Triticale Varieties Research Articles

The influence of conditions on water holding capacity characteristics of triticale varieties planted in the Samarkand region

In this article, the possibilities of water holding capacity in the leaves of triticale varieties were studied in the conditions of LFMC-70% and arid LFMC-50% of grassland-gray soils of Samarkand region, and the drought resistance characteristics of the varieties were studied. LFMC (Limited Field Moisture Capacity) was maintained at 70% under normal conditions and LFMC at 50% under dry conditions. According to the results of the experimental analysis, drought conditions had a significant and negative effect on the productivity of all studied genotypes. It was found that triticale cultivars "Odessiy" and "Tikhon" grown under LFMC-50% conditions in drought conditions meet water deficit less in all development phases and at all times of the day and are drought resistant compared to other cultivars. Analysis of the physiological and biochemical bases of adaptation in the selection of drought-resistant triticale varieties and the research conducted on the selection and obtaining of fertile varieties suitable for this region are described.

On the Anniversary of the Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Stanislav Ivanovich Grib

Stanislav Ivanovich Grib, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, an Honored Scientist of the Republic of Belarus, a Laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Belarus, an Academician of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Belarus, a Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, a talented Belarusian scientist in the field of plant breeding, known in the country and abroad, the leader of the Belarusian scientific school in the area of breeding and seed production, an experienced organizer of agricultural science, turned 80 years old on August 6, 2024. He was the first in Belarus to scientifically substantiate and implement in practice a new scientific direction, that is, breeding of intensive varieties of grain crops with a yield of 10-12 t/ha of grain; developed methods for broadening genetic diversity and identifying genotypes that combine high productivity and good product quality with tolerance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors; substantiated the parameters of the model of intensive varieties; created and introduced into production systems of highly productive, resource-saving varieties of barley, triticale, and spring wheat. The results of his research have been published in more than 700 scientific works, including 12 monographs, books and textbooks. Stanislav Ivanovich is the author of eight inventions and 89 varieties of agricultural plants. Academician S.I. Grib, the leader of the scientific school of plant breeding in Belarus, trained four doctors and twelve candidates of science. S.I. Grib's achievements have been recognized abroad. He was elected a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, an Honorary Professor of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a member of the European Association of Plant Breeders (EUCARPIA), and an Honorary Doctor of the Belarusian Agricultural Academy (BSAA). Stanislav Ivanovich was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, a diploma of the Supreme Council of the BSSR, medals and diplomas of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements, honorary diplomas of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Belarus, and the Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Agriculture.

Resistance to fungal diseases in plant forms is achieved by crossing varieties of spring soft wheat with varieties of spring triticale and wild wheat species

Resistance to fungal diseases in plant forms is achieved by crossing varieties of spring soft wheat with varieties of spring triticale and wild wheat species

Эффективность протравливания семян тритикале препаратами защитного действия в Приамурье

Abstract. The purpose is to establish a productive seed disinfectant for spring triticale varieties with a protective and stimulating effect. During field experiments methods were used that tested pesticides and determined the economic efficiency of using research results in agriculture. The relevance and national and economic significance of the development is determined by farmers’ demand in the extreme conditions of the Far East to increase the efficiency of treating triticale seeds, identifying protective agrochemicals against a complex of diseases that help to improve biological and economic indicators when cultivating triticale. The scientific novelty of research is associated with the establishment of effective agrochemicals to protect seedlings from pathogens of the genus Fusarium and reduce grain losses of spring triticale varieties in years of different meteorological conditions. Results. Biological effectiveness of agrochemicals against fungal diseases Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp. and B. sorokiniana was revealed in laboratory conditions. High biological effectiveness was reveled for “Maxim”, average – for “Kinto Duo” and low – for “Inshur Perform”. The greatest effect from treating seeds with agrochemicals was in Ukro variety, followed by Karmen and Yarilo. Significantly high effectiveness of agrochemicals “Maxim” and “Kinto Duo” against strains of fungi from the genus Fusarium in field conditions was revealed on seedlings of Ukro and Yarilo varieties. The prevalence of diseases in triticale seedlings depended by 24.1 % on year conditions, by 7.7 % on genotype and by 42.3 % on agrochemicals. Fungicidal seed disinfectants “Kinto Duo” and “Maxim” (2 l/t) confirmed the effect declared by the manufacturers and statistically significantly surpassed the seed disinfectant “Inshur Perform” (0.5 l/t) in biological effectiveness and positive effect on grain yield of triticale varieties. They contributed to obtain grain yields that significantly exceeded the control level by 0.3 and 0.33 t/ha. Their conditionally net income in comparison with the option without a fungicides reached +3298.8 and +2314.1 rubles/ha, respectively.

