Trust Deficit Research Articles

Lethal ageism in the shadow of pandemic response tactics.

AimThis paper examines aspects of pandemic policy responses to the COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and presents an integrated view of the consequences of response tactics at national and health service levels for older adults.BackgroundNurses are positioned at the intersection of health service and policy implementation; therefore, their influence on clinical protocols and health policy directions post pandemic is crucial to preventing further premature deaths in the 65+ years age group and others.Sources of evidencePerspectives presented here are based on a critical evaluation of the many published reports, comments, research and insights concerning the pandemic. That evidence, combined with my experience in various fields of study and professional service, enables me to envisage what some decisions and policies may mean for older people, nurses and societies worldwide.DiscussionEstablished information on world population patterns and the location and health of national groups has been made less reliable by population shifts caused by years of geo‐political conflicts and now the impact of the pandemic. Added to this already chaotic context, the pandemic has further disrupted societies, health services and economies. Ageist responses by these systems have further disadvantaged older people and generated trust deficits that need to be resolved.ConclusionWhen the pandemic recedes, policy and management decisions taken by governments and hospital administrators will be a telling indicator of whether the established systematic ageism exposed during the pandemic will continue to compromise the health and longevity of older adults.Implications for nursing, health and social policyThe ascendency of nursing influence within the health and social policy environment must be further strengthened to enable nurses to champion equity and fairness in the pandemic recovery effort.

The politics of Gwadar Port: Baluch nationalism and Sino-Pak relations

ABSTRACT The Gwadar Port, an integral component of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), is at the centre of a political trilemma involving China, Pakistan and the Baluch. The long simmering ethnic tension between the Baluch and the Punjabis within Pakistan has created a trust deficit which is now exacerbated by perceptions that the Punjabi-dominated Federal Government is prioritising Chinese interests over the Baluch. This paper examines the dynamics, challenges and prospects of the Gwadar Port in the context of Pakistan’s domestic politics vis-à-vis Baluch nationalism and its international relations with China. It draws on the history of Baluch nationalism to find comparable lessons for today’s crisis. The central argument is that China and Pakistan need to be sensitive to the interests of the Baluch for the Gwadar Port to be successful. China’s strategy of relying on Pakistan’s military to quell local uprisings is a band aid approach, which will never succeed against ethnonationalist fervour in the long run. Pakistan, for its part, should rise above its internal politics to capitalise on this once in a lifetime economic opportunity afforded by CPEC that can fundamentally alter its fortunes.

“Open, Honest, Passionate and with Some Humor”: Understanding Trust Building between British Muslims and the Wider Community

The “Trust Building” initiative, launched in the United Kingdom in April 2016, aimed to dispel myths about Islam and build trust between Muslims and the wider community. This community-led initiative involved trained Trust Building “Ambassadors” delivering workshops at places of work and other community settings to talk about Islam and facilitate open dialogue. Previously, the project reported trust among participants had significantly improved, but the reasons for this were not explored. In this paper, we unpack how and why trust was being built. Providing a forum that permits open dialogue between Muslims and the wider community allowed opportunities for stories and experiences to be shared, enabling negative stereotypes to be uncovered and addressed, and for mutual values to be recognised. With negative media portrayal and rise in hate crime towards minorities, this research is a promising model that has important implications to address the trust deficit seen within our society.

THE HYDROPOLITICS OF SOUTH ASIA: AN ANALYSIS

This paper gives a comprehensive analysis of hydropolitics of the region of South Asia. It discusses different types of water issues prevalent in the region. However, its primary focus is on the water disputes between India and Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, India and Nepal, and Pakistan and Afghanistan. This paper argues that water security has assumed great importance in South Asia because of the demand-supply gap of water. Such a regional water deficit is due to a number of factors which include climate change, over-population, intensive use of water in irrigation, and the changing lifestyle. This water crisis has resulted in regional co-riparian water disputes. These water disputes are gaining complexity due to different regional dynamics like power imbalances, upper-lower riparian syndrome, territorial disputes, and trust deficit. Keywords: South Asia, Hydro politics, Water, Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra

PRISM philosophy: empowering women in COVID times!

