Tripropylene Glycol Diacrylate Research Articles

An anti-shrinkage model of an ultraviolet-curing coating filled with hollow polyurethane acrylate microspheres

The application of ultraviolet (UV)-curing coatings in precision devices is restricted because of their high shrinkage performance. In this study, hollow polyurethane acrylate (PUA) microspheres are filled into a mixed tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) coating with different volume fractions to regulate shrinkage ratios of the coating, where hollow PUA microspheres with different diameters and thicknesses are synthesized using the microfluidics technology. The thickness-dependent mechanical properties of PUA thin films (the same thickness with the shell of each microsphere) are obtained by combining in-situ tensile and nanoindentation experiments with finite element (FE) method. The empirical formula between geometrical parameters (diameter, shell thickness, volume fraction) of hollow PUA microspheres and shrinkage ratios of the TPGDA coating filled with these PUA microspheres are derived using the present representative volume element (RVE) method. Checking against the results of UV-curing shrinkage experiments shows the current empirical formula has high accuracy. This study provides a physical insight into modulating their shrinkage ratios of different UV-curing materials.

Highly conductive polymer electrolytes based on PAN-PEI nanofiber membranes with in situ gelated liquid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries

The development of solid state electrolytes is considered as an effective approach to build safer lithium-ion batteries by replacing the conventional liquid electrolytes. However, the solid state electrolytes face continuous challenges to improve their ionic conductivities and mechanical properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel polymer electrolytes based on cross-linked polyacrylonitrile-polyethylenimine (PAN-PEI) nanofiber membranes infiltrated with in-situ gelated electrolytes using tripropylene glycol diacrylate as crosslinking agent in the organic carbonate-based liquid electrolytes. The PAN-PEI nanofiber membranes with different mass ratios of PAN/PEI prepared by electrospinning method are constructed with entangled nanofibers of an average diameter of ~600 nm. The optimized PAN-PEI based electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity up to 3.39 mS cm−1 at room-temperature and decent tensile strength of 9.36 MPa. Linear sweep voltammetry shows that the polymer electrolyte also has a wide electrochemical window of 5.4 V (vs. Li/Li+). This polymer electrolyte exhibits excellent cycling stability even in the high energy density of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Graphite, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 175 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C with a capacity retention of 91.4% after 200 cycles.

One-pot and solvent-free synthesis of castor oil-based polyurethane acrylate oligomers for UV-curable coatings applications

Due to the complex chemical modification, harsh synthesis conditions and imperative post-treatment, the industrial products of vegetable oil-based polymers are very rare. In this study, castor oil-based polyurethane acrylic resin (COPUA) was synthesizled by one-pot method from castor oil (CO), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and isobbornyl acrylate (IBOA). 1H NMR and FT-IR measurements were employed to verify the successful preparation of COPUA. Various UV curable films were prepared by mixing non-treated COPUA, photoinitiator (PI-1173), mono-functional active diluent hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or bifunctional active diluent tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA). The mechanical performances of the cured films were studied. Besides, DMA and TGA analyses were used to determine the dynamic thermodynamic performances and the thermal stability of the cured films. As a result, the pure COPUA cured film exhibited excellent thermal stability, storage modulus (421 MPa at 25 °C), tensile strength (9.87 MPa) and high glass transition temperature (60.3 °C). The cross-linking density of films improved with increasing the content of active diluent, resulting in excellent overall performances. In addition, all films possessed excellent hardness, adhesion, solvent resistance and flexibility. In this study, it provides a green and environmentally friendly strategy for the synthesis of vegetable oil-based polymers, reducing our chemical dependence on petrochemical energy.