Isolation and study of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from Triticosecale Wittmack growing in Almaty region

This article presents data on isolation and characterization of native plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the rhizosphere and root-endosphere of X Triticosecale Wittmack growing in Almaty region. A total of 22 distinct (eighteen gram-negative and four gram-positive) bacterial isolates were identified, classified according to their spore-forming activity: eighteen non-spore-forming and four spore-forming bacteria. Bacterial isolates were screened in vitro for PGPR characteristics and evaluated for their beneficial effects on the early growth of triticale variety X Triticosecale Wittmack. The findings of our research indicated isolation of four growth-promoting bacteria (AS4, AS6, AR1, TS6), three antifungal bacteria (AR2 and AS7), and one strain of combined action, i.e. high growth-promoting and fungistatic activity (AR6). Research has demonstrated that PGPR can be utilized as biofertilizers for crop production. Study marks the beginning of a larger investigation into the bacterial diversity of the triticale variety X Triticosecale Wittmack in the Almaty region.

Breadmaking Quality Parameters of Different Varieties of Triticale Cultivars.

The aim of this research is to investigate the quality of different triticale cultivars (Ingen 35, Ingen 33, Ingen 93, Ingen 54, Ingen 40, Fanica and Costel) cultivated in the Republic of Moldova from the point of view of the flour, dough, and bread quality characteristics. This research may be of great importance for producers and consumers due to the high production capacity, wide adaptability, economic significance in human foods and nutritional value of triticale cultivars. The triticale flours were analyzed for moisture, ash, protein, wet gluten, fat, carbohydrates, acidity and color parameters (L*, a* and b* values). According to the chemical values, the triticale flours were suitable for breadmaking. The moisture content was less than 14% for all triticale varieties, indicating a long shelf life during its storage and the lowest protein content of 13.1%. The mixing, pasting and fermentation characteristics of triticale dough were analyzed using Mixolab, falling number, dynamic rheometer, alveograph and rheofermentometer devices. All triticale flours presented high levels of α-amylase, with falling number values being less than 70 s. The bread quality characteristics analyzed were the loaf volume, porosity, acidity, and sensory characteristics, and the textural parameters examined were the hardness, gumminess, chewiness, cohesiveness, and resilience. Our data showed large differences in breadmaking quality parameters. However, according to the sensory data, all the bread samples except those obtained from the Costel variety were of a very good quality, being within a total sensory range of 25.26-29.85 points. According to the relationships between flour, dough and bread characteristics obtained through principal component analysis, it may be concluded that the triticale varieties Costel, Ingen 33, Ingen 93 and Fanica, and Ingen 35 were more closely associated with each other. Significant differences were found between the triticale variety samples Ingen 40, Fanica, and Ingen 35 and between Ingen 54, Ingen 33, Costel, and Ingen 93.

Powdery midlew is a dangerous disease of spring triticale in the far east

The studies were carried out in 2015–2022. in order to determine the degree of damage to collection samples of spring triticale by powdery mildew in the soil and climatic conditions of the Khabarovsk Territory of the Far East. The object of research is 84 samples of various ecological and geographical origins. The weather conditions during the research period were contrasting; with the normal precipitation for April–August being 466 mm, the excess was 16…263 mm; waterlogging contributed to an increase in relative air humidity to 100 %. The soil of the experimental plot is heavy loamy meadow-brown podzolized-gley. The distribution (R) of powdery mildew in triticale crops was high (80…100 %), the intensity of development (P) reached epiphytotic values annually. Collection varieties of spring triticale were distributed according to the intensity of disease development: moderately susceptible (13 samples), susceptible (35 samples), highly susceptible (36 samples). High correlation coefficients were calculated between the amount of precipitation in the booting-earing phase and the degree of infection of plants with powdery mildew (r = 0.861…0.897), and a linear regression equation was compiled that shows the dependence of the intensity of development of the powdery mildew pathogen and the amount of precipitation in the second ten days of June. Thus, spring triticale varieties were identified that have average susceptibility to powdery mildew pathogens (P = 30…40 %): Amore, Saur, Prag 409, Dagvo (Russia), Lana, Lotos (Belarus), Zgurivskiy, Oberig Kharkovskiy (Ukraine), 70 HN 458 (Canada), Je 57 (USA), Anoas 5, MX 51 (Mexico), Tleridal (Switzerland).

