TS EN ISO Research Articles

Analyze the effects of CNC machining parameters on the surface roughness (Rz) of Anatolian chestnut

The effect of processing parameters on the surface roughness parameter Rz (mean peak-to-valley height) in CNC machining of Anatolian chestnut (Castenia sativa Mill.) wood species used in the woodworking and furniture industry was investigated. The machining conditions were determined to obtain the lowest Rz value. The experi-ments were carried out at the speeds of 8000, 12000, and 16000 rpm and the feed rates of 1000, 1500, and 2000 mm/min with 3 and 4 machining layers by using two different cutters with a diameter of 8 mm. Rz measurements were made on the obtained surfaces using the needle scanning method according to TS EN ISO 21920-2 (2021). In the measurements perpendicular to the fibers, the lowest Rz values were obtained with cutter type 2 (the cutter of the three cutting edge straight end mill), at 16000 rpm speed, 1000/2000 mm/min feed rate, and four machining layers. In the measurements made parallel to the fibers, the lowest Rz values were obtained at the cutter type 2 (the cutter of the three cutting edge straight end mill), at the speed of 16000 rpm and the feed rate of 1000/2000 mm/min and 4th step-down. A smooth surface (lower Rz value) was obtained with fourth cuts (step down, cut layer) instead of third cuts.

Investigation and Optimization of The Effect of Anhydrous Borax Mineral on The Vickers Hardness and Indentation Modulus Values of Iron Material

In this study, 5% and 10% by weight of anhydrous borax (AHB) was added to the iron (Fe) matrix material by powder metallurgy method and the effects of the additive ratio on the Vickers hardness (HV), Brinell hardness (HB) and Indentation modulus (EIT) values of the composites (Fe/AHB) were investigated. In the productions carried out using Taguchi experimental design method, AHB additive ratio, and sintering temperature parameters were selected as control parameters that were thought to affect the physical and/or mechanical properties of the Fe/AHB composite materials. The productions were carried out according to the Taguchi L4 orthogonal array, which was created depending on the control parameters and levels. Vickers hardness and indentation modulus measurements of pure iron and Fe/AHB composite materials were performed in accordance with BS EN ISO 14577-1 standard and Brinell hardness measurement was performed in accordance with TS EN ISO 6506-1 standard. According to the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) analysis performed with the experimental data, it was determined that the 10% AHB additive ratio and 950oC sintering temperature optimized all the investigated properties of the Fe/AHB composite material. It was determined that the values for Vickers hardness, Brinell hardness and indentation modulus increased by 142.03%, 69.32% and 144.11%, respectively, in the levels where the properties of the composite material were optimized compared to pure Fe material. As a result of the qualitative examination of all samples after storage in a comfortable environment without daylight, it was also observed that the anhydrous borax additive delayed the corrosion time of pure iron material.

Classification of wooden wastes with machine learning approaches

In this study, 200 wood waste samples from different origins were analysed by Inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for 11 elements (lead, cadmium, aluminium, iron, zinc, copper, chrome, arsenic, nickel, mercury and sulphur) that are likely to present in wood waste. In the study, the data as non-hazardous and hazardous was evaluated based on the standard (TS EN ISO 17225-1, 2021). Artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) analyses were then applied to better analyze and interpret the data. In this way, statistical separation of wood wastes as non-hazardous and hazardous was realized. Accordingly, it was shown that random forest analysis with an accuracy rate of 100% was better than artificial neural network analysis with an accuracy rate of 99%. Results suggested that wood wastes could be recycled and entered the production cycle in a way to contribute to the national economy or be incinerated with appropriate methods in bioenergy production in an environmentally friendly way which would be possible with the accurate classification of these wastes. In this study, the classification of wood wastes as hazardous and non-hazardous with 100% accuracy rate using ICP data with machine learning approaches, which is not encountered in the literature review.

R290 Refrigerant Performance in a Commercial Refrigerator

In this study, we investigated the impact of the environmentally friendly R290 refrigerant, which has a higher Coefficient of Performance (COP), on the operating performance of the cooling system, as an alternative to the commonly used R404A refrigerant, which has a negative effect on global warming. The boundary conditions in the refrigeration cycle were designed to be -10°C evaporation and +45°C condensation, and the performance of the system referenced in the TS EN ISO 23953-2 standard was experimentally compared for both refrigerants. The temperature and energy consumption values of the M-packs, whose location and quantity are specified in the relevant standard, have been evaluated in terms of the cooling performance of the cabinet. As a result of the study, the heat removal performance of the system using R290 fluid in the condenser showed better results compared to R404A. According to the relevant standard, the system using R290 is in the C and D classes in the energy consumption evaluation.