Study level/applicability The case is suitable for all post-graduate students and executives doing a course in human resource management (HRM). The case will enable these students to apply concepts such as inclusion, empowerment, glass ceiling, in business situations involving women. It will help them to trace the evolution path for women employees who have the traits to lead a department or organisation and assume entrepreneurial roles. Subject Area The case study is particularly beneficial for MBA students specialising in HRM focussed on leadership and training. It can be used in courses such as gender and entrepreneurship for students of MBA entrepreneurship and MBA family business management. As the case is written in India, it can explore the gender issues in emerging markets surreptitiously. Most importantly, the case addresses COVID-19 perspective adequately, to teach modules embedded in main courses of any MBA program. Case overview PRISM World Pvt Ltd is a leading training and consultancy firm in Delhi, India. The firm is owned and managed by a young woman Dr Anubha Walia. She started her career as a human resource manager in leading Indian companies, but somewhere down the line, she felt the job was not allowing her to realise the fullest potential. The Indian corporate training industry was male dominated with self-serving men, supporting the “glass ceiling”. To break the barrier, Anubha opened her training firm founded on the basis of a new philosophy, which should serve the ideals of helping and promoting women in workplace. This new philosophy was called PRISM. Anubha provided an inclusive environment which allowed her trainers to grow and feel empowered in a gender-biased industry.Very recently, when COVID-19 pandemic happened, female trainers were under tremendous strain as training requirements completely dried up, and they were rendered jobless. Most of these educated young women had small kids and paid monthly installments for their home loans, sharing the financial burden with their husbands. Some mature trainers were single women who had to support themselves through savings in these difficult times. But Anubha’s sense of empowerment at PRISM helped these women to do things which made their livelihoods turnaround even in uncertain circumstances. PRISM philosophy made a turnaround too. While employees were thinking of abandoning their companies and vice-versa, trainers at PRISM went for free webinars to draw clients to their firms and changed the concept of training and delivery in corona times.PRISM acquired a new meaning of wellness and spirituality in these difficult times and soared ahead successfully. Expected learning outcomes The case study hopes to achieve the following pedagogical objectives: 1. To educate students on manners and traits of women entrepreneurs. Besides, the usual difficulties of financing and running a business, women face adversities at home in the form of lack of access to working capital, trust deficit amongst family and friends. Basically, lack of support system to propels women into the tougher role of an entrepreneur graduating from a regular employee. Gender becomes a disability, which women had to fight in the workplace. The case introduces the PRISM philosophy as a unique methodology to inculcate inclusivity in work environment leading to women empowerment. 2. To outline all issues related to ‘glass ceiling” – the barrier which existed in the corporate world for businesswomen. Students need to know about problems women faced in the business environment as well as shortcomings within themselves, which can make them unproductive. 3. To align students first hand with the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic, specific to women. The case talks about educated young and mature women in Anubha’s firm PRISM, fighting for lost livelihood owing to reduced levels of business. But women are known to be highly resilient and empowered in the right direction will turnaround the situation in their favour. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Social implications The case has tremendous social implication for educated working women in traditional patriarchal Indian societies. Though a sizeable percentage of women have achieved higher education and started working in a male-dominated corporate world, only a small number of them are visible as entrepreneurs and/or leaders. Every woman needs to trace her journey from an employee to an entrepreneur or a CEO to assume a position of leadership. This case can be an eye opener for many such ambitious women who can build small- to mid-size businesses in a short span of time. Digital intervention is very important in COVID times to stay afloat. The author has shared links for many videos which can disseminate ideas for digital transformation in businesses. The case tries to showcase an ideal inclusive environment which will propel women to achieve their latent goals and desires breaking the 'glass ceiling.' Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

“For the Historic Record”: Memoirs, History, and Australian Political Culture

Genres of written communication do not take place in a vacuum; rather they are fundamentally influenced by historical context and socio‐political circumstance. In recent years, the political memoir genre in Australia has moved away from its tradition of personalised narrative towards a more assertive mode of historical representation. Drawing on empirical and oral history research, this article examines recent alterations in the genre as manifest in six political memoirs produced by senior members of the Rudd–Gillard Labor government. I conclude that Australia's embittered and combative political culture has driven changes in the aesthetic and epistemological features of the genre itself. This research demonstrates that the “trust deficit” embedded in contemporary democracies is manifest not only in the daily ephemera of public discourse, but also in long‐form modes and genres of political communication.

The Social Amplification of Risk Framework: A Normative Perspective on Trust?

Public trust is being lamented as the central victim of our new, digital information environment, a notion that is depicted in labeling our society as “posttruth” or “posttrust.” Within this article, we aim to call this deficit view of public trust into question and kindle a more positive outlook in future research. For this, we utilize the Social Amplification of Risk Framework to discuss trust as an inherent aspect of social interactions and to question the frameworks’ normative approach to public trust and risk perception. Utilizing a literature review of prior studies that investigated trust within the structure of SARF and a case study on the impacts of Fukushima on public trust in nuclear energy, we would like to argue that the current normative “trust deficit model” should be overcome and future risk research should increasingly focus on the opportunities of the digital informational environment for risk communication.

