Tris Solution Research Articles

Separation of uranium and thorium using tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate as extractant

The distribution behavior of uranium and thorium has been investigated in a biphasic system of different aqueous nitric acid concentrations and a solution of tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) inn-dodecane at 25°C. The effect of different uranium and thorium concentrations in the aqueous phase on the extraction of these metal ions is evaluated. These results indicate that TEHP is a better choice than tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) for the separation of233U from the irradiated thorium matrix.

DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC IN BITUMINOUS COAL

Differential pulse polarography was employed for the determination of arsenic in bituminous coal from Figueiras, Parana, Brazil. The dried coal sample was crushed to -100 mesh, ashed, and treated with reducing reagents in acidic media. The arsine generated was collected and selectively oxidized to Al +3 using an absorbing solution of 0.1 mol.L -1 [tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane] ( TRIS) and 0. 002 mol.L -1 silver nitrate. A solution of TRIS and hydrochloric acid, pH -1, was used as supporting electrolyte for differential pulse polarographic determination of Al+3 in the concentration range 0.05 -0.60 μglmL. The average arsenic concentration found was 69.0 ± 2.6 mg.kg -1 and was in agreement with the spectrophotometric method using silver-diethyldithiocarbamate-pyridine.

An efficient method for cryopreservation of testicular sperm from the Northern pike, Esox lucius L.

The cryopreservation of semen from the Northern pike, Esox lucius L., was investigated with a method that was originally developed for the Salmonidae. Because the amounts of semen obtained by stripping were insufficient, the suitability of testicular sperm was tested for cryopreservation. Frozen-thawed testicular sperm had fertilization rates similar to frozen-thawed semen obtained by stripping (74.2-84.7%), and at sperm to egg ratios of S= 4.5 × 105 spermatozoa per egg, the post-thaw fertilization rates were also similar to fresh, untreated semen controls. Out of all the fertilization solutions investigated, a 100-mm NaCl, 10-mm Tris (pH 9) solution resulted in the highest post-thaw fertilization rates. To facilitate the fertilization of large egg batches, 1.2-mL straws were used for cryopreservation with a similar efficiency to 0.5-mL straws.

Vapor Pressures and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Aqueous Solutions of Triethylammonium Chloride, 2-Hydroxyethylammonium Chloride, and Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane Hydrochloride

The vapor pressures of the aqueous solutions of three organic salts, triethylammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethylammonium chloride, and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride were measured from 298.15 K to 333.15 K and regressed by the Patil et al. model. The vapor pressure data were used to calculate enthalpies of vaporization by the Clausius−Clayperon equation. The concentration of salt is from 0.5 mol·kg-1 to saturation depending on the solubility of that salt. The vapor pressures of the present aqueous solutions are not much different from those of three organic salts in our previous study.

Mechanistic study and kinetic determination of vitamin C employing the sequential injection technique

For the first time, the robust sequential injection (SI) technique has been employed for full kinetic investigation of the oxidation reaction of vitamin C. Iron(III) in sulphuric acid media was used as an oxidant and 1,10-phenanthroline as an indicator and the resulting solution of tris 1,10-phenanthroline-iron(II) complex was monitored spectrophotometrically at 510 nm. The reaction orders with respect to each reagent were determined by the SI-technique and were found to be 1, 1, and −1 for vitamin C, iron(III) and hydrogen ions respectively. On the basis of these values a rate law was developed and a plausible mechanism was established. A kinetic method for the analysis of vitamin C in drug formulations based on the results obtained above was thus validated. The drug in the range 20–300 ppm was determined by the kinetic method using 1.6×10 −3 mol dm −3 ammonium ferric sulphate in 0.02 mol dm −3 sulphuric acid with the aspiration volume of 944 μl and the fixed-time of 180 s. The results thus obtained by the SI-kinetic method were statistically compared with those obtained by the British Pharmacoebia standard method and found to be accurate, precise and fast.