Determination of fatty acid composition of Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843 and Arabibarbus grypus Heckel, 1843 species living in Ilısu Dam Lake (Batman/TÜRKİYE)

In this study, the fatty acid compounds in the muscle tissues of Mesopotamian catfish (Silurus triostegus, Heckel, 1843) and Shabut (Arabibarbus grypus, Heckel, 1843), which live in Ilısu Dam Lake on the Tigris River and have economic importance. For fatty acid analysis, muscle tissues were taken from the samples obtained from local fishermen, placed in tubes and lipids were obtained by applying chloroform/methanol method. The methylation steps of fatty acids in the samples were performed in accordance with TS EN ISO 12966:2 (TS EN ISO 12966-2., 2017) method. The total fatty acid content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) value was detected as 27,97 ± 0,26 in A.grypus, 32.46 ± 0.37 in S. triostegus, The value of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) varied between 42.63 ± 0.6% in A. grypus and 41.5 ± 0.51% in S. triostegus. Total polyunsaturated polyunsaturated acids (PUFA) ranged between 21.83 ± 1.49 for A. grypus and 25.82 ± 1.94 for S. triostegus. MUFA values in all samples were higher than SFA and PUFA values for both fish species. Docosa Hexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosa Pentaenoic Acid (EPA) are commonly consumed omega-3 types. A. grypus and S. triostegus are within the recommended limits for EPA (C20:5n3) and DHA (C22:6n3). For A. grypus, ω3/ω6 values were (1,06); for S. triostegus ω3/ω6 values were (1,38). When the ω3/ω6 values of both fish species were analysed for human health, it was determined that the ω3/ω6 values of omega fatty acids A. grypus and S. triostegus were above 1. As a result information on the composition of 20 types of fatty acids and ω3/ω6 amounts were obtained in muscle tissue of A. grypus and S. triostegus species living in Ilısu Dam Lake and most preferred by local people. The levels of fat and its components in these species, which may cause different problems when accumulated in the body as a result of changing consumption habits, were indicated in the study.

Application of some Plant Extracts as Biocolorants for Leather During Finishing Process

In this research, chrome-tanned bovine crust leathers were dyed during the finishing process using plant extracts: walnut shell (Juglans regia), oak bark (Quercus cortex), and onion peel (Allium cepa). In this study, the standard recipe applied by the factory was used in the leather finishing process. For this recipe, various plant extracts were used instead of pigments, and groups that did not contain pigment and any dyestuff were formed as the control groups. After these processes, color measurement analyzes were performed on Konica Minolta CM 3600d spectrophotometer. In order to investigate the effects of walnut shell (Juglans regia), oak bark (Quercus cortex), and onion peel (Allium cepa) on the other performance properties of leather, dry and wet rub fastness test according to standard method TS EN ISO 11640 (2001) was performed. The results of the study were statistically evaluated using the NCSS method (Number Cruncher Statistical System). As a result of the study, it was noticed that, depending on the extract, different colors were obtained. It was found that the dry and wet fastness of leathers treated with plant extracts improved.

Investigation of immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of shed snake skin (Elaphe sauromates) extract.