Sudogda is a new variety of winter triticale for fodder production

Sudogda is a new variety of winter triticale for fodder production

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF VARIOUS GRAIN CROPS

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF VARIOUS GRAIN CROPS

Desiccation and senification in the technology of cultivation of winter triticale varieties in the Middle Urals

Triticale is an artificially man-made culture that has both positive and negative signs and properties. One of such undesirable signs is the low resistance of the grain to germination during maturation. Therefore, the search for ways to reduce this phenomenon is an urgent issue. Pre-harvest treatment of crops, namely desiccation and senification, can be a solution to this problem. The purpose of the study, conducted in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, geographically belonging to the Middle Urals, was a comparative study of the effect of desiccation and senification of crops on yield and grain quality of winter triticale. In a two-factor field experiment during the growing seasons 2021 and 2022, the varieties Izhevskaya 2 (control) and Beta, whose crops were treated with desiccant Sukhovey and seni- cants – 20 and 30% solutions of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, were studied. In the years of the study, the final stages of ontogenesis in triticale varieties took place in hot dry conditions. As a result, the effect of the studied substances did not affect the grain yield. When comparing the declared varieties, the yield advantage of the Beta variety was established due to the formation of larger grains and higher inflorescence productivity. At the same time, a greater accumulation of dry matter per unit area was characterized by a higher-growing variety Izhevskaya 2. In the course of the experiment the increase of the natural weight indices of winter triticale variety Beta by 7–9 g/l in the variants with the use of ammonium sulfate was revealed. Grain volume weight of the Izhevskaya 2 variety did not change under the influence of the studied methods.

Genome-wide association study for in vitro digestibility and related traits in triticale forage

BackgroundTriticale is making its way on dairy farms as an alternative forage crop. This requires the availability of high-yielding triticale varieties with good digestibility. Triticale forage breeding mainly focussed on biomass yield, but efforts to improve digestibility are increasing. We previously investigated the interrelationships among different quality traits in soft dough triticale: starch, acid detergent fibre and in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVOMD) and of neutral detergent fibre (IVNDFD) of the total plant, IVNDFD and Klason lignin of the stems, and ear proportion and stem length. Here we determine the genetic control of these traits, using a genome-wide association (GWAS) approach. A total of 33,231 DArTseq SNP markers assessed in a collection of 118 winter triticale genotypes, including 101 varieties and 17 breeding lines, were used.ResultsThe GWAS identified a total of 53 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs). The highest number of significantly associated SNP markers (n = 10) was identified for total plant IVNDFD. A SNP marker on chromosome 1A (4211801_19_C/T; 474,437,796 bp) was found to be significantly associated with ear proportion, and plant and stem IVNDFD, with the largest phenotypic variation for ear proportion (R²p = 0.23). Based on MTAs, candidate genes were identified which were of particular relevance for variation in in vitro digestibility (IVD) because they are putatively involved in plasma membrane transport, cytoskeleton organisation, carbohydrate metabolic processes, protein phosphorylation, and sterol and cell wall biogenesis. Interestingly, a xyloglucan-related candidate gene on chromosome 2R, SECCE2Rv1G0126340, was located in close proximity of a SNP significantly associated with stem IVNDFD. Furthermore, quantitative trait loci previously reported in wheat co-localized with significantly associated SNP markers in triticale.ConclusionsA collection of 118 winter triticale genotypes combined with DArTseq SNP markers served as a source for identifying 53 MTAs and several candidate genes for forage IVD and related traits through a GWAS approach. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that the genetic diversity available in this collection can be further exploited for research and breeding purposes to improve the IVD of triticale forage.

