Influence of Mineral Fertilizers and Other Agrotechnical Cultivation Methods on Yield and Grain Protein Content of Winter Wheat

Abstract

It is established that in the conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine to obtain comparable results in the amount of protein in winter wheat grain it is necessary after such predecessors as stubble and sunflower, to apply a higher dose of nitrogen in complete pre-sowing fertilizer, as well as in spring fertilization, than when growing on black fallow. In the case of fertilization at the end of plants tillering with nitrogen with a local dose of N₆₀, the yield after spring barley, depending on the variety of winter wheat increased by 0.66-0.82, and for black fallow - by 0.58-0.64 t/ha. Among winter wheat varieties Kokhanka, Misia Odeska and Pylypivka, the highest yields and grain quality were observed in Pylypivka variety. It was found that among nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, Urea Ammonium Nitrate solution - UAN-32, and ammonium sulfate) the best results in protein formation in grain in most cases provided the introduction of UAN-32 and ammonium sulfate. Strong in grain quality, winter wheat varieties Niva Odeska and Uzhynok, both after sunflower and black fallow, outperformed Kokhanka variety in terms of protein content. It is established that the highest grain productivity of different varieties of winter wheat, both when grown after spring barley and black fallow, was observed at the optimal sowing date (September 22); the variety of durum wheat Burshtyn formed a higher protein content in the grain (13.5-14.6%) than varieties of soft wheat - Golubka Odeska (12.0-12.6%) and Lastivka Odeska 13.2-13.6%). It was found that in the research years the amount of protein in the grain of winter wheat depended more on crop fertilizer than on the sowing date.