Antimicrobial uv curable wood coatings based on citric acid

PurposeEpoxy acrylate which is commercially utilized for UV curable coatings although has excellent adhesion, flexibility, hardness and chemical resistance, they lack in antimicrobial properties. Citric acid (CA) is economical as well as a bio-based compound which possess an antimicrobial activity. So, the purpose of this research investigation is the preparation of CA-based oligomer which can be further incorporated with epoxy acrylate and tri (propylene glycol) Diacrylate (TPGDA) to form uv curable coating and the study of its antimicrobial property.Design/methodology/approachA UV-curable unsaturated oligomer (CUV) was synthesized from CA and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The chemical structure of CUV was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, hydroxyl value, acid value and iodine value. Further, CUV was assimilated as an antimicrobial as well as crosslinking agent to copolymerize with epoxy acrylate oligomer and a series of UV-cured antimicrobial coatings were concocted by employing UV-curing machine. The consequence of varying the fraction of CUV on the mechanical, chemical, thermal and antimicrobial properties of UV-cured wood coatings was explored.FindingsResults exhibited good mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. In addition, it was perceived that the zone of inhibition against S. aureus got enlarged with increasing content of CUV in the coating formulation.Originality/valueThe synthesized bio-based CUV reveals an extensive potential to ameliorate the antimicrobial properties of UV-curable coatings.

Preparation and characterization of a novel ultraviolet/thermal dual-curing thiol-ene/polyurethane acrylate coating

A novel ultraviolet (UV)/thermal dual-curing thiol-ene/polyurethane acrylate (PUA) coating of PUA oligomer, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl phosphine oxide, and trimethylolpropane tris (3-mercaptopropionate) was prepared. The coating had a rapid surface drying rate with UV radiation (400 W, 50 W/cm2). For example, the surface of the novel thiol-ene/PUA coating dried within 3 s. The hardness, gel content, and initial decomposition temperature at 5 wt% weight loss of the UV/thermal dual-cured sample after 10 min of UV irradiation, followed by heating at 150°C for 20 min, were 37 D, 90.3%, and 302.2°C, respectively, which were higher than the 30 D, 87.7% and 284.9°C of the UV curing control after 10 min of UV irradiation. The curing time of the 1-mm-thick coating was 4.5 min in indoor sunlight (2.3 ± 0.3 mW/cm2) with a gel content of 83.8%. This coating could be applied in the rapid prototyping field with UV or sunlight exposure. Thermal treatment after UV curing could increase the crosslinking degree and influence the sample performance.

СИНТЕЗ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ХЕЛАТООБРАЗУЮЩИХ ИОНИТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ СОПОЛИМЕРОВ ЭПОКСИАКРИЛАТОВ

The possibilities of obtaining new chelating (complexing) ion exchangers based on copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), and oxyethylenediphosphonic acid complexone (OEDP) were studied. The optimal synthesis conditions and studied the physicochemical properties of the resin.To assess the acid-base properties of the synthesized polyelectrolytes, potentiometric studies were carried out, it was determined that the new ion exchangers have a medium acid character, and also belong to polyfunctional ion exchangers. The structure of the synthe-sized ion exchangers GMA-TPGDA-MMA: OEDP, GMA-MMA: OEDP was established by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Studied the influence of the ratio of the initial reacting components, temperature and duration of the process on the static exchange capacity of ion exchangers. It was found that an increase in the amount of oxyethylenediphosphonic acid in the initial mixture in the reaction mixture from 1.0 to 3.0 mass parts leads to an increase in the capacity from 4.3 mEq / g to 6.2 mEq / g according to GMA-TPGDA- MMA: HEDP, from 4.8 mEq / g to 6.6 mEq / g according to GMA-MMA: HEDP. The chemical stability of the ion exchan-gers showed that the obtained ion exchangers are quite inert to chemical reagents. The most stable was the cation exchanger based on the ternary copolymer GMA-TPGDA-MMA: HEDP with a mass ratio of 1: 3. The degree of loss of capacity of the ion exchanger, obtained on its basis, does not exceed 9% when treated with solutions of acids, alkalis, and under the action of oxidizing agents, SEC practically does not change.