The application of butanol as dilution agent for the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric determination of boron and phosphorus in lubricating oils

An evaluation of butanol-1 as dilution solvent for the determination of boron (B) and phosphorus (P) in lubricating oils by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been performed. Standard solutions of boric acid and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in butanol were employed as calibrants for B and P, respectively. Solutions of phosphoric acid and tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (TEHP) in butanol were also tested as possible P standards. Increased concentrations of oil in the sample in the range of 0 to 20% showed no significant effects on B and P emission intensities indicating that matrix matching is not required for lubricating oils of about 2–15 cPoise. Detection limits in absence of spectral interferences were 0.06 μg B/g oil and 2 μg P/g oil. Overall estimated precision was 2.5% for B concentrations above 4 μg/g oil, and 6.5% for P concentrations above 20 μg/g oil. We evaluated the performance of a high resolution scanning spectrometer for mitigating the effects of overlapping spectral interferences from iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) on B and P emission lines. An interference from Fe 249.782 nm on the primary B line at 249.773 nm is observed for Fe concentrations higher than 100 μg/g oil, but a secondary B line at 249.678 nm is completely resolved from Fe 249.653 nm. In the case of P 213.618 nm, a contribution of the right wing of a Cu line at 213.598 nm generates a signal equivalent to P 18 μg/g oil for Cu 1000 μg/g oil.

Density, viscosity and ultrasonic study of tris(acetyl acetonato) cobalt(III) in alcohols

Abstract Studies on apparent molar volume and viscosity have been made for the solutions of Tris(acetyl acetonato) cobalt(III) in methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol at 288.15, 293.15 and 298.15 K. Studies on ultrasonic velocity have also been made in these solvents to evaluate various acoustic parameters, relaxation time, Gibbs free energy and solvation number at 298.15 K. The results are discussed in terms of ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions in these solutions.

Toxic Soil and Water Forum

Remediation JournalVolume 8, Issue 4 p. 121-124 Aticle Toxic Soil and Water Forum Joseph E. Odencrantz, Joseph E. Odencrantz Joseph E. Odencrantz, Ph.D., P.E., is a registered civil engineer with approximately seventeen years of experience in the fields of environmental engineering and water resources. He is the founder and a principal at Tri-S Environmental, Sensible Strategies and Solutions for the Environment, 2121 Yacht Yankee Circle, Newport Beach, California 92660; (949) 644-8602.Search for more papers by this author Joseph E. Odencrantz, Joseph E. Odencrantz Joseph E. Odencrantz, Ph.D., P.E., is a registered civil engineer with approximately seventeen years of experience in the fields of environmental engineering and water resources. He is the founder and a principal at Tri-S Environmental, Sensible Strategies and Solutions for the Environment, 2121 Yacht Yankee Circle, Newport Beach, California 92660; (949) 644-8602.Search for more papers by this author First published: 11 January 2007 https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.3440080412 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume8, Issue41998Pages 121-124 RelatedInformation

Synthesis of Bi2O3 and Bi4(SiO4)3 Thin Films by the Sol-Gel Method

Bi2O3 thin films were prepared by dipping silica slides in ethanolic solutions of tris(2,2′-6,6′-tetramethylheptane-3, 5-dionato)bismuth(III) [Bi(dpm)3] [1] and heating in air at temperatures ≤500°C. Bi4(SiO4)3 homogeneous thin films were obtained from the reaction of the bismuth oxide coating with the silica glass substrate at temperatures higher than 700°C. For heat treatments at temperatures between 600°C and 700°C, Bi2SiO5 coatings were obtained. The composition and microstructure evolution of the films were determined by Secondary Ion-Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Glancing Angle X-Ray Diffraction (GA-XRD). The synthesis procedure was reproducible and allowed the control of the Bi2O3 phase composition. Moreover, the thin film annealing parameters were correlated with the formation of bismuth silicates, among which Bi4(SiO4)3 (BSO) is very appealing for the production of fast light-output scintillators [2].

EFFECTS OF THE COMBINATION ANTIBIOTIC—EDTA–TRIS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC BOVINE ENDOMETRITIS CAUSED BY ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT BACTERIA

The combined effects of the uterine infusion of EDTA–Tris solution and antibiotics have been evaluated in 75 cases of slight, moderate or severe bovine endometritis which did not respond to local routine antimicrobial therapy. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were isolated from uterine swabs. The cows were divided into three groups on the basis of the severity of endometritis and treated with 100 ml of sterile EDTA–Tris solution (250 mMEDTA and 50 mMtris, pH 8) and the same antibiotic used in the first unsuccessful treatment (oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, lincomycin–spectinomycin or amikacin). Control groups consisting of six animals treated with antibiotic alone were used. Clinical evaluations performed 2, 15, 21, 42 and 63 days after treatment revealed good therapeutic results, as 53 cows showed a complete recovery with renormalization of the subsequent oestrus cycle. Artificial insemination was followed by pregnancy in about 90% of treated cows. In control animals the second treatment performed using only the antibiotic gave variable and unsatisfactory results, particularly in animals affected by severe endometritis.