Shed snake skin (SSS) is commonly used empirically in ethnomedicine to treat psoriasis, acne, warts, eczema, scabies, open wounds, hemorrhoids, and glaucoma. Although a few studies exist, SSS extracts' in vitro immunological effects have yet to be well described. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of SSS extract on murine lymphocytes and T cells. Hexane, methanol, and chloroform extractions were conducted in collected SSS samples. Protein concentrations in the SSS extract were measured. The cytotoxic and anticancer activities were measured using L929 Fibroblast and SK MEL 30 Cell Lines via MTT assay as described in TS EN ISO 10993-5. Immunomodulatory activities of SSS extract on total lymphocytes or enriched CD4+ T cell cultures, their cell-specific pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β. IL-12p40, IL-23p19, TNF-α, IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGFβ1) levels were measured via FACS ARIA III analysis and related gene expression with Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (Rt-qPCR). Hexane, methanol, and chloroform-extracted SSS were tested on SK-MEL-30 cells via MTT and revealed a superior anti-proliferative effect for hexane extract of SSS at low concentrations. SSS treatment of murine lymphocytes augmented Tnf-α and IFN-γ levels produced by CD3+ T cells when lymphocytes were activated with anti-CD3/CD28 or LPS stimulation. This effect required the presence of non-T cells, possibly antigen-presenting cells, and was not observed on purified CD4+ T cells. Additionally, SSS significantly blocked suppressive cytokine Tgfb gene expression (but not Il10) without altering in vitro Treg generation/or expansion. This is the first in vitro study investigating SSS's anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects. Our data provide evidence for SSS's anti-proliferative activity on SK-MEL-30 cells and its pro-inflammatory role on murine lymphocytes, which warrants further investigation of the potential use of SSS extract with in vivo disease models.

The Effect of Hot and Cold Check Tests on Surface Roughness and Glossiness in Varnished Wood Material

In this study, specimens from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) tree species, prepared according to ISO 3129, were conditioned according to TS ISO 13061-1. Cellulosic varnish, water-based varnish, and glass polish varnish were applied to their surfaces in accordance with ASTM-D 3023 principles. In the study, roughness (TS 2495 EN ISO 3274 and TS EN ISO 21920-3) and gloss (according to TS EN ISO 2813) values of the samples were calculated after hot and cold check test. Varnished test specimens prepared in 100 mm × 100 mm ×10 mm dimensions were first kept in drying oven at (50±5) °C for 1 hour, then were kept in conditioning room for 1 hour, and then at (-20±2) °C for 1 hour, according to ASTM D1211-97. These processes were accepted as one cycle, and tests were continued until 15 cycles. Afterward, glossiness was measured as perpendicular and parallel to fibers at 60º with a gloss measurement device, and surface roughness values of Ra and Rz were determined with a surface roughness measuring device. According to the results obtained, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Eastern beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky), and Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) varnish-coated wood material surfaces all showed a decrease in gloss values after hot-cold shock effect. While an increase occurred in Rz values of roughness for all wooden surfaces, Ra values roughness increased for Scots pine and chestnut and decreased for eastern beech. Gloss and roughness values of surface-treated wood materials against changing weather conditions can determine usefulness of the surface material used. The findings obtained in this study can be useful to manufacturers who use wooden products in the design of marine vehicles and those who export furniture to countries in different climatic conditions.

Determining abrasion resistance of decorative coated wood-based panels using retinex model

An Image Processing Based Scrub Tester (IPBST) was used to imitate the effect of household chemicals on furniture and decoration elements. For this purpose, 8 mm-thick, bright white, acrylic coated medium density fiberboard (MDF), polyvinyl chloride coated MDF, MDF lam ready-to-use sheets, and cellulosic, polyurethane, acrylic, and water-based paint applied MDF sheets were used. Carbon fiber patterned decorative coating was applied to the prepared sample surfaces using the water transfer printing and ultraviolet printing methods. The surfaces of the samples were scrubbed with various household chemicals in accordance with the Turkish Standard TS EN ISO 11998. In the image processing phase, the images before and after scrubbing were first converted to hue, saturation, and value color space. The relationship between the abrasion measurement method of the proposed IPBST and the abrasion data obtained from the stereo microscope device was examined using the Pearson Correlation analysis. The relationship between both abrasion test methods was positive, very strong, and significant (0.81). Thus, the IPBST can be used as an alternative to industrial test devices as it obtains similar data.

Evaluation of Noise Levels in Flour Factories in Terms of Occupational Health and Safety

This study aims to determine the daily noise exposure levels in flour mills and evaluate the effects on the health and safety of workers. The study measured the equivalent sound pressure levels of workers exposed in two flour mills operating in Konya province in dBA. The factories include machines with high noise levels, such as sifters, sieves, and rollers. A Type-2 class sound pressure level meter was used in the measurements taken in accordance with ISO 9612: 2009 standard. Based on the measured values, the A-weighted equivalent sound pressure levels were determined, and the daily personal noise exposure levels were calculated taking into account the working hours. It was determined that the equivalent sound pressure levels and the daily individual noise exposure levels of the workers were in the range of 88.2-97.7 dBA and 87.9-97.4 dBA, respectively, and above the minimum daily personal exposure limit (80 dBA) specified in the legislation. As a result of the study, it was evaluated that the noise in flour mills can negatively affect the health and safety of workers as well as their job performance.