Triticale: A General Overview of Its Use in Poultry Production

Triticale, a hybrid of wheat and rye, is one of the most promising grain crops. In terms of productivity, the level of metabolizable energy, and the composition of essential amino acids, triticale surpasses rye and is not inferior to wheat. It is resistant to the most dangerous diseases and pests. In terms of nutritional value, triticale can compete with wheat, corn, sorghum, and barley. The presence, however, of antinutrients in triticale such as non-starch polysaccharides, alkylresorcinols, and trypsin inhibitors significantly reduces the biological value of this crop. In the global practice of compound feed production, there are many methods and technologies for processing grain raw materials to increase their nutritional value. Enzymatic treatment and extrusion technologies are worthy of special attention. The high content of triticale in the compound feed of poultry breeder flocks should be used effectively, taking into account the characteristics of triticale varieties and climatic conditions. An optimal triticale level in feed (15% for layer and broiler chicks) may improve body weight gain and reduce feed costs when raising replacement young stock. Layer breeder flocks fed a 20% triticale-based diet may have increased egg production, high viability, and flock uniformity. Producing triticale–soy and triticale–sunflower extrudates and supplementing the diet of poultry flocks with essential amino acids represent promising avenues for maximizing the benefits of triticale. Innovative methods of achieving this goal should be further developed and put into practice, particularly given the expansion of triticale’s cultivation areas.

Modeling and Optimization of Triticale Wort Production Using an Artificial Neural Network and a Genetic Algorithm.

Triticale grain, a wheat-rye hybrid, has been reported to comply very well with the requirements for modern brewing adjuncts. In this study, two triticale varieties, in both unmalted and malted forms, were investigated at various ratios in the grist, applying different mashing regimes and concentrations of the commercial enzyme Shearzyme® 500 L with the aim of evaluating their impact on wort production. In order to capture the complex relationships between the input (triticale ratio, enzyme ratio, mashing regime, and triticale variety) and output variables (wort extract content, wort viscosity, and free amino nitrogen (FAN) content in wort), the study aimed to implement the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to model the mashing process. Also, a genetic algorithm (GA) was integrated to minimize a specified multi-objective function, optimizing the mashing process represented by the ANN model. Among the solutions on the Pareto front, one notable set of solutions was found with objective function values of 0.0949, 0.0131, and 1.6812 for the three conflicting objectives, respectively. These values represent a trade-off that optimally balances the different aspects of the optimization problem. The optimized input variables had values of 23%, 9%, 1, and 3 for the respective input variables of triticale ratio, enzyme ratio, mashing regime, and triticale variety. The results derived from the ANN model, applying the GA-optimized input values, were 8.65% w/w for wort extract content, 1.52 mPa·s for wort viscosity, and 148.32 mg/L for FAN content in wort. Comparatively, the results conducted from the real laboratory mashing were 8.63% w/w for wort extract content, 1.51 mPa·s for wort viscosity, and 148.88 mg/L for FAN content in wort applying same input values. The presented data from the optimization process using the GA and the subsequent experimental verification on the real mashing process have demonstrated the practical applicability of the proposed approach which confirms the potential to enhance the quality and efficiency of triticale wort production.

The dependence of yield and its structure on pre-sowing treatment of spring triticale (<i>× triticosecale</i>) seeds in the Amur region

The research results (2014 - 2015) on triticale yield and its structure depending on the seed treatment are presented. The need for research is caused by increasing grain yields and gross yields in the region. This work aims to establish the dependence of yield and its structure on the pre-sowing treatment of triticale seeds by modern fungicides that are effective in extreme conditions. A two-factor field experiment was conducted on the experimental field of the Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Amur region. Options: Factor A - triticale varieties: 1. Ukro, St; 2. Yarilo; 3. Carmen. Factor B - treatment with preparations: 1. Control - water; 2. Maxim rate - 1.5 ml/l; 3. Inshur Perform - 0.4 l/ha; 4. Kinto Duo - 2 l/ha. Each variety of triticale corresponded to fourvariants of treatment with preparations. Regarding height, productive business and ear length of triticale, the differences between the preparations and the control were insignificant. The preparation of Kinto Duo increased the number of grains in the ear by 2.0 % compared with the control. Maxim and Inshur Perform by weight of 1000 grains resulted in a significant increase of 2.8 and 3.9 %, and Kinto Duo - 7.2 % compared to the control. Yield is strongly related to productive business, r = 0.798. The correlation between yield and stem length is medium r = 0.332. Between yield, ear length, number of grains in the ear, and weight of 1000 grains, the correlation dependence is weak r < 0.3. The preparation Inshur Perform increased the yield of triticale grain by 0.11 t/ha or 4.9 %, Maxim - by 0.30 t/ha or 13.4 %, and Kinto Duo - by 0.34 or 15.2 % relative to the control.

