True State Research Articles

True state and outcome of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma in Japan: a retrospective questionnaire survey to evaluate the clinical factors affecting the prognosis of rare pediatric brain tumors by the Study Group of “Nationwide Multicenter Studies to establish Standard Treatment for Childhood Brain Tumors” in the Japan Children’s Cancer Group (JCCG) financed through a grant from the Japan Agency for

True state and outcome of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma in Japan: a retrospective questionnaire survey to evaluate the clinical factors affecting the prognosis of rare pediatric brain tumors by the Study Group of “Nationwide Multicenter Studies to establish Standard Treatment for Childhood Brain Tumors” in the Japan Children’s Cancer Group (JCCG) financed through a grant from the Japan Agency for

Differential Privacy in Social Networks Using Multi-Armed Bandit

There has been an exponential growth over the years in the number of users connected to social networks. This has spurred research interest in social networks to ensure the privacy of users. From a theoretical standpoint, a social network is modeled as a directed graph network and interactions among agents in the directed graph network can be analyzed with non-Bayesian learning and online learning strategies. The goal of the agents is to learn the underlying time-varying true state of the network through repeated cooperative interaction among themselves. To overcome privacy challenges in social networks, recent research works include differential privacy in the social network analysis to guarantee the privacy of shared information among the agents. However, the common online learning strategy adopted in most existing work is the stochastic multi-armed bandit approach which assumes that the loss distribution is independent and identically distributed. This does not account for the arbitrariness of the time-varying true state in the social network. Therefore, this paper proposes a tougher but realistic setting that removes the restriction on the loss distribution. Two non-stochastic multi-armed bandit algorithms are proposed. The first algorithm uses the Laplace mechanism to guarantee differential privacy against a third-party intruder. The second algorithm uses the Laplace mechanism to guarantee differential privacy against both a third-party intruder and any spying agent in the network. The simulation results show that the agents’ beliefs converge to the most dominant true state among the sequence of arbitrarily time-varying true states over the time horizon. The speed of convergence comes as a trade-off with privacy. Regret bounds are obtained for the proposed algorithms and compared to the non-private algorithm in the literature.

Quantum Mechanics Hypothesis of Solar System Structure: Quantum de Broglie Wavelength, LQG Similitude and Slow Bang Theory (SB)

This idea of quantifying the energy of bodies orbiting the Sun is not new. We have identified that quantization applies well if we use the true quantum number associated with the true energy state of rotating bodies. This quantum number is very high for the main bodies or planets (10~70 to 76). However, since quantum energy levels E are very high and ΔE very low we observe that bodies can in practice occupy all orbits. Thus, the current observed stable positions of the bodies are the results of the quantization and the sum of the effects of other perturbative phenomena. To find a quantum state starting with n = 1, we expressed the true integer quantum numbers as a function of that of the planet Mercury and we find an excellent correlation. However, the search for a correlation of prediction of the average orbital radius of bodies using the simple integer number n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, … is not excellent for bodies beyond the planet Pluto. Indeed, several trans-Neptunian bodies have similar integer quantum numbers, which poses a problem in the sequence of integer numbers beyond 10. Moreover, it appears that the trans-Neptunian bodies seem to be grouped for many of them according to relatively well-defined bands. The study made it possible to question the de Broglie wavelength of bodies (10~-58 to -65 m). Indeed, with the hypothesis of Planck quantities that would apply to the scale of the universe, it is difficult to conceive that de Broglie wavelengths are less than the Planck length lp. This led to an expression of the modified de Broglie wavelength λm that predicts an asymptotic lower limit value equal to πlp. This modified de Broglie wavelength makes it possible to obtain a better correlation for the prediction of the average orbital radius of bodies. Finally, this modified wavelength of de Broglie made it possible to put into perspective the concept of the quantification of space with the idea of the minimum wavelength associated with photon’s energies during the generation of the energy of the universe according to a model already presented in this review. This modified de Broglie wavelength also makes it possible to imagine that the quantification of the volume of space involves the geometry of the sphere and the cube.

