Spring wheat and triticale varieties productivity in risk farming area

Abstract

The studies were carried out in 2015-2022 at the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture (Khabarovsk Territory). The object of study is released varieties of spring wheat (Khabarovchanka, Lira-98, Anfeya) and spring triticale (Ukro, Rovnya, Grebeshok). Agrometeorological conditions during the years of research were varied: 2015, 2016, 2019, 2022 - with excessive moisture, 2021 - insufficient precipitation, 2017, 2018 - within the average annual values. As a result of the research, it was found that under favorable conditions, the yield of triticale varieties was 45.2-79.8 centners per hectare, under the influence of limited factors, this indicator decreases by 3.6-5.0 times, and the formation of the productivity of wheat samples in the region is more stable. (average yield was 33.6-51.4 сentners per hectare). In terms of grain quality, there were differences in grain crops - wheat varieties accumulate a high amount of protein in grain (more than 15 %), triticale samples have the highest content of lysine in grain (more than 400 mg/%). It was revealed that the signs of productivity in the zone of risky farming in triticale and wheat varieties are inversely correlated with agrometeorological environmental conditions. High correlations were noted between: yield and heat in July for the triticale variety Grebeshok (r=0.75), grain size and heat in May and July for samples of triticale Grebeshok and Rovnya (r=0.74 and r=0.73 respectively), yield and amount of precipitation in June for wheat varieties Khabarovchanka and Lira-98 (r= -0.77 and r= -0.78 respectively), weight of 1000 grains and surface air temperature for variety Lira-98 (r= - 0.78).