Preparation of alkali-resistant PVDF membranes via immobilization of sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) on surface

A novel strategy was proposed to fabricate alkali-resistant PVDF membrane via sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) attached to the surface of membrane and immobilized by UV-curable polyester acrylate and tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate (TPGDA). The attached anionic surfactant, SDS, on the membrane surface can resist the alkali corrosion by NaOH, and the curing of the resin can immobilize the SDS on the membrane firmly. Due to the unique alkali resistance of SDS and resin formed, the UV-curable resin-modified PVDF membrane showed greatly enhanced alkali-resistant ability. Characterization of SEM and FTIR showed that polyester acrylate and TPGDA were cured successfully under the action of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (184) and ultraviolet light. Whiteness, differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer characterization showed that the modified PVDF membrane had a lower degree of dehydrofluorination than the pristine PVDF membrane after alkali treatment. Results of the detailed alkali-resistant analysis indicated that the F/C ratio of the UV-curable resin-modified PVDF membrane decreased by 2.6% after alkali treatment compared to pristine PVDF membrane decreased by 19.28%. The alkali-resistant performance was mainly attributed to the immobilized SDS. This study provided a facile and scalable method for designing alkali-resistant PVDF membrane, which shows a promising potential in the treatment of alkaline wastewater and alkaline-cleaning PVDF membrane.

Influence of electron beam irradiation on crosslink behaviour of reclaimed tire rubber/EVA blend in the presence of radiation sensitizers

Non-degradable waste tire generation around the world is growing at an alarming rate. Diversifying the recycling route of these waste tires is essential to solve the problem. To address the issue, this study utilized radiation sensitizers and electron beam irradiation to enhance the poor properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber/poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (RTR/EVA) blend. The RTR, EVA and radiation sensitizers were mixed in the internal mixer followed by electron beam (EB) irradiation with doses ranging from 50 to 200 kGy. Radiation sensitizers loading was fixed at 4 wt%. The degradation and stability in RTR were studied in term of crosslink behaviour upon irradiation. Electron beam irradiation revealed the presence of radical stabilizing and scavenging additives within RTR which retards the crosslinking process in RTR and the blends. RTR, EVA and the RTR/EVA blend suffered from further oxidative degradation from irradiation in air. Radiation sensitizers, trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), were used to accelerate the irradiation induced crosslinking in RTR and the RTR/EVA blend. Presence of radiation sensitizers leads to enhanced crosslink formation within RTR and the RTR/EVA blend. These findings validated the feasibility of using ionizing radiation in the presence of radiation sensitizers for recycling inferior waste polymers into higher quality material.

Effect of nature and degree of crosslinking agent of poly(hydroxy-butyl-methacrylate-co-2-ethyl-hexyl-acrylate) networks on the swelling properties in nematic liquid crystal 5CB

We experimentally measured the effect of nature and concentration of crosslinker on the photopolymerized time of the poly(hydroxy-butyl-methacrylate-co-2-ethyl-hexyl-acrylate)/5CB system. Initial mixtures are composed of monofunctional monomers hydroxy-butyl-methacrylate (HBMA) and 2-ethyl-hexyl-acrylate (2-EHA), and one of the three bifunctional monomers, poly-propylene-glycol-di-acrylate (PPGDA), tri-propylene-glycol-di-acrylate (TPGDA), or 1,6-hexane-diol-di-acrylate (HDDA), and 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (Darocur 1173) as a photoinitiator. The copolymers were elaborated via UV irradiation of reactive formulation. The central composite face-centered design of experiments (DoE) has been used to determine the influence of temperature, crosslinking density and their interactions on swelling behavior of poly(HBMA-co-EHA/crosslinker) networks in liquid crystal 5CB. The experimental results and the predicted responses indicate a good correlation and therefore the validity of the used model.

