Abstract
Nanocrystalline powders of Sr 1 − x Bi 2 + y Nb 2O 9 (SBN, x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4; y = 0, 0.066, 0.133, 0.200, and 0.266) were prepared by aqueous solution method using water-soluble Sr–EDTA, Bi–EDTA and Nb–tartarate as the starting materials. XRD showed that the samples were free from fluorite or pyrochlore phase within heat-treatment temperature from 550 to 600 °C. Average crystallite size and particle diameter were observed to be between 10 and 25 nm, which were analyzed through XRD and TEM, respectively. Bi-substitution has substantially improved the sinterability of SBN and enabled to achieve high density (96%), which was otherwise difficult in the case of pure SBN. The dielectric properties of SBN ceramics were significantly enhanced by the partial replacement of Sr 2+ ions by the trivalent bismuth ions. The complex impedance diagrams of Bi-substituted SBN, x = 0.4 ceramics exhibited only one semicircle indicating a significant contribution from the grains. In contrast, the impedance plots for pure and other substituted SBN ceramics show an additional low-frequency semicircle, which was attributed to the blocker size effects. The dielectric behavior of pure and Bi-substituted SBN ceramics was rationalized using the impedance and modulus data.
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