TSH Hormone Research Articles

Evaluation of resveratrol's protective effect on hydrocortisone-induced growth inhibition in the peripubertal rat epiphyseal plate

ObjectiveChronic use of glucocorticoids during childhood can lead to a decrease in hormone release, including ACTH, GH, TSH, and LH, as well as reduced IGF-1 activity. This can result in osteoporotic changes and hinder growth in height. Resveratrol, an antioxidant with phytoestrogen properties, may improve bone health by increasing bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. It has been shown that resveratrol promotes osteoblastic bone formation and reduces osteoclastic resorption. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of resveratrol on the growth inhibition of the epiphyseal plate induced by hydrocortisone in peripubertal Wistar Albino rats. MethodsRats were randomized into 6 groups and treated with hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg/day) and resveratrol (10–50–100 mg/kg/day) for 10 days after a standard AP tibia radiograph was taken. Blood and tibia bones were collected and evaluated for bone biomarkers (osteopontin, sclerostin), histopathological measures, and apoptosis markers. ResultsSubcutaneous administration of hydrocortisone for 10 days significantly reduced tibia linear growth, as evaluated by radiography (23.4 % vs. 15.1 %, p<0.001). In the group that received 50 mg/kg/day of resveratrol and 10 mg/kg/day of hydrocortisone together, the tibia growth inhibition disappeared both radiographically and histologically. High-dose resveratrol (100 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced plasma sclerostin (p<0.001) and increased osteopontin blood levels (p<0.05) compared to the control group. ConclusionThe inhibitory effect of 10 mg/kg/day hydrocortisone on tibia bone was reversed with 50 mg/kg/day oral resveratrol. Resveratrol's phytoestrogen property is thought to accelerate chondrocyte cellular senescence, counteracting hydrocortisone's inhibitory effect on gonadotropin secretion and senescence.

Role of Zinc Alpha2-Glycoprotein and Retinol-Binding Protein-4 in Iraqi Women with Thyroid Dysfunctions

Thyroid dysfunction (TD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two of the most frequent chronic endocrine disorders. This study included 60 women with thyroid disorders: 30 with hypothyroidism and 30 with hyperthyroidism, aged between 20 and 40 years. This study used 30 healthy women aged 20-40 years as a control group. Anthropometric measurements of Body Mass Index (BMI), hematological analysis of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), biochemical parameters (Thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH, Free triiodothyronine FT3, Free thyroxine FT4, Fasting Blood Sugar FBS), and adipokine concentrations zinc-α2-glycoprotein (AZGP-1) and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) were performed for all participants. The results revealed that the serum levels of zinc-α2-glycoprotein and retinol-binding protein-4 are significantly higher in hyperthyroidism (P&lt;0.0001) compared to both healthy and hypothyroid women. Besides that, zinc-α2-glycoprotein has a negative correlation with TSH in the hyperthyroidism group. In the hypothyroidism group, it correlates positively with retinol-binding protein-4. In addition to that, retinol-binding protein-4 is positively correlated with FT3 and FT4 and negatively correlated with BMI in the hyperthyroidism group. For this reason, we conclude that these adipokines can aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disorders, thereby preventing the onset of disease complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is important to highlight that women with hypothyroidism are more likely than those with hyperthyroidism to develop diabetes.

Study the Effect of IL-1beta on Thyroid Hormones Levels in Women with Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism in the City of Ramadi

Thyroiditis is a medical condition of particular concern due to its diverse causes, including autoimmune factors, drug-induced inflammatory causes or fibrotic process, the most common of which is thyroiditis and includes hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The study aimed to measure interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and compare it with the studied groups and the hormones TSH, T3, T4 and their relationship with IL-1β. The study included investigating the relationship between IL-1β and thyroid patients in females aged between (18-60) in the city of Ramadi as well as knowing the relationship between thyroid hormones (TSH, T4, T3) and IL-1β. 45 samples were collected from Ramadi Teaching Hospital. The current study showed that there was a significant increase in the level of IL-1β compared to the control group in hypothyroid patients at a significant level (P≤0.05), which was (2.3497ng/dl). There were no significant differences in the level of IL-1β in patients with hyperthyroidism at a significant level (P≤0.05), which was (ng/dl 2.0690) compared to the control group. The study showed that there is an inverse relationship between TSH and IL-1β (0.858) and a positive relationship between T4 and IL-1β (0.809) .We conclude from the study that interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) has an effect on the thyroid gland, especially hypothyroidism, as it showed a highly significant increase in IL-1β in patients with hypothyroidism and no significant differences in IL-1β, as IL-1β affects thyroid hormones