Electro-Optical and Thermophysical Characterization of Poly (Tripropylene Glycol Di-Acrylate)/Liquid Crystal Composite Materials Prepared by Polymerization Induced Phase Separation

This work examines the development and characterization of tripropylene glycol di-acrylate/liquid crystal E7 (TPGDA/LC E7) PDLCs composite materials (polymer-dispersed-liquid-crystals). These systems were produced by UV irradiation photopolymerization (PIPS) of a mixture of the monomer tripropylene glycol di-acrylate (TPGDA) and the liquid crystal E7 (LC E7, a mixture of three cyano-biphenyl and one cyano-terphenyl LCs), in the presence of 2 wt% (of the acrylate/E7 mixture) of a photoinitiator. Electro-optical, thermal and optical characterization was used to understand the effect of the LC concentration on the electro-optical and thermo-physical properties of these materials. Polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies were performed to observe the system morphology and to determine the transition temperatures of these materials, both as a function of their composition. The findings showed a slight variation of the nematic-isotropic transition temperature, TNI, of the LC E7 and of the glass transition temperature, Tg, of the TPGDA polymeric matrix as a function of the mass percentage of the LC E7. A very good electro-optical response for the composition 30/70 wt % TPGDA/LC E7 was obtained.

Improvement on curing performance and morphology of E5I/TPGDA mixture in a free radical-cationic hybrid photopolymerization system

A visible light-induced free radical-cationic hybrid photopolymerization system co-initiated by diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (IOPF) and diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO). IOPF and TPO rapidly induced a mixture of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy resin (E51) and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) under a halogen lamp (λ = 380–580 nm). The curing rate of epoxy resin is significantly accelerated. The effect of weight ratio of IOPF/TPO, proportion of E51/TPGDA, benzoyl peroxide (BPO), 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3′,4’epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate (ERL4221) on IOPF/TPO/TPGDA/E51 hybrid systems (HSs1–11) were studied by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Free radical and cationic photopolymerization for TPO/TPGDA and IOPF/TPO/E51 were also investigated. TPO shows a sensitization effect to accelerate the curing of E51. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of cured films, including surface and cross section. The film of hybrid system with BPO (HS-6) has the advantage of smooth surface and uniform cross section, while that of free radical system is obviously plicate. The acceleration of epoxy conversion is up to 85%, when ERL4221 was added.

Preparation and properties of ultraviolet/thermal dual-curable polyurethane acrylate

Ultraviolet (UV)/thermal dual-curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA) mixtures were prepared using a PUA oligomer, tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), benzoyl peroxide (BPO), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl phosphine oxide (TPO), and cobalt isooctanoate. For purposes of comparison, a UV-curable PUA mixture was prepared by mixing the PUA oligomer, TPGDA, and TPO. When placed under a UV lamp (400 W, 50 mW/cm2), the surface drying time of each curable mixture was approximately 2 s. The content of volatiles during UV curing (the intensity of the lamp was 100 mW/cm2) was less than 0.3 wt%, and the content of potential volatiles (the test condition was heating at 110 °C for 1 h after UV curing) was below 1.0 wt%. Compared with the UV-cured sample, the UV/thermal dual-cured sample containing cobalt isooctanoate had more favorable properties, that is: (1) better acid and alkali resistance; and (2) better thermal stability and higher gel content. The temperature at 5 wt% weight loss (T5wt.%) and the gel fraction of the UV-cured sample (the curing condition was 1 min of UV irradiation) were 269.4 °C and 94.6%, respectively. The T5wt.% and the gel fraction of the UV/thermal dual-cured sample (cured at 100 °C for 10 min after 1 min of UV irradiation) were 318.2 °C and 99.8%, respectively. BPO and cobalt isooctanoate had little effect on the surface drying rate of the curable mixtures, and the performance of the cured samples was improved by thermal treatment following irradiation with UV. Considering the dyeing effect of BPO, this system provides a more practical approach to the complete curing of colored UV-curable resins.