Rust resistance of wheat and triticale samples in different plant growing stages

Aim. To study resistance to leaf, yellow and stem rusts of winter and spring wheat and winter triticale samples from the collection of the N. I. Vavilov All‐Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and breeding centres of southern Russia in different phases of ontogenesis and to identify new sources with group resistance. Material and Methods. The resistance of 158 wheat and triticale samples from the VIR collection and southern breeding centres to populations of leaf, stem and yellow rusts in different plant growth stages was analysed. In the juvenile phase the samples studied were inoculated with populations of rust fungi in climate chambers of the Federal Research Centre of Biological Plant Protection and the type of plant reaction to lesions was noted. In field conditions the samples were evaluated according to the CIMMYT scale on an artificial infectious background. Results. In the adult plant stage under field conditions 79 wheat and triticale samples with group resistance to leaf, yellow and stem rusts were identified, and in the juvenile stage 26 samples. 22 samples showed resistance to three rusts in both phases of ontogenesis. Of these, 5 samples belong to the VIR collection, 3 winter triticale varieties (Dozor, Knyaz, Svat) and the Kavalerka wheat variety selection of the P.P. Lukyanenko National Grain Centre, 9 lines from the Donskoy Agrarian Research Centre and the Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Centre, and 4 winter triticale varieties (Ataman Platov, Zimogor, Kapral, Legion) of selections of the Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Centre. Conclusion. The samples of wheat and winter triticale with group resistance which have been identified are promising for use in breeding for immunity to rust diseases.

Оптимизация молекулярно-генетической диагностики возбудителей фузариозов на озимой тритикале (×Triticosecale Wittm . & A. Camus)

Phytopathogenic fungi are among the most common and dangerous plant pathogens, causing significant crop losses and considerable economic costs. The greatest damage to agricultural crops is caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium, making the study of their distribution, species diversity and diagnostic methods more in demand every year. This is particularly important for breeding purposes. The determination of the species composition of this pathogen allows not only to evaluate the level of infestation, but also to perform preventive selection for resistance to Fusarium. The aim of the study was to test the developed primers and probes for the identification of the most common representatives of the genus Fusarium such as F. culmorum, F. graminearum and F. poae. Pure cultures of fungi obtained from different collections of microorganisms were used as research material. We studied 35 varieties of winter triticale from the RSAU-MTAA collection. In order to differentiate the studied species, oligonucleotides were designed for a fragment of the Galactose oxidase (GalOx) gene and its homologous genes from the NCBI database. Diagnosis was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The main analytical characteristics of the developed primers such as specificity and sensitivity were determined. Screening of 35 varieties of winter triticale showed their infestation with fungi of the genus Fusarium. It was revealed that the predominant species was F. poae, which was found in 95.2% of the varieties. For F. graminearum, the highest prevalence was found between 2020 and 2021, when the infestation of triticale samples was 31.4% and 91.4%, respectively. F. culmorum had the lowest percentage of infestation, being found in only 20% of all samples. In addition, the winter triticale varieties of the 2022 harvest K‑1–19#14 K‑3851 PRAG502 (Dagestan) and K‑1–19#42 K3727 SNT‑5/92 (Omsk region) were identified as the least susceptible to infestation by the studied species of fungi.