Проблемные зоны экспертного исследования по факту суицида у несовершеннолетних

The psychological analysis of 41 complex inpatient psychological and psychiatric examination of the suicidal state of minors was carried out. The purpose of the work: to identify psychological phenomena that mask the true experiences and states of adolescents before the realization of suicide. Significant categories of analysis have been identified that determine the structure of this expert study. Various manifestations of the self-image in minors are described, determined by the mobility of the psyche and the processes of adaptation to various life circumstances, requirements, expectations of the microsocium; the absence of external stable signs of mood decline and suicidal readiness in a significant part of suicides. The phenomenon of masking pre-suicidal states in adolescents, its predictors and mechanisms are revealed. The revealed dissociation between the absence of external manifestations of the presuicidal state, an objectively acute psychotraumatic situation and the act itself makes it difficult to assess the measure of subjective intolerance for a minor of his position, to determine the true motives and reasons for suicide, broadcast and hidden emotions.

Constrained Convex Generators: A Tool Suitable for Set-Based Estimation With Range and Bearing Measurements

Autonomous vehicles in GPS-denied areas or when cooperating in missions might have access to bearing and range measurements corrupted by noise, rendering the reachable set to be nonconvex since the measurement set is a segment of an annulus in 2D or a spherical shell in 3D. There are various alternatives that could be used in the literature to over-approximate the set by a convex one. However, given the circular part caused by the range measurement, adopting an exact polytopic description would require an infinite number of hyperplanes. In a similar fashion, using ellipsoids suffers from the same problem due to the hyperplane constraints arising from the bearing part. Moreover, if only bearing measurements are available, the measurement set should be unbounded. Motivated by these observations, we propose a generalization of the definition for constrained zonotopes recently introduced in the literature to also consider the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> norm and cones (or any other convex set for that matter) as to represent these sets with less conservatism. Given the exact nature of the propagation, these can serve as a worst-case bounds for the true state which is relevant in some applications such as collision avoidance. In simulations, we also illustrate the performance of the computations to be suitable for relatively small sampling times.

A new approach to measure wettability by relative permeability measurements

Wettability is a key factor controlling the flow of fluids, solutes, heat and electrical current in porous media, and therefore it is important in studies of various processes including CO2 storage, secondary and tertiary oil recovery, as well as the displacement of water and nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL). Although Amott-Harvey and USBM are conventional industry-standard techniques for measuring average wettability, they have some limitations. In this paper, we show that, in a plot of the relative permeability of a fluid, the area below the curve is closely related to the wettability. By using the areas below the water and oil relative permeability curves, we derive a new wettability index (called modified Lak). To demonstrate the applicability of this new index and testing other indices, we performed primary imbibition relative permeability, and primary imbibition and secondary drainage capillary pressure measurements on twenty carbonate reservoir samples. In general, all indices predicted oil-wet character of the tested rocks. USBM was associated with the broadest range of variation, whereas the new index corresponded to the smallest range of variation. Amott-Harvey and Lak, however, fell between USBM and the new index, with fairly similar ranges of variation. In addition, we report the correlations between different indices, and the change of wettability indices vs. reservoir depth. Advantages and limitations of different wettability indices are also discussed. Since each wettability index has some limitations in revealing the true state of wettability, none of these indices can be considered as an absolute measurement. Therefore, different indices should be regarded as complementary to each other, and determination of wettability should not be limited to only one method.

АНАЛИЗ КАПИТАЛ ТЕРРИТОРИИ В ЧАСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЯ МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The paper analyzes the capital of the territory in terms of agricultural engineering in Moscow region and assesses the possibility of conducting financial and economic condition of machine-building enterprises producing products for agriculture using the standard methodology. The conducted analysis of the financial and economic activity of machine-building enterprises shows that the application of the same method to enterprises with the same OKVED and different operational/production cycle gives not quite a real/not comparable picture of the financial and economic activity of the enterprise. Also, the declared codes of OKVED of enterprises, in which they operate, do not correspond to the true state of their affairs.

