Abstract
A novel strategy was proposed to fabricate alkali-resistant PVDF membrane via sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) attached to the surface of membrane and immobilized by UV-curable polyester acrylate and tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate (TPGDA). The attached anionic surfactant, SDS, on the membrane surface can resist the alkali corrosion by NaOH, and the curing of the resin can immobilize the SDS on the membrane firmly. Due to the unique alkali resistance of SDS and resin formed, the UV-curable resin-modified PVDF membrane showed greatly enhanced alkali-resistant ability. Characterization of SEM and FTIR showed that polyester acrylate and TPGDA were cured successfully under the action of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (184) and ultraviolet light. Whiteness, differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer characterization showed that the modified PVDF membrane had a lower degree of dehydrofluorination than the pristine PVDF membrane after alkali treatment. Results of the detailed alkali-resistant analysis indicated that the F/C ratio of the UV-curable resin-modified PVDF membrane decreased by 2.6% after alkali treatment compared to pristine PVDF membrane decreased by 19.28%. The alkali-resistant performance was mainly attributed to the immobilized SDS. This study provided a facile and scalable method for designing alkali-resistant PVDF membrane, which shows a promising potential in the treatment of alkaline wastewater and alkaline-cleaning PVDF membrane.
Highlights
(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane has excellent chemical and physical resistance, strong mechanical strength and good thermal stability (Yeow et al 2003; Hashim et al 2009; Liu 2011), in which these properties make it suitable for wastewater treatment
When the pristine PVDF membrane was immersed in the alkaline solution, the surface color changed from white to brown and to black after one month, which has been reported in other
Reference standard whiteboard Black tube M-Pristine M-UV curing M-Pristine after alkali treatment (30 days) M-UV curing-30 s after alkali treatment (30 days) M-UV curing-40 s after alkali treatment (30 days) M-UV curing-50 s after alkali treatment (30 days) M-UV curing-60 s after alkali treatment (30 days) M-UV curing-70 s after alkali treatment (30 days) M-UV curing-80 s after alkali treatment (30 days) M-UV curing-90 s after alkali treatment (30 days)
Summary
(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane has excellent chemical and physical resistance, strong mechanical strength and good thermal stability (Yeow et al 2003; Hashim et al 2009; Liu 2011), in which these properties make it suitable for wastewater treatment. PVDF has excellent chemical stability to various harsh chemicals (such as inorganic acids, oxidants and halogens), it is not sufficient to the strong alkali solution (pH ≥ 12) (Rabuni 2013). Frequent alkali cleaning and long-term NaOH solution that is used for PVDF membrane system will reduce its mechanical properties and shorten its life. PVDF is a membrane that cannot be frequently chemically cleaned for a long time and used to handle alkaline wastewater. The application range of PVDF membrane materials is subject to certain restrictions.
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