Synthesis and photopolymerization of novel UV-curable macro-photoinitiators

The design and development of macro-photoinitiators applicable to UV system has been attracted increasing attention for their excellent performance of low migration and high compatibility. Herein, four kinds of novel macro-photoinitiators (PI1-PI4) used in UV-curable coatings were synthesized by different isocyanates, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (Irgacure 184), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA). The structures were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Moreover, the photopolymerization kinetics of the macro-photoinitiators were investigated by real-time FTIR. Results revealed that the macro-photoinitiators display higher curing efficiency, lower migration performance and better compatibility with formulation compositions compared to Irgacure 184. On the other hand, the macro-photoinitiators also served as self-initiating oligomers and had good thermal stability with 10 % weight loss temperatures (T10 %) above 299.7 °C. The UV-cured films consisting of oligomers and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) showed excellent physical properties and high curing efficiency and rapid curing rate.

Effects of electron beam irradiation and multi-functional monomer/co-agents on the mechanical and thermal properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/polyamide blends

The effect of electron beam (e-beam) irradiation on the mechanical and thermal properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/ternary copolyamide (tPA) blends was studied. The crosslinking of EVA/tPA induced by e-beam irradiation was carried out over a dose range from 50 to 250 kGy with tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA), and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPEHA) as crosslinking co-agents. With increasing irradiation dose, the gel contents of EVA/tPA containing the co-agents increased more significantly than that of EVA/tPA. After electron beam irradiation of 250 kGy, the gel content of EVA/tPA with 3 phr TPGDA reached 81%, much higher than 22% for EVA/tPA without any co-agent. The irradiated EVA/tPA/TPGDA (70/30/3) also exhibited high tensile strength and oil-resistance properties. The addition of TPGDA and the irradiation dose are two crucial factors affecting the mechanical properties of the EVA/tPA blend.

Quantification of Tripropylene Glycol Diacrylate grafted onto Waste Tire Dust from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Graft polymerization in radiation processing is a remarkable technique for both chemical and physical properties modification of a polymer chain to the desired function-based polymer. In this study, modification of waste tire dust (WTD) by radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP) of tri-(propylene glycol) diacrylate (TPGDA) monomer was successfully prepared using electron beam irradiation at a varying amount of absorbed dose ranging from 20 kGy to 100 kG. Conventionally, the grafting yield of the monomer onto the polymer is measured by the difference of initial and final weight of the monomer during the grafting process. However, in this paper, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to quantify the amount of TPGDA successfully grafted onto WTD. The results obtained were in correlation with Beer-Lambert’s equation. The highest relative amount of grafted monomer achieved (39.14) at an absorbed dose of 60 kGy. The existence of grafted TPGDA monomer on WTD was confirmed by the presence of the carbonyl group at adsorption band of 1725 cm−1.

Thermal study of photopolymerization reaction in polyacrylate/liquid crystal blends

PDLCs composite materials (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) were elaborated by polymerization induced phase separation under UV-light. Binary systems composed of Tripropyleneglycol diacrylate (TPGDA) monomer and a liquid crystal mixture (E7) were used as starting materials in the process of polymerization/crosslinking leading to a phase separation between polymer and liquid crystal. The time behaviour of the optical transmission of these films was experimentally studied during the period of exposure to UV-light in the absence of external applied fields. The transmission versus time curves of in-situ UV-cured TPGDA/E7 films reveal three regions: A first domain corresponding to a transparent film of the initial TPGDA/E7 mixture before exposure to UV light, a second time domain where the sample exhibits a fast relaxation process just after the beginning of the UV irradiation of the monomer/LC blend and a unusual third domain, characterised by an enhancement of the film transparency at longer relaxation times. This process depends on the conditions of sample preparation and film thickness. In this study, a temperature of a sample has been controlled after, during and before the application of UV light.