Nickel plating on wood and wood composite surfaces: Characterization of surface durability

In this study, the performance of nickel plating on wooden surfaces was investigated. Black pine (BP), medium density fiber board (MDF) and particle board (PB) were used for the wooden samples. After the sample surfaces were sanded with 200, 500 and 1000 grit sandpaper and varnished with polyurethane varnish (150 g/m2), they were nickel plated using a spray gun and compressed air. After drying the samples at room temperature for 72 h, scratch analyses were performed according to TS EN 15186 (2012) and TS EN ISO 2409 (2020) and abrasion analyses were performed according to TS EN 13329 +A. The staining resistance of the samples was determined according to the DIN 53799 standard. According to the results, surface strength of the MDF samples was lower than those of PB and BP. The scratch analysis results for the black nickel coating were lower than those for TS EN 15186 (2012). However, it was higher according to TS EN ISO 2409 (2020) scratch analysis. In terms of stain resistance, all samples were found to be resistant to water, soap, tea, and acetone stains, except for coffee stains. Upon visual examination, a slight coffee stain was observed on the sample surfaces. As a result, in the light of surface strength analysis, it was concluded that the surfaces of wooden boards are not suitable for nickel plating.

Application of grape seed coating for antibacterial cotton fabric

Microorganisms can reproduce rapidly on textile surfaces. It is known that textile surfaces used especially in hospitals cause the spread of infections and pose a danger. In recent years, instead of synthetic and heavy metal applications, the interest in obtaining environmentally friendly and natural plant-based antibacterial materials and textile applications has been increasing day by day. Grape skins and seeds, rich in polyphenolic compounds, are waste products from winemaking. The evaluation of such waste products is of great importance. In this study, grape seed, which is stated to have antibacterial activity in many studies, was applied to cotton textile material with the coating method and it was aimed to gain antibacterial properties to the fabric. As a result of the colour fastness tests performed according to the ISO 105-C06 standard, it was not observed that the coating process had a negative effect on the washing fastness of the fabrics. The wash fastness value of all coated fabrics is 5. As a result of the washing fastness test, it was seen that the coated fabrics were resistant to washing. As a result of the friction fastness tests performed according to the TS EN ISO 105-X12 standard, it was observed that the coated fabrics were resistant to friction. When the breaking strength and breaking elongation values of the coated fabrics were examined as a result of the strength test performed according to the TS EN ISO 13934-1 standard, it was observed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of the coated fabrics increased. Antibacterial tests against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria were performed on treated fabrics according to the AATCC 100 antibacterial test method. It is obtained as a result of the coating process for 60% coverage. As a result of the coating process, better results were obtained against E.coli bacteria. It was observed that the antibacterial properties improved as the coating rate increased. As a result of the tests, antibacterial activity was provided against both bacteria. An acceptable level of antibacterial activity was detected in the antibacterial tests of the washed fabrics.

Investigation of fatty acid profiles in some economically important fish species living in Atatürk Dam Lake, Adıyaman, Türkiye

This study aims to deter-mine the fatty acid profile of 10 fish species (Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), Chondrostoma regi-um (Heckel, 1843), Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), Carassius auratus (Linnae-us, 1758), Alburnus sellal (Heckel, 1843), Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843), Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843), Arabibarbus grypus (Heck-el, 1843), Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander 1794) ) caught from Atatürk Dam Lake, sold by fishermen and con-sumed by local people. Ac-cordingly, the fish species identification was made and the individuals belonging to the determined species were randomly selected and mus-cle tissue was taken from each sample for fatty acid analysis and put into tubes. Extraction of fats from muscle tissue was carried out using a chloroform-methanol solvent mixture. The methylation process of fatty acids was carried out using the TS EN ISO 12966:2 method. Analyzes were performed with Ther-mo brand Trace GC model GC with FID (Flame Ion De-tector) detector. A 60 m HP-88 column was used in the analysis. It has been deter-mined that 10 fish species contain a total of 26 differ-ent fatty acids. Palmitic acid is the major fatty acid among saturated fatty acids (SFA). Palmitic acid values vary between 18.31 % and 25.51 %. It was determined the most in C. carpio and the lowest in C. auratus. Among the mono unsaturat-ed fatty acids (MUFA), ole-ic acid is the major fatty ac-id and was found between 12.70 % and 29.77 %. It was detected at most in A. sellal with a rate of 29.77 % and in P. abu with a minimum rate of 12.70 %. Of the pol-yunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid is seen as the major fat-ty acid. It was detected at most in C. trutta with a rate of 14.24 %, and at a mini-mum in C. carpio with a rate of 0.62 %.