NMR Characterization of3,6-Dioxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes andN-[Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]alanine Formedfrom Methylglyoxal in Tris Buffer Solutions

The reactions of methylglyoxal in aqueous solutions of Tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] buffer were examined at 600 MHz by two-dimensional NMR experiments selected to circumvent the difficulties associated with spectral assignment in the presence of intense resonances due to both solvent and buffer. Methylglyoxal, generatedin situfrom glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, reacted with Tris to yield principally a mixture of 3,6-dioxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes. 1H and 13C NMR parameters are reported for three compounds containing this little-known ring system and structural influences compared with those in related compounds. A much slower reaction led to the ultimate formation ofN-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]alanine. Implications for various enzyme assays are considered and the results are compared with previous observations of reactions of α-dicarbonyl compounds with α-amino alcohols. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Zur elektronenstruktur metallorganischer komplexe der f-elemente XLIII züchtung gröβerer tris(bis(trimethylsilyl) methyl) lanthanid-einkristalle für optische und magnetochemische untersuchungen

By lowering the temperature of nearly saturated solutions of tris(bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl)lanthanide(III) (Ln(btmsm) 3; Ln = Pr ( 1a), Nd ( 1b), Sm ( 1c)) in n-pentane, isopentane or methylcyclohexane from −5 to −40°C within three days big transparent single crystals were grown. The σ and π absorption spectra of oriented single crystals were recorded at approximately 150 K and those of coarse-crystalline material at 5 K. A comparison of selected transitions in the absorption and MCD spectra of Ln(btmsm) 3 with those of tris(bis(trimethylsilyl)amido)lanthanide(III) tris((tri-t-butyl)methanolato)lanthanide(III) and tris(2,6-d-t-butylphcnolato)lanthanide(III) shows that the truncated crystal field splitting patterns of all these compounds are similar. As compared with the above-mentioned ligands, the btmsm group produces the weakest spectrochemical but very strong nephelauxetic effects.

A vibration spectroscopic study on the interaction between some sulphide minerals and tris-(2-cyanoethyl)phosphine in aqueous solution

The surfaces of a number of sulphide minerals and synthetic metal sulphides treated with an aqueous solution of tris-(2-cyanoethyl)phosphine have been analysed by means of diffuse reflectance infra-red Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. Tris-(2-cyanoethyl)phosphine is chemisorbed through the phosphorus atom to the surfaces of silver(I) sulphide and chalcocite, natural Cu 2S, while it is adsorbed through the nitrogen atom(s) to synthetic cadmium sulphide. No tris-(2-cyanoethyl)phosphine is adsorbed on the natural sulphide minerals galena, pyrite and sphalerite or on synthetic silver(I) and cadmium sulphide precipitated in an excess of sulphide ions, after treatment in aqueous slurries.

Tris Buffer Reactivity with Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes: NMR Characterization of the Reactions of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate

Tris (2-amino-2-hydroxymethylpropane-1,3-diol) reacts with aldehydes of low molecular weight in aqueous solutions to give products whose NMR spectral properties are inconsistent with the formation of the expected Schiff base. High-field 1H and 13C NMR spectra of a solution of Tris and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate indicated initial formation of 2-(β-phosphoglycolyl)-4,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)1,3-oxazolidine, which was then converted to condensation products of Tris and methylglyoxal, accompanied by deuterium exchange when the solvent was 2H 2O. Acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde were used as model substrates which yielded more stable oxazolidines in their reactions with Tris.