Preparation of Magnetic Porous Microspheres and Their Ability to Remove Oils

AbstractMagnetic, porous poly (tripropylene glycol diacrylate) (PTPGDA) microspheres are successfully prepared using a combination of microfluidic emulsification and free‐radical polymerization. The porous structure can be precisely controlled by controlling the amount of the oil‐phase emulsifier polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR). The effects of PGPR content and pH on the contact angle of the microspheres is investigated. The contact angle of the microspheres increases with the raise of PGPR content, and the hydrophobicity of the microspheres remains stable at different pHs. The microstructure, magnetic properties, and oil adsorption abilities of the microspheres are also studied. The as‐prepared microspheres perform adsorption well, the higher the PGPR content, the more pore structures and larger contact angle occurres on the microspheres, which improves the adsorption capacity. In addition, the adsorption capacity of the microspheres for diesel can reach 3.38 g·g−1 when the mass fraction of PGPR in oil phase is 50% w/v. After adsorbing oil, the microspheres can be separated, recovered, and reused by applying an external magnetic field. The magnetic microspheres have good oil adsorption abilities and recyclability, which shows their potential for use in oil removal.

Autonomous Self-Healing of Electrical Degradation in Dielectric Polymers Using In Situ Electroluminescence

Summary Dielectric polymers are ubiquitous as electrical insulation in electrical power systems and electronic devices. Electrical treeing is typically regarded as an irreversible degradation process of dielectric polymers subjected to high electric stresses, which significantly limits their lifespan and endangers the reliability of electronics and electrical power systems. Here, we report self-healing polymers consisting of microcapsules that are capable of completely restoring the dielectric properties as a direct response to electrical tree degradation. We design the microcapsules with a relatively higher dielectric constant than polymer matrix to guide the propagation of electrical trees. The electroluminescence generated in situ during electrical treeing of polymers triggers crosslinking of the healing agents released from the capsules to repair the electrically damaged areas under ambient conditions. Notably, the breakdown strength of the mended region is largely enhanced upon healing, which was initiated at different locations. The integration of autonomous healing capability into dielectric materials opens new avenues to smart polymers for electronics and energy applications.

A comparative study of ultraviolet and electron beam irradiation on acrylate coatings

Radiation curing is the polymerization of a chemical system which is initiated by ultraviolet (UV) or electron beam (EB) irradiation. The curing, the transformation from a liquid into a non-tacky solid, is very fast and occurs in less than one second. In this work, the optimum irradiation time on curing urethane acrylate coating by using UV and the best cured dose by using EB irradiation was studied. Coating formulations were prepared by physical mixing of aliphatic urethane acrylate (AUA) and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) at different ratio (60:40), (70:30), and (80:20) to choose the optimum concentration. Cured coating films were characterized by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), and swelling properties. The wood surface that cured by UV or EB were tested for their end use performance properties like pencil hardness, adhesion, bending, chemical resistance, steam resistance, stain resistance, and cigarette burn resistance test. superior results and excellent mechanical performance of acrylate films on the surface of wood induced by EB were found compared with those induced by UV irradiation.

Flavone/Tertiary Amine as Free Radical Photoinitiator for UV Photopolymerization of Tripropylene Glycol Diacrylate(TPGDA)†

The polymerization kinetics of tripropylene glycol diacrylate(TPGDA) was monitored by real time near infrared(RTIR) with favone(FL) as photosensitizer and different hydrogen donor as coinitiator.The commercial photosensitizer benzophenone(BP) was used as control.The results showed that the molar extinction coefficient(e max) of FL was much higher than that of BP.When FL was used in combination with tertiary amine hydrogen donor ethyl 4-N,N'-dimethylaminobenzoate(EDAB),the rate of polymerization(R p) and final double bond conversion(DC f) could reach 0.58 s-1and 97%,respectively,which was very close to that of commercial BP / EDAB system.However,using sesamin(SM) and benzodioxole(BDO) as coinitiator for FL,the R p and DC f were both very low,which indicated that the excited FL and tertiary amine could generate aminoalkyl free radical species via electron / proton transfer process and initiate the efficient photopolymerization of TPGDA.More importantly,when the co-polymerizable tertiary amines such as EBERYL P115 and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate(DMEM) are used,the natural component characteristics of FL make it a promising photoinitiator in biomedical and food-packaging fields.