Fake News, Epistemic Coverage and Trust

AbstractThis article makes the case that a deficit or absence of trust in media sources to report on newsworthy items facilitates acceptance of fake news. The article begins by identifying the sort of fake news that is of interest for the purposes of this article. Epistemic coverage is then explained—in particular, how an individual's expectations about their epistemic environment can lead them to accepting or rejecting claims. The article explains that when an individual believes that mainstream media report on what is deemed newsworthy, it follows that an individual will have grounds to dismiss a newsworthy claim that has not been reported upon—such as a claim made by fake news. Trust—which has both a believed competence requirement and a believed goodwill requirement—is then discussed as part of this explanation. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the argument for regulating mainstream media.

The Global Trust Deficit Disorder: A Communications Perspective on Trust in the Time of Global Pandemics

There has been much discussion worldwide about the crisis of trust, with evidence of declining trust in social, economic, political and media institutions. The rise of populism, and the differing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic between nations, has been drawing attention to wider implications of pervasive distrust, including distrust of the media. In this article, I develop three propositions. First, I identify trust studies as a rich interdisciplinary field, linking communication to other branches of the social sciences and humanities. Second, I argue that we lack a comprehensive account of how trust has been understood in communication, and that doing so requires integrating macro-societal approaches with the “meso” level of institutions, and the “micro” level of interpersonal communication. Third, I propose that a focus upon trust would open up new perspectives on two important topics—the future of news media and journalism, and the global rise of populism.

Understanding of Stigmatization and Death Amid COVID-19 in India: A Sociological Exploration.

The unanticipated outbreak of Coronavirus had proven detrimental to human existence. It had created waves of panic, anxiety, and fear among people hence facilitating stigmatization toward an infected person. This stigmatization further influences patients health-seeking behaviour due to the trust deficit in the public health system. The virus had placed the world in an impotent situation as people helplessly watched their loved ones pass away in the absence of effective treatment. Dead bodies are denied a dignified death due to mandatory guidelines prescribed by countries to control the pandemic. This article attempts to understand the process of stigmatization of Coronavirus and its mechanism of influencing the health-seeking behaviour of people. Moreover, the way this stigmatization, accompanied by fear and anxiety, led to the denial of having a dignified death in India.

US-TALIBAN PEACE TALKS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Purpose: The study explores the after-effects of US-Taliban peace talks and how these can bring peace in decades' long war-wracked Afghanistan. It also investigates whether or not the ever-widening trust deficit between the stakeholders be bridged through these talks and in the future, Afghan soil will never be used for transnational activities. How can these talks neutralize and influence militant groups to join mainstream politics?
 Methodology: Relevant data were collected from newspaper articles, editorials, websites, journals, research reports, and magazines and minutely analyzed. The research is qualitative and explanatory cum exploratory in nature. Analytical techniques were utilized to evaluate data on the outcomes of the Doha-based US-Taliban peace talks.
 Main Findings: The study finds that it's easy to conclude table talks but hard to implement on the ground. Decades' long trust deficit will not come to an end until and unless all the stakeholders move forward positively. Intra-Afghan dialogue is the most important step to bring the political instability to an end and constitutional accommodation be made accordingly to space all these in mainstream politics.
 Applications: Findings of the study, to some extent, will be fruitful for the stakeholders to prioritize the steps to bring peace to Afghanistan. It also cautions regional and international actors to pursue their interests without using the soil of Afghanistan for seditious activities in rival countries.
 Novelty: The study is unique in the sense that it explores the ways and means through which decades’ long trust deficit can be bridged by looping into the stakeholders for lasting peace to Afghanistan and the region.