Association between some Serum Parameters in Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and leptin receptor gene polymorphism

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is considered as a complex, heterogeneous disorder that impacts 5-10% of women at reproductive age. This study aimed to evaluate the association of leptin recepter gene polymorphism (Lys109Arg, rs1137100) and some serum parameters with PCOS in of Iraqi women. This case-control study was carried out during the period from July to October, 2022 at Infertility Care and IVF center of Kamal AL-Samaraay Hospital, Baghdad. The study included 120 Iraqi women as a sample size divided into two groups 60 PCOS patients and 60 apparently healthy control. PCOS patients were diagnosed by gynecologists according to Rotterdam criteria. The genotypes of leptin receptor gene at rs137100 SNP were determined by using HRM-PCR. The serum levels of leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) and AMH were measured by using Elisa kits. Lipid profile parameters were measured by spin 200 full auto. LH, FSH, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, TSH, T3 and T4 hormones were measured by cobas E411. Results revealed that BMI values were significantly increased (p≤0.01) in PCOS patients compared to controls (30.21±0.70 versus 24.28±0.617). Serum leptin and sOB-R levels were significantly (p˂0.05) higher in PCOS patients than controls (4303.28±71.55 versus 3854.84 ±213.96 pg /ml and 144.09 ±5.51 versus 122.16 ±7.64 ng/ml respectively). The frequency of AA genotypes was significantly (p˂0.05) lower in PCOS patients than in apparently healthy subjects (33.3 % versus 65.0% respectively) whereas the frequencies of AG and GG genotypes were significantly (p˂0.05) higher in PCOS patients versus controls (53.3% versus 26.6% and 13.4% versus 8.4% respectively).The A allele frequency was higher in apparently healthy subjects than in PCOS women (78.3% versus 60.0% respectively) while G allele frequency was significantly higher in PCOS patients versus controls (80.0% versus 21.7%, respectively). It was concluded that the leptin receptor polymorphism (rs1137100) is strongly linked to an increased risk of developing PCOS. Further, those with the A allele are less likely to develop PCOS.

Study of Some Hormonal and Biochemical Parameters among Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases

It has been revealed previously that chronic liver disease (CLD) may be associated to hormonal fluctuations. The current study, therefore, aimed to evaluate some hormones in CLD patients compared with non-CLD individuals. This case control study was conducted at Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Medical city, Baghdad, Iraq during December 2021 to May 2022. One hundred and twenty male patients with CLD (age:14-75 years) and 120 control males (age: 24-70 years) were involved in this study. Serum samples were taken from all individuals and were then analysed for many tests which included hormones (Cortisol, testosterone, prolactin, insulin and thyroid stimulating hormone TSH); biochemical analysis (Prothrombin time PT, international normalized ratio INR and albumin); liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase AST, alanine aminotransferase ALT, alkaline phosphatase ALP and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)) and interleukins (Interleukin 13 IL-13 and transforming growth factor TGF). Some hormones such as cortisol, prolactin and insulin significantly increased in CLD patients while other hormones (testosterone and TSH) significantly decreased in CLD patients compared with the controls. Results also showed significant increase in liver enzymes among CLD patients. These changes in the hormones and liver enzymes levels may be related with significant increase in INR and albumin which were significantly higher in CLD patients than in the control group. Finally, IL-13 increased significantly in CLD patients while no significant differences were noticed between CLD and control regarding TGF levels. It can, therefore, be concluded that hormonal imbalance can affect people with liver conditions. and that this hormonal imbalance may be associated with high levels of liver enzymes.