Conceptual Problems in Bell’s Inequality and Quantum Entanglement

The description of the microscopic world in quantum mechanics is very different from that in classical physics, and there are some points of view that are contrary to intuition and logic. The first is the problem of reality; quantum mechanics believes the behavior of micro particles is random and jumping. The second is the loss of certainty; the conjugate physical variables of a system cannot be determined synchronously, they satisfy the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The third is the non-local correlation. The measurement of one particle in the quantum entanglement pair will influence the state of the other entangled particle simultaneously. In this paper, some concepts related to quantum entanglement, such as EPR correlation, quantum entanglement correlation function, Bell’s inequality and so on, are analyzed in detail. Analysis shows that the mystery and confusion in quantum theory may be caused by the logical problems in its basic framework. Bell’s inequality is only a mathematical theorem, but its physical meaning is actually unclear. The Bell state of quantum entangled pair may not satisfy the dynamic equation of quantum theory, so it cannot describe the true state of microscopic particles. In this paper, the correct correlation functions of spin entanglement pair and photonic entanglement pair are strictly derived according to normal logic. Quantum theory is a more fundamental theory than classical mechanics, and they are not equal relation in logic. However, there are still some unreasonable contents in the framework of quantum theory, which need to be improved. In order to disclose the real relationship between quantum theory and classical mechanics, we propose some experiments which provide intuitionistic teaching materials for the new interpretation of quantum theory.

Patients Found Willing to Answer Routine Question on Firearm Access

Patients Found Willing to Answer Routine Question on Firearm Access

Pipeline Leak Detection Using Acoustic Emission and State Estimate in Feature Space

Existing acoustic emission signal–based methods for pipeline leak detection usually denoise the raw signals directly in signal–space, then extract signatures from denoised signals, and finally classify normal/leaky states via classifiers trained using offline datasets. Their complex computational structures may limit their real–time application, especially, when they will be required to analyze massive amounts of data. Furthermore, these methods may not be effective in leak detection in real pipelines where acoustic emission signals might be prone to constant fluctuation. This paper proposes a novel technique to mitigate these issues. It combines a Kalman filter and an outlier removal technique to estimate the true state in feature–space and identifies a leak through normalized distance from an unknown class to a well–known class with a threshold. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an average true detection rate of 96.9% and an average omission rate of 3.6% compared to existing methods, which achieve a maximum average true detection rate of 92% and a minimum average omission rate of 8.8%. Moreover, the proposed method can achieve these results in real time.

Applying Multistate Mark-Recapture Models with State Uncertainty to Estimate Survival and Reproduction of Quail

Obtaining unbiased estimates of vital rates and understanding how vital rates change in response to environmental stimuli are a continual pursuit of ecologists. Multistate mark-recapture (MSMR) models provide a flexible framework for evaluating dependent vital rates in a comprehensive analysis. For example, a bird must remain alive during breeding season to initiate a nest (i.e., transition from a nonbreeding to a breeding state); thus, the probability that a bird initiates a nest is dependent on the probability that it is still alive. Traditional MSMR models allow only for the estimation of survival, detection, and state transition parameters and depend on the assumption that observers can correctly classify the true state of the animal without error. If the potential for state misclassification exists, incorporating parameters to estimate state uncertainty will reduce biases in the biological parameters of interest. I applied an MSMR model with state uncertainty (MSMR-SU) to estimate short-term survival, dispersal, and reproduction in translocated scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) reintroduced to a large landscape in West Texas, USA. I tested for the effects of release treatment, source population, age, release location, and year on demographic parameters (e.g., survival, dispersal, nest initiation, renesting rate, and nest success). I demonstrated a novel method of estimating nest initiation and renesting rate for avian species using a MSMR-SU model. MSMR-SU models provide a flexible and rigorous approach for evaluating effects of variables on demographic parameters for quail and other species.

MARITAL MALADJUSTMENT AND DISPOSITION IN ANITA DESAI’S ‘BYE-BYE BLACK BIRD’

Literature is one of the most prevailing and ancient ways of understanding life as well as the world. Especially women and literature are clearly related to each other because women writings revealed the true state of society and its treatment of women. Unlike other writers Anita Desai didn't use conventional and not influenced by folk tales, myths and epics but presented her novels in realistic manner by adapting current problems related to woman-man relationship, cultural conflicts, disposition, mangled psyche and marital maladjustment. Bye- Bye Black bird is such a novel. The story deals with two main characters Dev and Adit in London. Adit an Anglophile turns into a hopeless nostalgic returnee and Dev an Anglophobe turns into a hopeful Anglicized inhabitant of London. Sarah, an English woman, moves away from her parents and marries Adit. The Conflict idea between the Indianess of Adit and Sarah’s own Western self runs in her mind throughout the novel. This paper mainly aims to analyze marital maladjustment in Anita Desai’s Bye- Bye Black Bird."