China's Drive for Innovation within a World of Profound Changes

executive summary: This essay examines China's drive for innovation as part of its national development strategy and addresses the tensions China faces between retaining control and autonomy in relevant sciences and technologies and becoming a global leader in these fields. main argument The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has assessed that the world is undergoing "profound changes unseen in a century" in part as a result of rapid advances in science and technology. The Covid-19 pandemic has heightened the impact of these changes and added to the disruption of the current global order. Such conditions present unique challenges and opportunities for China in the course of its national rejuvenation. Xi Jinping has accelerated the pursuit of China's rise as a great power, and the 14th Five-Year Plan highlights the country's capacity for innovation and to leverage science and technology in pursuit of that objective. Progress toward this goal, however, has been uneven. Although China aspires to be a new "high ground" in science and technology, the capacity for innovative Chinese technologies to go global may be undermined by a deficit of trust and transparency. If China does emerge as a leader in new frontiers of innovation in the course of the fourth industrial revolution, this shift could present significant implications for the future balance of power. policy implications • China's drive for innovation will continue to confront certain incongruities. While the CCP has prioritized innovation, the imperative of party control may undermine the necessary conditions for it. And while China has risen within and benefited from a world of open science, intense competition in the geopolitical environment is complicating that paradigm. • China and its technology companies have shown increasing technological prowess (e.g., in coping with the Covid-19 pandemic) but still face technical impediments to overcoming strangleholds in key areas, such as semiconductors, that act as chokepoints. • For the U.S. to sustain its traditional leadership in science and technology, it will need to revitalize and reinvest in innovation domestically.

Zionism and Identity Crisis: Ethnic Conflict between Israelis and Palestinians

The Palestine issue is attributed to be the most complicated problem in the region of the Middle East. However, few researchers analyze the problem through the lens of ethnic conflict. This research paper investigates that the use of Zionism as a metaphor for colonialism and its role in fostering an ethnic conflict between Israeli and Palestinians. Qualitative content analysis is used to analyze secondary data on ethnic conflict in present Israel. In addition to that bargaining model of war is used to identify the underlying issues of the ethnic conflict. The findings reveal that Zionism and identity contribute to accelerating the ethnic conflict between Israeli and Palestinians. Despite international interventions and signing many peace agreements, the problem remains unresolved due to a trust deficit between both ethnicities.

Socio-Economic Hurdles to Peacebuilding in Conflict Affected Areas of Pakistan: A Post Conflict Study of District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

It is relatively easy to stop conflict but difficult to achieve peace. Peace or peacebuilding is not merely to abate conflict rather it is an activity that aims to resolve the practices of injustice in peaceful ways and transform the socio-economic and structural conditions that cause conflicts. Societies in post conflict transitions pose the challenges of uncertainty and insecurity that are if not addressed properly with a holistic, and durable peacebuilding strategy can revert to violence and conflict. Most of these challenges are the result of social and economic imbalances that are deeply embedded in the societal structure and cultural setup which do not allow peacebuilding to be sustainable. This paper as part of PhD study aimed to investigate the factors as hurdles affecting peacebuilding in conflict affected areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan in general and specifically district Swat. In this study, qualitative research methods especially grounded theory approach and theoretical sampling are used for identification of research participants, and the data is also collected through interviews and analysis. This study aims to find the social and economic hurdles that affect peacebuilding in the conflict affected areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in general and specifically district Swat. The study shows that peacebuilding activities are suffered in target areas because of delay in justice, inadequate access of pubic to social services, trust deficit, and incompatibility of peacebuilding to local culture. The provision of social services to people and making national institutions trustworthy can build durable peace in the society.

Mapping industrial disaster recovery: Lessons from mining dam failures in Brazil

Industrial disasters are a test of human and ecological resilience and offer a complex set of choices for restorative activity after their occurrence. Unlike natural calamities, industrial disasters have greater human agency associated with their prevention and remediation. In this paper, we analyze two major disasters that occurred within a period of five years in Brazil involving similar mine tailings dams, particularly the role of participatory processes in shaping reparation. We examine the lessons from the divergent compensation mechanisms instituted afterwards and the reasons for community dissatisfaction. Our analysis reveals that ex post efforts at community participation in disaster recovery have gaps in participation. We identified some specific aspects to explain the gaps in participatory processes: power relations, role of the public sector, the timing of the process, and access to information and representation. There is danger of these recovery processes getting “lost in participation” and delivering suboptimal outcomes. There is a major trust deficit between industry and communities legacies in Latin America, further exacerbating the challenge. We conclude with global lessons from this case that can be incorporated into international processes such as creation of a new global institute and certification body on mining waste facilities, as recommended by the Global Tailings Review, which was initiated as a result of these disasters.

Economic Integration in South Asia: Opportunities and Challenges

Regional economic integration stimulates cooperation to uplift socio-economic quality of a region. Although economic integration may, sometimes, result in lesser independence of states, the benefits often outweigh the limitations. Despite encouraging growth in South Asia (pre-Covid-19 period), its contribution in global GDP remains minimal. Trust deficit, reluctance of states, political and security issues, lack of sustaining infrastructure, are some factors affecting gainful integration. Regional economic integration, nevertheless, offers exciting prospects to synergise mutual comparative advantages, trade and commercial gains, investment opportunities in other states. This paper analysis various initiatives within the South Asian region and their impact on regional integration. The pandemic of Covid-19 has worsened socioeconomic predicament and trade transactions in the region. Given the socio-economic and poverty issues, SAARC integration can aid in political stability, socio-economic development thus ensuring overall growth of the region and individual countries.

