with age advance, but healthy women have significant (P˂0.05) in estrogen compared with infertile in all age categories. BMI for infertile women were giving significant (P˂0.05) in FSH compared with healthy in (32-and more) Kg/m2, while there was significant increased (P˂0.05) of LH in the (27-31), (32-and more) Kg/m2 BMI categories in the infertile compared with healthy. All infertile women BMI categories have significant increased (P˂0.05) in Testosterone, T3,T4 hormones compared with healthy. there isn’t any significant seen between infertile and healthy women in all BMI categories.&#x0D;

Effect of using Melatonin in reducing the heart toxicity produced from the use of Doxorubicin drug on some hormones in the experimental male rabbits

This study amid to search the role of Melatonin in reducing the heart toxicity and atherosclerosis which result from using of Doxorubicin in treatment of cancer Also the role of hydrogen peroxide in inducing oxidative stress in Laboratory Albino rabbit; Growth Hormone and (T3,T4,TSH) levels. the Study included 40 male rabbits, where each group consist of 5 animals. the study showed high Significant decrease in Growth Hormone concentration (P≤0.01) in Dox group (15mg/kg of.w) and group of animals treated with H2O2 alone while the concentrations of Growth Hormone had been increase with high significant (P≤0.01) in other groups. The results showed high significant (P≤0.01) in the hormone (T4) concentration in serum in the group H2O2 and Dox group alone compare with control and the occurrence of a highly significant increase (P≤0.01)of Hormone (T3) (T4) concentrations in Animal group treated with Dox (15 mg/kg) and Melatonin Also group treated with H2O2 and Melatonin, and group treated with Cholesterol and Melatonin. while high significant decrease (P≤0.01) had been happened in Hormone (T3) (T4) concentration in sera of other groups of animals compared with the control. and the results showed high significant (P≤0.01) in the hormone TSH concentration in serum in the group Dox and Cholesterol group alone compare with control. there were no significant differences in the concentration of the hormone TSH in the group H2O2 alone and the other groups compared with the control.

Effect of using L_arginine in reducing the heart toxicity produced from use Doxorubicin anticancer drug on some hormones in the experimental male rabbits

This study amid to search the role of L_arginine in reducing the heart toxicity and atherosclerosis which result from using of Doxorubicin in treatment of cancer Also the role of hydrogen peroxide in inducing oxidative stress in Laboratory Albino rabbit as Growth Hormone and (T3,T4,TSH) levels, the Study included 40 male rabbits, where each group consist of 5 animals The results showed a high Significant decrease in Growth Hormone concentration (P≤0.01) in Dox group (15mg/kg of.w) and group of animals treated with H2O2 alone while the concentrations of GH had been increase with high significant (P≤0.01) in other groups. The results showed a high significant (P ≤ 0.01) in the hormone T4 concentration in serum in the group H2O2 and Dox group alone compare with control and the occurrence of a highly significant increase (P≤0.01)of Hormone T3,T4 concentrations in Animal group treated with Dox (15 mg/kg) and L-arginine Also group treated with H2O2 and L-arginine, and group treated with Cholesterol and L-arginine. while high significant decrease (P≤0.01) had been happened in Hormone (T3) (T4) concentration in sera of other groups of animals compared with the control. and found through the study and having High Significant decrease in TSH concentration (P≤0.01) in serum in the group treated with Dox and L-arginine, and group treated with Cholesterol and L-arginine compared with the control .there were no significant differences in the concentration of the hormone TSH in the group H2O2 alone while the concentrations of TSH had been increase with high significant (P≤0.01) in other groups.

Intrauterine exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) disrupts the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis of the F1 rats during adult life.

DEHP is an endocrine disruptor widely used in the production of malleable plastics. DEHP exposure was associated with altered hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis function. Although previous studies reported deleterious effects of DEHP exposure during the intrauterine period, few studies have evaluated the direct effects triggered by this endocrine disruptor on the offspring animals' thyroid function. This study aimed to investigate the impact of intrauterine exposure to DEHP on the HPT axis function programming of the offspring animals during adulthood. Pregnant Wistar rats were orally treated with corn oil or corn oil supplemented with DEHP (0.48 or 4.8 mg/kg/day) throughout the gestational period. The offspring rats were euthanized on the 90th postnatal day. Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, and liver were collected to analyze gene expression and protein content through qPCR and Western Blot. Blood was collected to determine TSH and thyroid hormone levels through fluorometric or chemiluminescence immunoassays. In the adult F1 female rats, the highest dose of DEHP decreased TSH serum levels. In the thyroid, DEHP reduced the gene expression and/or protein content of NIS, TSHR, TG, TPO, MCT8, NKX2.1, PAX8, and FOXE1. These data are consistent with the reduction in T4 serum levels of the F1 DEHP-exposed female rats. In the liver, DEHP exposure increased the mRNA expression of Dio1 and Ttr, while the highest dose of DEHP reduced the mRNA expression of Ugt1a1 and Ugt1a6. Conversely, in the F1 male adult rats, TSHB expression and TSH serum levels were increased in DEHP-exposed animals. In the thyroid, except for the reduced protein content of TSHR, none of the evaluated genes/proteins were altered by DEHP. TH serum levels were not changed in the DEHP-exposed F1 male rats compared to the control group. Additionally, there were no significant alterations in the expression of hepatic enzymes in these animals. Our results demonstrated, for the first time, that intrauterine exposure to DEHP disrupts the HPT axis function in male and female offspring rats and strongly suggest that DEHP exposure increases the susceptibility of the offspring animals to develop thyroid dysfunctions during adulthood.