Investigation on the Fastness and Dimensional Stability of the Knitted Fabrics Made of the New Generation Regenerated Cellulose Fibers

The purpose of this research is to examine fastness and dimensional stability of the knitted fabrics made of three types of new generation regenerated cellulose fibres such as Naia™ Renew, Tencel™ Lyocell and Ecocell™. The perspiration, washing, water and rubbing fastness tests and also dimensional stability determination were performed. The data was compared with the ones of the cotton fabric.
 The goal of this study is comparing whether recently developed new generation regenerated cellulose fibers compared to cotton, presents better performance considering customer perceptions. Accordingly, the acidic and basic perspiration (TS EN ISO 105–E04), washing (TS EN ISO 105–C06), water (TS EN ISO 105–E01) and rubbing fastness (TS EN ISO 105–X12) tests and also dimensional stability (TS EN ISO 3759) determination was performed in this concept.

The effect of glucose oxidase enzyme on wool fibres

AbstractGlucose oxidase is a type of enzyme that converts glucose into hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid by enzymatic reaction. Glucose oxidase is widely used in industry; however, in the textile industry, glucose oxidase has only received academic interest. Previously, wool was bleached by some reducing agents; however, currently in industry, hydrogen peroxide dominates the bleaching of wool fibres. In this study, the effect of glucose oxidase enzyme treatment on wool merino fibres and dyeability properties was investigated. Wool fibres were treated with glucose oxidase enzyme, after which the whiteness index (Stensby) and yellowness index (ASTM D 1925 and ASTM E 313) were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy were used to identify the morphological structure of wool fibres and their atomic content. The chemical damage caused by enzyme was investigated using a fluorescence and a light microscope, and the alkali solubility (ASTM D 1283) was determined. After enzymatic treatment, the wool fibres were dyed at a 2.0% concentration with reactive dyes. Dyeability (K/S) and CIELab values were assessed with a Minolta CM 3600 D spectrophotometer (D65, 10°). The washing fastness of wool fibres was investigated according to TS EN ISO 105‐C06 (A1S).

A PROTOTYPE CHARPY AND IZOD IMPACT TESTER DESIGN AND IMPACT TEST ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ALUMINUM ALLOYS

Different international standards have been established to determine the fracture energy of materials. In this study to determine the fracture energies of aluminum materials in different alloys, a prototype of Charpy and Izod impact tester was designed and manufactured. This tester were been designed and manufactured by ASTM E23 and TS EN ISO 148-1 standard. This study was completed during the postgraduate period. The Charpy and Izod impact energies of ETIAL-160, ETIAL 171, ETIAL 177, ETIAL 195, and AC2A which are aluminum materials commonly used in the manufacturing industry, were determined by the designed machine.

The effect of heat treatment method and process temperature on the glossiness of polyurethane varnishes applied to wood material surfaces

