Trivalent Bismuth Research Articles

Complexometric Determination of Trivalent Metal Ions Using 1,2‐Naphthoquinone‐4‐Sulphonic Acid‐2‐Thiosemicarbazone as Metallochromic Indicator

Abstract1,2‐Naphthoquinone‐4‐sulphonic acid‐2‐thiosemicarbazone (NQTS‐4S) has been used as visual indicator in the complexometric determination of trivalent metal ions, aluminium, gallium, indium, bismuth and iron. Simultaneous determination of aluminium and iron and of aluminium and copper has also been carried out. The standard deviation and percentage errors have also been calculated.

On the question of Bi(III) complexes in NaCl

The absorption of trivalent bismuth in solutions of sodium chloride of different concentrations was studied. The absorption bands were ascribed to complexes of bismuth with chlorine. The agreement between absorption bands in NaCl and KCl crystals doped with bismuth and in sufficiently concentrated solutions shows that bismuth in these crystals forms an octahedral complex with six neighbouring chlorine ions.

ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL(II)‐BISMUTH(III) BOND FORMATION IN NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES OF TRIS(O‐DIMETHYLARSINOPHENYL)BISMUTHINE

AbstractDie Wismutverbindung (I) reagiert mit Nickelhalogeniden (II) und Natriumtetraphenylborat" (III) in Äthanol zu den Nickel‐Komplexen (IV).

Nickel(II)–bismuth(III) bond formation in nickel(II) complexes of tris(o-dimethylarsinophenyl)bismuthine

Tris(o-dimethylarsinophenyl)bismuthine (bitas) forms the square pyramidal complexes [Ni(bitas)X]BPh4(X = halide), the first examples of trivalent bismuth co-ordinated to a 3d transition metal in a positive oxidation state, and [Ni2(bitas)3]4+, which contains examples of bitas functioning as a tridentate and a tetra-dentate ligand.

Diffusion of Bismuth Ions in Potassium Chloride Crystals

The diffusion of bismuth in single crystals of potassium chloride was measured by a spectrophotometric method. The measurements were carried out in the temperature range 275°–674°C. The Arrhenius plot consists of two straight lines intersecting at about 400°C. The corresponding diffusion coefficients are expressed by D<400°C = 1.7 × 10− 3exp(− 0.63 / kT), D>400°C = 5.6× 10− 3exp(− 0.97 / kT). In the high-temperature region bismuth diffuses in its divalent state. The energy of formation of the diffusing complex Bi2 + and vacancy is found to be 0.57 eV. The low-temperature diffusion is that of trivalent bismuth and is attributed to an interstitial mechanism limited by the jump frequency w1. An interstitial mechanism is also proposed for other polyvalent cations with small radii which are able to exist in tetrahedral coordination.

REDUCTION OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH MOLECULAR HYDROGEN BYMICROCOCCUS LACTILYTICUSI

Woolfolk, C. A. (University of Washington, Seattle) and H. R. Whiteley. Reduction of inorganic compounds with molecular hydrogen by Micrococcus lactilyticus. I. Stoichiometry with compounds of arsenic, selenium, tellurium, transition and other elements. J. Bacteriol. 84:647-658. 1962.-Extracts of Micrococcus lactilyticus (Veillonella alcalescens) oxidize molecular hydrogen at the expense of certain compounds of arsenic, bismuth, selenium, tellurium, lead, thallium, vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, osmium, ruthenium, gold, silver, and uranium, as well as molecular oxygen. Chemical and manometric data indicate that the following reductions are essentially quantitative: arsenate to arsenite, pentavalent and trivalent bismuth to the free element, selenite via elemental selenium to selenide, tellurate and tellurite to tellurium, lead dioxide and manganese dioxide to the divalent state, ferric to ferrous iron, osmium tetroxide to osmate ion, osmium dioxide and trivalent osmium to the metal, uranyl uranium to the tetravalent state, vanadate to the level of vanadyl, and polymolybdate ions to molybdenum blues with an average valence for molybdenum of +5. The results of a study of certain other hydrogenase-containing bacteria with respect to their ability to carry out some of the same reactions are also presented.

Some Properties of Bismuth Perovskites

The crystallographic and dielectric properties of complex perovskites are described in terms of average A- and B-site ionic radii, charges, and electronic structures. The relative importance of these to the ferroelectric state is evaluated by a study of a number of solid solutions containing trivalent bismuth. Two new ferroelectrics, Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 and Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, and the phase diagrams of the systems BixKxBa1–2xTiO3, Bi0.5KxNa0.5—xTiO3, BixKxPb1–2xZrO3, and BixNaxPb1–2xZrO3 are reported.