Concentrated Tris Solutions for the Preparation, Depolymerization, and Assay of Actin: Application to Erythroid Actin

High concentrations of Tris are effective in dissociating actin-containing complexes, such as the red cell membrane cytoskeleton. A preparative procedure for red cell actin is based on the dissociation of the membrane skeletal complex in a buffer containing 1 M Tris hydrochloride, followed by gel filtration chromatography in the same medium. The actin is recovered as the monomer and is fully native, as judged by its critical concentration of polymerization, inhibition of DNase I, stimulation of myosin ATPase, and the appearance in the electron microscope of filaments, both bare and decorated with heavy meromyosin, and of magnesium ion-induced paracrystals. The Tris solution causes rapid depolymerization of F-actin with no denaturation, and the solution of monomeric actin in this medium is stable for many weeks in the cold; concentrated Tris is more reliable than guanidinium chloride for the depolymerization of F-actin in the estimation of total actin concentration by the DNase I inhibition assay.

Fluorescence Enhancement of Aluminum(III) 8-Quinolinolate in the Presence of 3,5-Dichlorophenol

Abstract The addition of 3,5-dichlorophenol to carbon tetrachloride solution of tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) was found to cause considerable enhancement of fluorescence and to suppress the decomposition of the chelate by UV-light irradiation. The fluorescence enhancement was attributed to the association of the metal chelate with the phenol through hydrogen bonding.

Electroluminescence from polymer blends and molecularly doped polymers

Electroluminescence from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based upon poly(phenylphenylenevinylene) (PPPV), PPPV blended with polystyrene (PS), and a molecular solution of tris(4-methoxystilbene)amine (MSA) in polycarbonate (PC) as active material sandwiched between indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and Al contacts is reported. In all cases the cell current is limited by field emission of holes from the ITO anode. With a single-layer LED based upon the PPPV-PS blend a quantum yield of 0.001 photons per transported electron is achieved. The temporal behavior of the electroluminescence from an ITO/MSA(PC)/Al cell after application of a rectangular driving voltage is analyzed and found to be governed by the transport of both holes and electrons.

Volumetric and Cryoscopic Measurements of Aqueous [Co(en)3]3+ near 273 K

Osmotic coefficients of aqueous solutions of tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) oxalate have been obtained from 0.000 to 0.010 mol-kg -1 by the freezing-point method. Apparent molar volumes have been determined by density measurements of aqueous solutions oftris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) perchlorate at 288 and 218 K in the range 0.000-0.060 mol-kg -1 . Partial molar volumes at infinite dilution for the complex cation at 288, 218, and 213 K are estimated

Flow injection colorimetric method for the assay of vitamin C in drug formulations using tris,1-10-phenanthroline—iron(III) complex as an oxidant in sulfuric acid media

A simple, fast and accurate colorimetric flow injection (FI) method suitable for the assay of vitamin C in drug formulations was proposed. In the method, vitamin C was injected into a flowing stream of iron(III) and then mixed with 1,10-phenanthroline in 0.05 M sulphuric acid media. The mixture was allowed to react in a 45-cm long coil and the resulting solution of tris, 1-10-phenanthroline-iron(II) complex was monitored at 510 nm. The method was adopted by fully investigating the kinetics of the reaction and proposing a suitable mechanism. A throughput of 100 samples per hour was achieved with a relative standard deviation of 0.88% for vitamin C concentration range of 100–400 ppm.

Effects of Polar Organic Solvents on the Biocatalysis of Chlorophyllase in a Biphasic Organic System

The effects of polarity of various organic solvents, including acetone, ethanol, and propanol, used in a biphasic organic system, on the hydrolytic activity of a partially purified chlorophyllase from Phaeodactylum tricornutum were investigated. The different concentrations of each polar organic solvent, from 0 to 40%, were added to a mixture (45:55, v/v) of hexane and a buffer solution of Tris–HCl (20 mm, pH 7.5). The most appropriate concentrations of acetone, ethanol, and propanol for the hydrolytic activity of chlorophyllase were 12.5, 5.0, and 2.5%, respectively. The results indicated that the optimum reaction time for the chlorophyllase activity in the biphasic system decreased from 7.0 h to 3.0, 5.0, and 5.0 h, respectively, upon the addition of an appropriate amount of acetone, ethanol, or propanol. The Vmax and Km as well as the inhibitory effect of phytol on the chlorophyllase activity in the biphasic organic system containing a polar organic solvent were also investigated.