The effect of fermented poultry manure on the yield and quality parameters of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivated organic way on acidic sandy soil

Triticale has been introduced into grain-growing fields and acidic sandy soils among cereals. Extensive breeding has resulted in the development of excellent triticale varieties. In our work, we used the triticale variety GK Maros as the crop, known for its high adaptability and cost- effectiveness in production. This variety's vigorous root and stem growth contributes to its tolerance to drought and heat shock. Our experiment was set up at the University of Nyíregyháza's study farm in 2023/2024, on 10 hectares. The experimental area has been under organic farming since 2015. The manure used in the experiment is a by-product of one of Europe's largest poultry breeding companies, Baromfi Coop Ltd. This granulated organic manure is successfully used in many areas of crop production. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of fermented poultry manure on triticale crops in a large-scale field experiment. Our study focused on overall triticale yield and quality parameters, including protein content, weight per hectare, and gluten content. Our findings show that using poultry manure on sandy soils for triticale production increased yield, although the first year did not show a significant increase. Our research is unique and innovative because it addresses a significant gap in knowledge. While there is extensive research showing the effectiveness of various organic fertilizers, these findings may not be applicable in organic farming, poor soil conditions, and extreme weather conditions. Our experiment aims to bridge this gap in knowledge.

Stability and Adaptability of Triticale (Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) Varieties Across Environmental Conditions in the Highlands of Southern Ethiopia

Triticale combines the yield and quality of wheat with the disease resistance of rye. To choose stable and reasonably high‐yielding varieties and to estimate the degree of variation and environmental interactions, five triticale varieties and one local check were assessed at Dita, Chencha, Bonke, and Kamba localities during 2020 and 2021 in Gamo, South Ethiopia. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, and interaction principal component analysis (IPCA1 and IPCA2) indicated significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences between habitats, varieties, and their interactions. The contributions of IPCAs 1 and 2 to the overall variety by environment interaction were substantial (p ≤ 0.01) and accounted for 67.3% and 18.1%, respectively. The average grain yield of the varieties Sinan (4085 kg·ha−1) and Dersolign (4081 kg·ha−1) performed better than those of the other varieties without significantly varying, and Minet (3614 kg·ha−1) was next. The Models demonstrated that Dersolign and Minet were stable and recommended for production in a variety of environments with IPCA values close to zero, low (GSI), low AMMI stability value, and high mean grain yield throughout the environments. Dersolign and Minet are hence for broad production due to their high inflexibility.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ГЕНОФОНДА ПШЕНИЧНО-РЖАНОГО АМФИДИПЛОИДА МИРОВОЙ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ ВИР В УСЛОВИЯХ РСО-АЛАНИЯ

The paper presents the data of the results on the study of the comparative characteristics of varieties of winter triticale of local and foreign breeding in the conditions of the Russian Federation. Varietal samples of winter triticale from the world collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Breeding named after N. I. Vavilov (VIR) have been studied according to a complex of economically valuable features. The sources of high grain productivity, short stalk, resistance to ear fusarium, etc. are highlighted. A collection of source material for the breeding of winter triticale varieties adapted to the conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus has been created. The VIR Winter triticale collection is represented by 36 samples from Russia, including: Rostov region 5, Voronezh Region 1, Leningrad Region 6, Dagestan 17, Krasnodar Territory 7, as well as from Azerbaijan 1, Kazakhstan 1, Poland 4, France 3, Czech Republic 1, Switzerland 4, Bulgaria 4, Germany 1, Sweden 1, Hungary 1, USA 2, Ukraine 1. The highest value of the ear length was noted in the samples: Rarity, Garnet, PRAG 559, Adasa, Topaz. On average, the length value of winter triticale samples was 10.5 cm. The grain weight of an ear is a complex feature that characterizes the mass of one grain and the total number of grains in the ear. By weight of grain from one ear, Topaz – 2.8 g, Yasha, Adas, Diamond – 2.7 g are distinguished from winter triticale samples. The lowest grain weight from one ear in ATPL samples is 1.5 g, Vocalise and Makar – 1.7 g. By weight of 1000 grains, the best result in Legion samples is 49.3 g, Ratne – 49.0 g, Adas – 48.8 g . Cultivars with a complex or separate economically valuable features have been identified from the collection material of winter triticale: Knyaz (Russia), Kunak (Russia), Bogdo (Russia), Ramzai (Russia), PRAG 531 (Russia), Hortenso (Poland), Moderato (Poland), Zenit Odessa (Ukraine), Pawo (Poland), Varvara (Russia), GR-16-2 (Russia) and others.

Determination of yield nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility of some triticale varieties harvested at different maturity stages

Determination of yield nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility of some triticale varieties harvested at different maturity stages