Triple Band Notch Research Articles

Design of SWB Antenna with Triple Band Notch Characteristics for Multipurpose Wireless Applications

A compact concentric structured monopole antenna for super wide band (SWB) applications with triple notch band characteristics is designed and experimentally validated. The antenna covers an immense impedance bandwidth (1.6–47.5 GHz) with sharp triple notch bands at 1.8–2.2 GHz, 4–7.2 GHz, and 9.8–10.4 GHz to eliminate interference from co-existing advanced wireless services (AWS), C bands, and X bands, respectively. By loading an E-shaped stub connected at the top of the patch and by etching a split elliptical slot at the lower end of the radiating patch, the band rejection characteristics from 1.8–2.2 GHz for the AWS and 4–7.2 GHz for the C band are achieved, respectively. Further, by making use of a C-shaped resonator near the feed line, band rejection from 9.8–10.4 GHz for the X band is obtained. By varying the parameters of the antenna, the notch bands are controlled independently over a wide range of frequencies. The antenna provides good radiation characteristics, constant group delay response, and better gain over the pass band. The experimental results indicate that the designed antenna offers a remarkable reduction in gain and high variation in group delay over the stop bands. To characterize the wideband property and linear phase response of the designed antenna, its time-domain performance is extensively described and evaluated, which assure pulse transmission with minimum distortion.

A compact UWB antenna with triple band notch reconfigurability

AbstractA compact ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with reconfigurable triple band notch characteristics is proposed in this paper. The antenna consists of a coplanar waveguide-fed top-cut circular-shaped radiator with two etched C-shaped slots, a pair of split-ring resonators (SRRs) on the backside and four p-type intrinsic n-type (PIN) diodes integrated in the slots and SRRs. By controlling the current distribution in the slots and SRRs, the antenna can realize eight band notch states with independent switch ability, which allows UWB to coexist with 5G (3.3–4.4 GHz)/WiMAX (3.3–3.6 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.825 GHz), and X-band (7.9–8.4 GHz) bands without interference. By utilizing a nested structure of C-shaped slots and SRRs on the backside, a compact size of 18 × 19.5 mm2 is achieved along with multimode triple band notch reconfigurability. The antenna covers a bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz. A prototype is fabricated and tested. The simulated and experimental results are in good agreement.

Gain Augmentation of a Triple Notched Ultra-wideband Antenna using Compact Uniplanar Frequency Selective Surface for Ground Penetrating Radar

A simple structured, compact ultra-wideband (UWB) circular disk monopole antenna of dimension 35 × 30 × 0.8 mm3 that offers wide bandwidth from 2.64 to 9.36 GHz with sharp triple notch bands at 3.28–3.84, 5.08–5.44, and 5.62–6.06 GHz is integrated to the single-layer UWB frequency selective surface (FSS) that has unit cell dimension of 0.1136λL × 0.1136λL only where λL signifies the lower band-edge of UWB. Sharp triple notches are employed by embedding split-ring slot on circular patch and implanting dual circular split-ring resonator pairs at the backside of feed. Addition of FSS layer does not affect the antenna impedance band and offers significant antenna gain improvement by 2–4 dBi in the pass bandwidth with maximum gain of 8 dBi at 8.5 GHz. The antenna also provides high average radiation efficiency of 80%, improved radiation in the broadside direction and consistent group delay response in its pass band when integrated to the FSS layer. Working capability of proposed antenna-FSS structure is evaluated in proximity of soil test bed by keeping thin aluminum sheet at different buried levels. Adequate VSWR profile, linear transfer function response, and consistent group delay response in pass band ensure the eligibility of proposed antenna to work for ground penetrating radar.

Ultra-Wideband Planar Antenna with Notched-Band for WIMAX, WLAN and MSAT Applications

Ultra-wideband (UWB) with triple band notch characteristics was presented. WIMAX, WLAN and Meteorological Satellite (MSAT) frequency bandwidths were rejected in the UWB planar antenna composed from a single layer conductor element. Frequency bandwidths for WIMAX, WLAN and MSAT are allocated at 3.3~3.7, 5~6 and 7.4~8.4GHz, respectively. Conductor element etching method was used as the means to realize the band notch characteristics as it was considered convenient and simple. Two slits were etched on the ground plane while on the elliptical element, a single slit. The slits were designed for simplicity in the means of achieving the desired band notch characteristics. The proposed antenna design was compact and low profile. The antenna performances were compared with the reference antenna and the results were negligible.