Bu çalışmada, farklı yöntemlerle ve farklı sıcaklık seviyelerinde ısıl işlemli ağaç malzeme yüzeylerine uygulanan poliüretan verniklerin parlaklık özellikleri incelenmiştir. Kayın (Fagus sylvatica L.) ve sarıçam (Pinus silvestris L.) odunu örnekleri üç farklı yöntem (ThermoWood, yağlı işlem ve sıcak hava) ve üç farklı sıcaklık (170 °C, 190 °C ve 210 °C) uygulanarak ısıl işleme tabi tutulmuştur. Daha sonra örnek yüzeyleri endüstriyel uygulamalara göre poliüretan vernik ile kaplanmıştır. Parlaklık ölçümleri TS EN ISO 2813 esaslarına uyularak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verniksiz örnekler için, yağlı işlem yöntemi ile ısıl işlem görmüş örneklerde daha düşük parlaklık değerleri belirlenmiştir. ThermoWood ve sıcak hava yöntemleri ile muamele edilmiş örneklerde parlaklık değerleri benzer bulunmuş ve bu örneklerde, düşük sıcaklıktaki (170 °C) ısıl işlem sonrası parlaklıklar kontrol örneklere göre artmıştır. Vernikli örneklerde ise ısıl işlem yönteminin etkisi parlaklık üzerinde önemsiz bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan, hem verniksiz hem de vernik uygulanmış örneklerde ısıl işlem sıcaklığı artışına bağlı olarak yüzey parlaklık değerleri azalmıştır.

A RESEARCH ON THE EVALUATION OF THERMAL COMFORT CONDITIONS OF OPERATING ROOM EMPLOYEES

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği; çalışma ortamında meydana gelebilecek kazaların önlenmesini, mesleki hastalıklara karşı maruziyetlerin en aza indirilmesini hedefleyen, yasalarla desteklenen bir bilim dalıdır. İş hijyeni; çalışanların çalışma ortamlarındaki maruz kaldıkları fiziksel, kimyasal, ergonomik ve biyolojik risklerin tespit edilmesini, ölçülmesini ve analiz edilmesini kapsamaktadır. Çalışma ortamlarında bulunan maruziyetlerin insan sağlığını etkileyecek boyutta olup olmadığı, birtakım standartlarla ölçüm ve analizler yapılarak tespit edilir. Fiziksel riskler grubunun en önemli etmenlerinden biri termal konfordur. Termal konforun dengeli olmadığı çalışma ortamlarında sıcak veya soğuk maruziyetinden kaynaklı hastalıklar meydana gelebilir, dikkatin yapılan işe verilememesine bağlı iş kazası riski artar. Çalışma ortamında termal konforun değerlendirilmesi için TS EN ISO 7730 standardı kullanılarak ölçümler gerçekleştirilir. Bu çalışmada, çalışanların soğuk olarak nitelendirdikleri ameliyathane odalarında termal konfor ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ameliyathane çalışanlarında termal konfor açısından soğuk stres maruziyetinin olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Ölçümler bir araştırma hastanesinin 12 farklı ameliyathane odasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın ölçüm sonuçları; PMV indekslerinin sınır değerler içerisinde kaldığını, PPD indeksinin ise en yüksek %34,11 olarak hesaplandığını göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular çalışmanın yapıldığı ameliyathane odalarında soğuk stres maruziyetinin olmadığını göstermektedir.

Research on the Production of Parchment from Turkey Skin and its Decorative Use

In this study, parchment was made of waste turkey skin and some tests were done. These tests were: Determination of thickness (TS 4117 EN ISO 2589), Determination of tensile strength and elongation (TS EN ISO 3376), Determination of tear load - Part 2: (Double edge tear) (TS 4118-2 EN ISO 3377-2), Leather - of distension and strength of grain (TS 4137 EN ISO 3379), Color fastness to water spotting (TS EN ISO 15700). Due to the low strength properties of turkey skin, a different usage area was tried to be created by making a decorative flower design. In this research, it has been tried to show how a waste material can be transformed into a product with a very high added value.

Application of L-Ascorbic Acid as an Antioxidative Colorment in Leather Finishing

In this study, chrome tanned bovine crust leathers were dyed white during finishing process. Experiments with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% L-ascorbic acid addition were performed on the finishing layer of the finishing application. L-ascorbic acid was not added to the control group and processed according to the standard method. After these processes, color measurement analyzes were performed on Konica Minolta CM 3600d spectrophotometer. In order to investigate the effects of L-ascorbic acid on other performance properties of leather, light fastness test according to TS 1008 EN ISO 105-B02 (2001 TS EN ISO 11640 2001) and dry rub fastness test according to standard method were performed. The results of the study were statistically evaluated according to the NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System) method. As a result of the research, it was observed that L-ascorbic acid gave a pearly pink color to the leathers. It was found that the dry rubbing fastness of the leathers treated with L-ascorbic acid improved. In the light fastness tests, the results of the experimental group leathers were recorded better by the blue scale.