Linear Quantum State Observers

This paper considers the use of linear state observers to infer the unknown state (density matrix) of a closed quantum system using generalized quantum measurement—positive operator-valued measures (POVMs). An efficient test for observability is described in terms of two quantum observability matrices. The main contribution of this work is the development of a canonical quantum state observer, which may be utilized to estimate the state of any closed quantum system using POVM measurements. The observer ensures the state estimation error tends to the unobservable space of the system, which is exactly zero when the system is observable. The space of Hermitian matrices is shown to be invariant with respect to the dynamics of the canonical observer, which allows one to project the observer's state onto the space of valid quantum density operators while retaining convergence to the true state.

PDR/Geomagnetic Fusion Localization Method Based on AOFA-Improved Particle Filter

Particle filter is commonly used in various indoor positioning schemes, but sample impoverishment and weight degradation generally exist in particle filter. To solve this problem, this article uses the firefly algorithm to optimize particle filter. Using the global optimal value in the particle swarm to guide the remaining particles to update their positions, the particles tend to move to the high likelihood area, which can more accurately describe the true state of the target observation. At the same time, to avoid particles falling into local optimum and oscillating repeatedly at the extreme point, the mathematical model of the firefly algorithm is reconstructed in this article, which is named as adaptive optimization firefly algorithm (AOFA). The experimental results show that the positioning scheme can provide the positioning accuracy with an average error of less than 0.5 m. Compared with the traditional particle filter, the positioning accuracy is improved by 120%.

H∞-Optimal Interval Observer Synthesis for Uncertain Nonlinear Dynamical Systems via Mixed-Monotone Decompositions

This paper introduces a novel H&#x221E;-optimal interval observer synthesis for bounded-error/uncertain locally Lipschitz nonlinear continuous-time (CT) and discrete-time (DT) systems with noisy nonlinear observations. Specifically, using mixed-monotone decompositions, the proposed observer is correct by construction, i.e., the interval estimates readily frame the true states without additional constraints or procedures. In addition, we provide sufficient conditions for input-to-state (ISS) stability of the proposed observer and for minimizing the H&#x221E; gain of the framer error system in the form of semi-definite programs (SDPs) with Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) constraints. Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed H&#x221E;-optimal interval observers with some benchmark CT and DT interval observers.

Information Design and Sensitivity to Market Fundamentals

I study the problem of firms that disclose verifiable information to each other publicly, in the form of Blackwell Experiments, before engaging in strategic decisions. The signals designed can be either interpreted as statistical reports or as slices of physical quantities, i.e. market segments. Before the state of the world is realized, firms choose a signal policy, an estimation technique, about a private individual payoff state and then are forced to publicize the results of the investigations to all other firms before engaging in price or quantity competition. Because signals are made public, when a firm tries to assess the firm's individual payoff, it also ends up revealing the same information to her opponents. Full Disclosure enables companies to adapt to local market fundamentals at the expense of releasing crucial information to the competitors. On the other hand, Partial Revelation makes companies loose optimality of the decisions with regards to the true state of the world but enable them to commit to an aggressive policy of preclusion that increases the frequency of a favorable distribution of players actions. Whereas Partial Revelation acts as a commitment device and preclude entry in otherwise competitive markets, inducing insensitivity of the decisions with respect to local fundamentals, decentralized decision making is a dominant strategy when the profile of competitors is constant across markets or when a company cannot influence the extensive margin entry decision of the competitor with more or less disclosure of information. Since decentralization acts as a way to correlate decisions with local market fundamentals, and running one single policy in multiple states of the world acts as a commitment device to avoid competitors, I describe a trade off between commitment over a distribution of actions versus correlation with states of the world.

Implementation of the Romanian Mining Strategy 2017-2035, with special regard to pit coal: failure or abandonment?