A Physiological Study of the Effect of Bee Pollen on Albino Rats Induced Hypothyroidism

The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic role of bee pollen (BP) in reducing the harmful effects resulting from hypothyroidism compared to the drug thyroxine on some physiological indicators and improving their levels, which included weight gain (gm), hormone level (T3, T4, TSH), level TPO, cholesterol levels, HDL, LDL, VLDL, and liver enzymes ALT, AST, Hypothyroidism was induced in (24) male rats using the drug carbimazole (CBZ) Which lasted for (15) days at 30 mg/kg of body weight. A random sample was chosen to confirm the occurrence of hypothyroidism, as the results of examining blood samples that were drawn from the animals showed a high concentration of the TSH hormone and Low concentrations of thyroid hormones in the serum compared to the negative control., and this indicates the occurrence of hypothyroidism. Then the animals in which hypothyroidism was induced were separated into 3 experimental collections in addition to the control group and a fifth group. Each group consists of (8) animals. The dosing period lasted thirty days orally. The negative control group, G1, was provided with a diet and water freely. G2 was continued to be dosed with the drug (CBZ) at a concentration of 30 mg/kg of body weight. G3 was continued to be dosed with the drug (CBZ) at a concentration of 30 mg/kg and solution (BP). At a concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight, G4 was dosed with levothyroxine at a concentration of 20 mg/kg body weight, while G5 was dosed with BP solution only at a concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were obtained. The results were less than 0.05 in group G2 in body weight, the concentration of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, and the concentration of TPO and HDL, and a significant increase (P&lt;0.05) in the concentration of TSH, Cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL, respectively, with an increase in the concentration of liver enzymes. AST and ALT compared to the control group. As for the G3 and G4 groups, the result appeared an original increase a total body weight and the concentration of the hormones T3, T4, and the TPO enzyme, a noticeable improvement in the lipid profile, and a low level of the ALT enzyme and the and thyroid-stimulating hormone compared to the G2 group. As for the group G5 has witnessed an increase in T4 concentration and a decrease in ALT concentration and body weight, and the concentrations of T3, TSH, and TPO are closer to control. We conclude from the current study that BP has a role in reducing the effects of hypothyroidism, increasing weight gain, and improving the lipid profile and the level of ALT liver enzymes. AST and Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) level.

CORRELATION BETWEEN BMI AND GONADOTROPIN HORMONES IN THE FEMALE GENDER

Introduction: The pituitary gland affects growth and development. Its main function is in the activity of sexual/reproductive hormones and in the functioning of the glands (thyroid gland, adrenal glands and gonads). Gonadotropin hormones (gonadostimulins) are so named because they stimulate the function of the gonads - male and female sex glands (testicles and ovaries) in which sex cells - sperm and egg cells are created. Overweight is a state of metabolic disorders where excess body fat accumulates to the extent that it can negatively affect human health. Obesity as a BMI factor is related to the functioning of the thyroid gland with its hormones and the pituitary gland with gonadotropin hormones. Purpose of the study: This paper aims to present the correlation between BMI and gonadotropin hormones in reproductive and postmenopausal women. The aim of the paper will also consist in the status of gonadotropin hormones and the functional state of these hormones by comparing them with metabolic disorders such as BMI, obesity and the synthesis of follicle stimulating hormone and gonadotropin hormone. Material and method: A total of 20 patients will be included in the research, divided according to age group into two categories. The first group will include patients aged 10-40 years, the second group patients over 41 years old. Blood (serum) samples will be taken from patients for analyzing gonadotropin hormones: FSH, LH, PRL and thyroid hormones: TSH, FT4, FT3. They will be analyzed with the modern automatic fluorescent enzyme immunoassay method (Vidas-Biomerie). The BMI of the body will be measured with a metric formula where the weight of the patient (in kg) divided by the height of the patient (in m2) set to the square power will give us the measure of body index-BMI (%). SPSS – Software package version 20.0 Numerical series were analyzed using central tendency measures (average, median, minimum values, maximum values), as well as distribution measures (standard deviation); To determine the regularity of the frequency distribution of the examined variables, the Shapiro-Wilk W Test was used; Non-parametric tests for two independent parameters were used to test the significance and difference between some numerical parameters with irregular frequency distribution (Mann Whitney U test); To determine statistical significance, a two-way analysis was used with a significance level (means) of p&lt;0.05. Results: The results of the research will give a real insight into the data of gonadotropic hormones FSH, LH, PRL and thyroid hormones TSH, FT4, FT3 of the female sex in the Tetova region. The results of the research will also provide information about the correlation of BMI and gonadotropin and thyroid hormones. Conclusion: From the analyzes performed on patients of different age groups we come to the conclusion that: • Gonadotropin hormonal disorders can lead to the phenomenon of metabolic diseases such as BMI. • These disorders can have consequences such as: polycystic ovary diseases in women, Hashimoto's genetic syndrome, Graves, infertility in women, etc.