Hypothyroidism Evaluation after Radiotherapy of Breast and Supraclavicular in Patients with Breast Cancer.

This study aims to evaluate the risk of hypothyroidism (HT) after radiotherapy (RT) of breast and supraclavicular in patients with breast cancer (BC). In a historical cohort study, the records of all patients with BC who had been referred to the Mahdieh radiotherapy Center of Hamadan from 2017 to 2019 were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, clinical information, previous and current used treatment methods (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy), number of RT sessions and doses, and HT (TSH >5 mIU/L) were extracted from the patient's documents. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Out of 304 patients referred to the Center, 266 patients were investigated. The mean TSH was 6.3 ± 7.9 ml/L (1.5 to 65.4). Approximately half of the patients were in Stage 2 of the disease. 37 (16.4%) patients were diagnosed with HT, of which 8.8% were clinical, and 7.5% were subclinical. The mean total dose of HT patients (5621.62 ± 491.67) was significantly higher than other patients (5304.76 ± 937.98). 21 patients (56.8%) in Stage 3 and 4 and 16 (43.2%) patients in Stages 1 and 2 had HT (P = 0.006). Spearman correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship between total dose and TSH hormone (r = 0.624), the number of RT sessions with TSH hormone (r = 0.237), and total dose with T4 hormone (r = -0.232). The findings of this study showed that the risk of HT increases significantly in patients with BC who undergo RT of breast and supraclavicular. Patients with higher stage, more radiation, and more RT sessions are at higher risk of HT.

Effect of Supplementation of Feed Additives on Haematology and Thyroid Hormones in New Zealand White Rabbits

The present study was conducted on weaned broiler rabbits having similar body weights, which were divided into four groups with ten rabbits in each group for a period of 42 days. The objective was to study the effect of inclusion of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), oxytetracycline and Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum) supplements in the basal diet on hematology and thyroid hormones in New Zealand white rabbits. The result revealed that the TEC was observed significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in rabbits supplemented with either oxytetracycline or Tulasi. The Hb and PCV was significantly higher in all three supplemented groups. However, the Thyroid hormones T3, T4 and TSH levels did not differ significantly(P&lt;0.05) in all groups.

The role of supporting and disruptive mechanisms of FT3 homeostasis in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.

Thyroid hormones are controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis through a complex network of regulatory loops, involving the hormones TRH, TSH, FT4, and FT3. The relationship between TSH and FT4 is widely used for diagnosing thyroid diseases. However, mechanisms of FT3 homeostasis are not well understood. We used mathematical modelling to further examine mechanisms that exist in the HPT axis regulation for protecting circulating FT3 levels. A mathematical model consisting of a system of four coupled first-order parameterized non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) was developed, accounting for the interdependencies between the hormones in the HPT axis regulation. While TRH and TSH feed forward to the pituitary and thyroid, respectively, FT4 and FT3 feed backward to both the pituitary and hypothalamus. Stable equilibrium solutions of the ODE system express homeostasis for a particular variable, such as FT3, if this variable stays in a narrow range while certain other parameter(s) and system variable(s) may vary substantially. The model predicts that (1) TSH-feedforward protects FT3 levels if the FT4 production rate declines and (2) combined negative feedback by FT4 and FT3 on both TSH and TRH production rates keeps FT3 levels insensitive to moderate changes in FT4 production rates and FT4 levels. The optimum FT4 and FT3 feedback and TRH and TSH-feedforward ranges that preserve FT3 homeostasis were found by numerical continuation analysis. Model predictions were in close agreement with clinical studies and individual patient examples of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. These findings further extend the concept of HPT axis regulation beyond TSH and FT4 to integrate the more active sister hormone FT3 and mechanisms of FT3 homeostasis. Disruption of homeostatic mechanisms leads to disease. This provides a perspective for novel testable concepts in clinical studies to therapeutically target the disruptive mechanisms.