Jiu Valley is currently the only national mining basin capable of producing pit coal. Romania has undergone an extensive industrial restructuring in the last 30 years, including mining, which has led to job losses, generated economic-social and environmental effects that have severely affected the quality of life of the inhabitants of mining communities. As a consequence, the Mining Strategy of Romania 2017 - 2035 was elaborated. The paper analyses the objectives, measures and actions provided in the strategy related to the exploitation of pit coal, putting, face to face, the true state of the mines and the inhabitants of Jiu Valley. 4 years after the elaboration of the Strategy, it is clear that it has not yet come to life: mines are still being closed, there is no clear vision for the sustainable development of mining communities, the mine closure process, the greening of post-closure areas is difficult or not at all, research (e.g. capture of methane from coal), development and innovation are not stimulated, the operation of coal-fired power plants is endangered, with major implications on the supply of inhabitants with heating and of domestic hot water -resulting in major discomfort for locals.

The Actuality of a World: What Ceases Not to Be Written

“There is no longer any world,” wrote the late philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy in 1993, and in this paper, the sense of this loss of world is analysed in terms of the modal notions of necessity, impossibility, and possibility. Modal differentiation can illuminate what constitutes the sense of actuality in a world, and hence, what it is that has been lost regarding this actuality of being in a world. Modal thinking does not rely on knowledge of the true state of affairs, nor on having a constant grasp on necessity: modal thinking enables us to discern the actual by way of the relations between necessity, possibility, and impossibility. It is on the basis of these relations that a mode of rethinking actuality is suggested. In order to pursue this line of thought, I rely on Jacques Lacan’s understanding of modalities as writing operations, concentrating mostly on certain sections from his Seminar XXI (1973–1974), wherein he refers to Aristotelian modal logic and mentions the analytic philosopher Jaakko Hintikka (as one of Aristotle’s commentators). This ternary relation between Aristotle, Hintikka, and Lacan suggests a different outlook on the actual being-such of a world. The being-such of a world, its actuality, is understood as a contingency (what ceases not to be written), a possibility emerging from the relation between what is declared necessary and what is impossible. The paper shows the implications of such a modal understanding of actuality, as demonstrated in Lacan’s view of human sexuality and sexual difference.

Robust Nonlinear Model Predictive Control With Model Predictive Sliding Mode for Continuous-Time Systems

Abstract This paper presents a robust, tube-based nonlinear model predictive controller for continuous-time systems with additive disturbances which cascades two sampled-data model predictive controllers: the first creates a desired path using nominal dynamics, and the second maintains the true state close to the nominal state by regulating a sliding variable designed on the error between the true and nominal states. The sampled-data model predictive approach permits easy incorporation of continuous-time sliding mode dynamics, allowing a dynamic boundary layer and tube design to be included. In this way, the control applied to the system capitalizes on the robustness properties of traditional sliding mode control (SMC) while incorporating system constraints. Stability analysis is presented in the context of input-to-state stability (ISS) for continuous-time systems. The proposed controller is implemented on two case studies, is compared to benchmark tube-based model predictive controllers, and is evaluated using average root-mean-square (RMS) values on the state and input variables, in addition to average integral square error (ISE) and integral absolute error (IAE) values on the position states. Results reveal that the proposed technique responds to higher levels of disturbance with significant increases in control effort, eliminates constraint violation by using of constrained SMC as the secondary controller, and maintains similar tracking performance to benchmark controllers at lower levels of control effort.

Data Learning: Integrating Data Assimilation and Machine Learning

Data Assimilation (DA) is the approximation of the true state of some physical system by combining observations with a dynamic model. DA incorporates observational data into a prediction model to improve forecasted results. These models have increased in sophistication to better fit application requirements and circumvent implementation issues. Nevertheless, these approaches are incapable of fully overcoming their unrealistic assumptions. Machine Learning (ML) shows great capability in approximating nonlinear systems and extracting meaningful features from high-dimensional data. ML algorithms are capable of assisting or replacing traditional forecasting methods. However, the data used during training in any Machine Learning (ML) algorithm include numerical, approximation and round off errors, which are trained into the forecasting model. Integration of ML with DA increases the reliability of prediction by including information with a physical meaning. This work provides an introduction to Data Learning, a field that integrates Data Assimilation and Machine Learning to overcome limitations in applying these fields to real-world data. The fundamental equations of DA and ML are presented and developed to show how they can be combined into Data Learning. We present a number of Data Learning methods and results for some test cases, though the equations are general and can easily be applied elsewhere.