Non-invasive load-shed authentication model for demand response applications assisted by event-based non-intrusive load monitoring

With today's growth of prosumers and renewable energy resources, it is inevitable to incorporate the demand-side approaches for reliable and sustainable grid operation. In this context, demand response is a promising technique facilitating the consumers to play a substantial role in the energy market by altering their energy consumption patterns in times of peak demand or other critical contingencies. However, effective demand response deployment faces numerous challenges including trust deficit among the concerned stakeholders. This paper addresses the mentioned issue by proposing a non-invasive load-shed authentication model for demand response applications, assisted by an improved event-based non-intrusive load monitoring approach. For the said purposes, an improved event detection algorithm and machine learning model: support vector machine with a combination of genetic algorithm and GridSearchCV, is presented. This paper also presents a comprehensive real-world case study to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in a real-life scenario. In the given context, all the simulations are carried out on low sampling real-world load measurements: Pecan Street-Dataport, where electric vehicle and air conditioning are employed as potential load elements for evaluation purposes. Based on the presented case study and analysis of the results, it is established that the presented improved event-based non-intrusive load monitoring approach yields promising performance in the context of multi-class classification. Moreover, it is also concluded that the proposed low sampling event-based non-intrusive load monitoring assisted non-invasive load-shed authentication model is a viable and promising solution for the effective implementation of demand response applications.

Building trust: How leaders can engender feelings of trust among followers

Trust has long been recognized across cultures, industries, and organizations as a key component of social exchange. Yet in many communities and organizations throughout the world, there is a growing trust deficit. In this article, we explore what leaders can do to generate trust among the individuals within their organizations to help facilitate better relationships and positive outcomes for both individuals and organizations. More specifically, we present a qualitative study in which semistructured interviews with employees at an assisted-living care facility highlight two ways that leaders can build trust within their organizations: (1) by demonstrating humility in their communication and (2) by exhibiting compassion in their behavior. We further highlight two characteristics, authenticity and proactivity, that can help leaders increase the effectiveness of these actions. By making these behaviors part of how they lead, leaders and managers can more successfully generate feelings of trust among the individuals within their organizations and help their organizations to maintain and strengthen their competitive advantage.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LABOR LAW AND RELATIONS

This study deals with the need and difficulties in its implementation, legal regulation of the position of artificial intelligence in labor relations, its impact on the labor market in the near and distant future, the deficit of trust and limited awareness of contemporary and future employees about its potential and its positive and negative possibilities. The ideal for which “learned machines” can be considered in our society is still far from. We will have to wait for the integration of intelligent robots with employees. At present, one can only consider whether artificial intelligence can help or harm people in employment relationships. Artificial intelligence taking over millions of jobs will not take people away from all the work that exists in the labor markets and is currently performed by people. Instead, it can compete effectively with the types of routine work performed by humans. It will create new, more favorable employment conditions. It will force people of the working age to prepare for the necessary necessity of permanent vocational training.

Challenges to Establish Effective Public-Private Partnerships to Address Malnutrition in All Its Forms.

Background: Every country is affected by some form of malnutrition. Some governments and nutrition experts look to public-private partnerships (PPPs) to address the burden of malnutrition. However, nutrition-related PPPs face opposition, are difficult to form, and there is limited evidence of their effectiveness. Methods: We conducted a literature review and 30 semi-structured interviews with individuals involved in or researching nutrition-related PPPs to identify the factors that shape their creation and effectiveness in food systems. Results: Several factors make it difficult to establish nutrition-related PPPs in food systems: a lack of understanding of the causal pathways behind many nutrition problems; a weak architecture for the global governance of nutrition; power imbalances between public and private sector nutrition actors; and disagreements in the nutrition community on the advisability of engaging the private sector. These complexities in turn make it difficult for PPPs to be effective once established due to goal ambiguity and misalignment, resource imbalances, and weak accountability. Conclusion: If effective nutrition-related PPPs are to be established, private sector conflicts of interest must be addressed, trust deficits between private and public sector actors must be surmounted, and evidence must be assessed as to whether PPPs can achieve more for public health nutrition than private and public sector actors working separately.