Relationship of TSH and FT3 Levels to The Incidence of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in Autoimmune Patients

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is portrayed by the presence of thyroid autoantibodies. Pathogenetic systems, a few cytokine networks have been recognized to be engaged with thyroid cells in a progression of proinflammatory impacts, like the statement of provocative parts, and a progression of imperfections in administrative Lymphocytes that control the deficiency of resistance to thyroid autoantigens, subsequently assuming an immediate part in the autoimmune cycle causing a few diligent side effects. The point of this review was to assess the connection between 36 autoimmune patients matured 14 to 52 years with responsive ANA test results. Then, Thyroid-Animate Hormone (TSH) and free Triiodothyronine (fT3) levels were analyzed utilizing the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The consequences of the review showed that the quantity of ladies was more prominent than men, 32 individuals (88.9%) and 10 individuals matured between 20-25 years. The typical TSH level was 9.65uIU/mL and the free T3 level was 1.64pg/ml. The consequences of the Spearman connection test among TSH and free T3 levels got a worth of p = 0.029 (p&lt;0.05), implying that the connection between TSH levels and the free T3 test had an adequate relationship of - 0.364 (0.260-0.500), however was negative and not in a similar heading, so that when the levels TSH expands, fT3 levels will diminish. All in all, in autoimmune sufferers essential hypothyroidism happens, when the thyroid organ creates low Free T3, causing the deficiency of negative criticism restraint on the front pituitary, bringing about expanded creation of the TSH hormone which causes Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Novel biomarkers reveal mismatch between tissue and serum thyroid hormone status in amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism.

Serum TSH and thyroid hormone (TH) levels are routine markers of thyroid function. However, their diagnostic performance is limited under special conditions, e.g. in amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism (AIH). Such cases would require the assessment of tissue TH action, which is currently unfeasible. Development of an approach that determines how well serum parameters are reflected in tissue TH action of patients. TH-responsive marker genes were identified from human hair follicles (HF) with Next Generation Sequencing, validated by qPCR. A classification model was built with these markers to assess tissue TH action and was deployed on amiodarone treated patients. The impact of amiodarone on tissue TH action was also studied in Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator (THAI) mice. The classification model was validated and shown to predict tissue TH status of subjects with good performance. Serum- and HF-based TH statuses were concordant in hypothyroid and euthyroid amiodarone treated patients. In contrast, amiodarone decreased the coincidence of serum-based and HF-based TH statuses in hyperthyroid patients, indicating that AIH is not unequivocally associated with tissue hyperthyroidism. This was confirmed in the THAI model, where amiodarone prevented tissue hyperthyroidism in THAI mice despite high serum fT4. We developed a minimally-invasive approach using HF markers to assess tissue TH economy that could complement routine diagnostics in controversial cases. We observed that a substantial proportion of AIH patients do not develop tissue hyperthyroidism, indicating that amiodarone protects tissues from thyrotoxicosis. Assessing tissue TH action in patients with AIH may be warranted for treatment decisions.

Biochemical Study of Hypothyroidism Subjects and Relationship to Overweight

This article evaluates the relationship between thyroid hormone levels, including TSH, fT4, T4, T3, and lipid profiles, such as total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL, in obese individuals compared to healthy ones. The research included 80 individuals, of which 40 were categorized as obese (20 males and 20 females) and 40 were healthy controls (also 20 males and 20 females). All participants were between the ages of 25 and 45. To perform thyroid gland tests, blood samples of 10 ml were taken from both healthy and subjects participants without EDTA and put into test tubes. The plain tube containing blood was centrifuged to separate the serum for further thyroid function and chemical tests. The ELISA device was used following the manufacturer's instructions. The study found significant differences in the levels of TSH hormone between subjects and healthy participants based on the collected data. Furthermore, subjects had significantly lower levels of fT4 hormone in subjects (4.4±2.0) compared to healthy controls (8.1±2.1). The research findings indicated a significant reduction in T4 hormone levels (4.3±1.3) in subjects, which was consistent in both males and females and corresponded with the increase in TSH hormone levels (9.17±2.0) observed in subjects individuals compared to healthy subjects (2.98±2.1).However, there were no significant alterations in T3 hormone levels among subjects when compared to healthy individuals. Hence, the study concludes that there is a definitive correlation between hypothyroidism and obesity.

Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of a Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma With Invasion of the Medial Wall of the Cavernous Sinus.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting adenomas (TSH-oma) are exceptionally rare.1 The primary treatment is surgical resection with radiation and pharmacotherapy postoperatively if subtotal resection, especially with cavernous sinus invasion.2 We present the case of a 29-year-old man with TSH-oma with cavernous sinus medial wall invasion. This is the first documented case with selective resection of the cavernous sinus medial wall to achieve a complete resection and biochemical remission in TSH-oma through endoscopic endonasal approach. The patient had elevated TSH and thyroid hormones with symptoms of weight loss, palpitations, excess sweating, and decreased endurance. MRI revealed a 1.3 × 2.1 × 1.2 cm contrast-enhancing sellar mass with rightward pituitary gland displacement without evidence of cavernous sinus invasion (Knosp 2). The patient consented to procedure/publication. No institutional review board approval needed per institution. We performed standard resection of the firm sellar tumor portion and noted that there was tumor invasion into the left cavernous sinus medial wall dura. The bony opening was expanded to expose the anterior wall of the cavernous sinus, which was opened to identify the cavernous internal carotid artery and the medial wall attachments. The thickened medial wall was completely resected. We achieved a complete tumor resection, and the patient's TSH and thyroid hormone dropped to a desired threshold.3 Tumor stained for GATA3 and PIT1, characterizing the TSH-oma.4,5 Understanding cavernous sinus vascular and ligamentous anatomy allows for safe separation of invaded medial wall dura from the cavernous internal carotid artery,6 allowing for a more complete tumor resection, improving surgical cure rates, and sparing the patient from future radiation and pharmacotherapy.

The potential impact of oil pollution on Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones in directly exposed workers in Al-Shaiba oil refinery

Thyroid hormones are essential for growth, neuronal development, reproduction and regulation of energy metabolism. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are common conditions with potentially devastating health consequences that affect all populations worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to petroleum gases, vapors and pollutant materials on oil refinery workers in Al-Shaiba / Basra-Iraq. However, samples were collected from male workers Ages from (22 – 55) years and divided into four groups according to their years of experience in the same refinery and compared with healthy control. We highlight It also showed that T4, TSH, and PTH hormone more effected by the heavy metals than T3 hormone in comparison to the healthy control group. It showed that worker with direct exposure of pollution sources for more than 5 years of exposure is more affected with oil refinery pollutant than workers who only exposed for 1-5 years.

CHANGES OF TSH, FT3 AND FT4 LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTHYROIDISM

ntroduction: The thyroid hormone secretion disorders may be hyperthyroidism (reduced TSH levels and increased levels of FT3 and FT4) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (decreased concentration of TSH with normal FT3 and FT4).Aim: To investigate levels of thyroid hormones (TSH, FT3, and FT4) in patients with hyperthyroidism or subclinical hyperthyroidism treated at Tuzla Blue Clinic.Materials and methods:The study included 120 patients divided into three groups: a control group, groups with respondents who have hyperthyroidism, and a group of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism. The concentrations of the hormones TSH, FT3, and FT4 were analyzed. The determination was carried out on the device IMMULITE 1 Siemens using the immunochemistry method. Results:TSH between our group investigated the existence of significant statistical differences between the control group and the group with hyperthyroidism (p&lt;0.0001) and between the control group and the group withsubclinical hyperthyroidism (p=0.0001), and the parameter FT3 showed that a statistically significant difference exists between the control group and the group with hyperthyroidism (p&lt;0.0001), and between patients with hyperthyroidism andsubclinical hyperthyroidism (p&lt;0.0001). For FT4, we found a statistically significant difference between the control group and the group with hyperthyroidism (p&lt;0.0001) and between groups with hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism (p &lt;0.0001).Conclusions: The concentration of TSH is reduced in both hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. The serum concentrations of FT3 and FT4 are elevated in hyperthyroidism, while in subclinical hyperthyroidism, the serum concentrations of FT3 and FT4 stand in the reference area.Keywords:Thyrotropin, thyroxine, TSH, FT3, FT4, hyperthyroidism

Impact of Metformin on Blood Levels of Thyroid Function Tests, and Some Biochemical Parameters Levels in Polycystic Ovarian Women

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common form of chronic female disease associated with androgen excess; perhaps occurring in 5-10% of the reproductive age group in women. PCOS is viewed as a heterogeneous disorder of multifactorial etiology. It is also associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the serum level of hormones TSH, T3 and T4 in women with PCOS and to investigate the effect of metformin on hormones TSH, T3, and T4 levels in subjects with PCOS. Patients and methods: The present study was conducted at Kirkuk General Hospital and Azadi General Hospital from March 2023 to January 2024.One hundred forty-one women with PCOS were selected as the PCOS group, while 120 healthy women matched for age with the PCOS patients were selected as the control group. The body mass index is determined before and after therapy. They take metformin 850 mg twice daily for three months and provide fasting blood samples on the second day of menstruation before and after treatment. The data collection done through a designed closed and open-ended questionnaire, by using direct interviewing, and Ultrasound examination, Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 7. Results: Treatment resulted in a significant decrease in in body mass index at p-values 0.05. This study reveals that the thyroid hormones TSH, T3 and T4 were highly significantly increased (P &lt; 0.001) in the serum of PCOS patients compared to the control group. Serum levels of TSH in women with PCOS were high significantly elevated compared to healthy control group. However, the study found no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) in TSH level in treated group with metformin compared with pre-treatment. Conclusion: Metformin can induce changes of TSH levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

To elucidate the mechanism of "Scrophulariae Radix-Fritillaria" in goiter by integrated metabolomics and serum pharmaco-chemistry.

The pharmacodynamic substances in "Scrophulariae Radix-Fritillaria" and the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects against goiter were analyzed through metabolomics and serum pharmaco-chemistry. A rat model of goiter was established using propylthiouracil (PTU), and the animals were treated using "Scrophulariae Radix-Fritillaria." The efficacy of the drug pair was evaluated in terms of thyroid gland histopathology and blood biochemical indices. Serum and urine samples of the rats were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed to screen potential biomarkers in urine and the corresponding metabolic pathways. The blood components of "Scrophulariae Radix-Fritillaria" were also identified, and their correlation with urine biomarkers was analyzed in order to screen for potential bioactive compounds. "Scrophulariae Radix-Fritillaria" mitigated injury to thyroid tissues and normalized the levels of the thyroid hormones FT3, FT4, and TSH. We also identified 22 urine biomarkers related to goiter, of which 19 were regulated by "Scrophulariae Radix-Fritillaria." Moreover, urine biomarkers are involved in tryptophan metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and beta-alanine metabolism, and these pathways may be targeted by the drug pair. In addition, 47 compounds of "Scrophulariae Radix-Fritillaria" were detected by serum pharmacochemistry, of which nine components, namely, syringic acid, paeonol, cedrol, and cis-ferulic acid, fetisinine, aucubigenin, linolenic acid, ussuriedine, and 5-(methylsulfanyl)pentanenitrile, were identified as potential effective substances against goiter. To summarize, we characterized the chemical components and mechanisms of "Scrophulariae Radix-Fritillaria" involved in the treatment of goiter, and our findings provide an experimental basis for its clinical application.

Reference intervals determination for TSH and thyroid hormones in children, adults and pregnant women by four different platforms (Abbott Anility, Beckman Coulter access, Roche Cobas, and Siemens centaur) in Hungarian population

Reference intervals determination for TSH and thyroid hormones in children, adults and pregnant women by four different platforms (Abbott Anility, Beckman Coulter access, Roche Cobas, and Siemens centaur) in Hungarian population

Stimulus-Induced Activation of the Glycoprotein Hormone α-Subunit Promoter in Human Placental Choriocarcinoma Cells: Major Role of a tandem cAMP Response Element.

The glycoprotein hormones LH, FSH, TSH and chorionic gonadotropin consist of a common α-subunit and a hormone-specific β-subunit. The α-subunit is expressed in the pituitary and the placental cells, and its expression is regulated by extracellular signal molecules. Much is known about the regulation of the α-subunit gene in the pituitary, but few studies have addressed the regulation of this gene in trophoblasts. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanism of stimulus-induced α-subunit gene transcription in JEG-3 cells, a cellular model for human trophoblasts, using chromatin-embedded reporter genes under the control of the α-subunit promoter. The results show that increasing the concentration of the second messengers cAMP or Ca2+, or expressing the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the nucleus activated the α-subunit promoter. Similarly, the stimulation of p38 protein kinase activated the α-subunit promoter, linking α-subunit expression to stress response. The stimulation of a Gαq-coupled designer receptor activated the α-subunit promoter, involving the transcription factor CREB, linking α-subunit expression to hormonal stimulation and an increase in intracellular Ca2+. Deletion mutagenesis underscores the importance of a tandem cAMP response element within the glycoprotein hormone α-subunit promoter, which acts as a point of convergence for a multiple signaling pathway.

Thyroid-related Hormones and Hypertension Incidence in Middle-Aged and Older Hispanic/Latino Adults: The HCHS/SOL Study.

Thyroid-related hormones act to regulate metabolic pathways and blood pressure (BP). However, the relationship of TSH and peripheral thyroid hormones and the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis on hypertension development is not fully understood. We assessed sex-specific associations of thyroid-related hormones with BP and hypertension in Hispanic/Latino adults followed for 6 years. We studied 1789 adults, ages 45 to 74, free of diabetes at baseline from a subcohort of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We assessed TSH, free T4 (FT4), T3, and various indicators of thyroid axis. Using multivariable linear and Poisson regression adjusted for survey design and confounding variables, we estimated a priori sex-specific associations of thyroid-related hormones with changes in BP and hypertension development. In men and women, TSH and TSH/FT4 ratios were associated with changes in diastolic BP and T3 with changes in pulse pressure and the development of hypertension from prehypertension. In men, a 1-SD increase in TSH [incident rate ratio (IRR) = 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 1.75] and TSH/FT4 ratio (IRR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.35) were positively associated with the development of hypertension from prehypertension while the TSH/FT4 ratio (IRR = 0.85; 95% CI: .72, 1.00) was protective in women. We observed sex-specific differences in associations of the T3/FT4 ratio and indices of pituitary sensitivity to thyroid hormones with changes in pulse pressure and hypertension development. Thyroid-related hormones are associated with sex-specific changes in BP and hypertension among Hispanic/Latino adults consistent with selected studies conducted in other populations. Mechanisms underlying associations of pituitary sensitivity to thyroid hormones with BP and hypertension development warrant further study.

Sensitivity to thyroid hormones is associated with sleep duration in the euthyroid population with depression degree lower than moderate

We collected thyroid-related hormone index levels, sleep duration, and other basic characteristics of the population with depression from the NHANES 2009–2012 cycles and evaluated the association of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Index (TSHI) with sleep duration in the euthyroid population with depression via different analysis methods. We found that the association between TSHI and sleep duration was only found in patients with depression degree < Moderate (score: 1–14) rather than > Moderate group. Among the populations with degree < Moderate (N = 1918), only 4 indexes (parametric Thyroid Feedback Quantile Index, PTFQI, Thyrotroph Thyroxine Resistance Index, TT4RI, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone TSH, and TSHI) reflecting the sensitivity to thyroid hormones were related to the sleep duration, with a significant non-linear relationship after adjusting for potential confounders (all P < 0.05). Trend analysis indicated that with the level increase of these 4 indexes, the sleep duration increased (all P for trend < 0.001). Further, we found that TSHI was relatively more important among the 4 indexes. Sum up, sensitivity to thyroid hormones is associated with sleep duration in the euthyroid population with depression degree lower than Moderate. Poor sensitivity referred to a longer sleep duration.

A Study on Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Psoriasis

Background: Psoriasis is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease which is characterize by clearly defined red and scaly plaques. The plaques of psoriasis can be disfiguring and severely pruritic and/or painful. Itching is often the most bothersome symptom of psoriasis. Methodology: In this hospital based cross-sectional study, a total of 180 people in the all age group were included. Individuals attending the Dermatology Out-patient Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) were selected during the study period from July’2023 to Januray’2024. Total 90 patients with diagnosed cases of psoriasis were selected as study group and 90 age and sex matched healthy individuals were selected as controls. Results: No significant difference was noted in the values of FT3, FT4 and TSH hormones in the values among the control group and patient group. In males 10 (10.2%) were hypothyroid, 51 (86.4%) euthyroid and 2(3.4%) was hyperthyroid whereas, in females 5(16.13%) were hypothyroid, 25 (80.65%) euthyroid and 1 (3.2%) were hyperthyroid. Conclusion: No significant difference was noted in the values of FT3, FT4 and TSH hormones in the values among the control group.