Compact UWB-MIMO Triple Notched Antenna for Isolation Reduction

In this article compact multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with triple notch at the ultra-wideband application having two identical monopole antennas is proposed. The two inverted ‘U’ shaped slots are etched on the antenna geometry. The proposed antenna gets notch obtain notch characteristics at three frequencies i.e. 3.51–4.3 (WiMAX), 5.5–5.6 (WLAN) and 8.4–8.8 (X-band applications in UWB spectrum the proposed antenna is designed on FR4 substrate with a compact size of 20 × 34 × 1.6 mm3. The proposed antenna was designed and analysed HFSS 13. An excellent triple notch characteristic is obtained after insertion of Inverted ‘U-shaped compact slot on the radiators. At the centre of the triple notch bands a significant drop in the gain, efficiency of the antenna is seen this indicates a good suppression in the interference of two elements. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed is used for UWB MIMO diversity systems. Thus the proposed antenna two elements are used reduce isolation between channels for ultra wideband MIMO diversity systems.

Design of compact triple band-notched UWB MIMO antenna with TVC-EBG structure

In this editorial, a compact two element Ultra Wide Band Multiple Input Multiple Output (UWB MIMO) antenna with triple-band notch characteristics is presented. A single Two Via Compact Electromagnetic Band Gap (TVC-EBG) structure is used to achieve triple-band notches at WiMAX, WLAN, and X Band. An inverse L-shaped stub is inserted in the ground plane of the antenna to diminish mutual coupling amid antenna elements. Isolation and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) is less than −15 dB and 0.015, respectively. The diversity properties like Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Diversity Gain (DG) are less than −10 dB and greater than 9.95 dB respectively. The proposed antenna is designed using a low-cost FR4 substrate with overall dimensions of 21 × 36 × 1.6 mm3.

Design and analysis of a compact UWB MIMO antenna incorporating fractal inspired isolation improvement and band rejection structures

This paper numerically proposes and experimentally investigates a compact coplanar waveguide fed two element ultra-wideband (UWB), multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array accompanying peak isolation and triple band notch mechanism. The proposed antenna consists of two identical printed monopole elements along with the incorporation of multiple 2nd order Hilbert defects in the ground structure and proposes to incorporate three different mechanisms to reduce the electromagnetic interference of the UWB antenna with existing narrowband systems. The measured impedance bandwidth for the intended antenna ranges from 2.7 GHz to 11.22 GHz. The incorporation of notch mechanisms provides interference suppression at the C-band (3.7–4.2 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.825 GHz), and X-band communication (7.9–8.4 GHz). The overall size of the intended UWB MIMO antenna is 30.75 mm × 37.80 mm. Moreover, the diversity parameters of the proposed UWB MIMO antenna are numerically calculated and empirically investigated, these calculations and investigations depicts high diversity performance. It is noteworthy to observe that the spacing between the elements is staggeringly reduced to 2 mm. The concurrence among the diverse numerical and experimental outcomes supports the candidature of the suggested layout for portable UWB as well as UWB MIMO systems.

Ultrawide band two-port MIMO diversity antenna with triple notch bands, stable gain and suppressed mutual coupling

Two-port MIMO antenna is proposed for ultrawide band wireless applications with triple notch bands. The proposed antenna is offering the operating frequency band ranging from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. Three notch bands at 4.56, 7.25, and 9.08 GHz are introduced to eliminate the interference with exiting bands. Moreover, a prototype of the proposed structure is fabricated, and simulated results are validated with measured experimental results. The proposed antenna shows the almost stable radiation characteristics throughout the operating band with an almost stable gain of about 5 dBi. Mutual coupling between both ports is suppressed to the value of −25 dB within the operating frequency band. Diversity characteristics for a MIMO performance are analysed in terms of envelope correlation coefficient, total active reflection coefficient, diversity gain, multiplexing efficiency, and mean effective gain. The proposed antenna is easily integrable with the other MMIC devices as it carries a simple structure.

Compact UWB flexible elliptical CPW‐fed antenna with triple notch bands for wireless communications

A coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed flexible elliptical antenna with triple band notched characteristics is presented in this article. The designed antenna consists of an elliptical patch and slots incorporated CPW feed line to cover the bandwidth requirements for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The designed UWB antenna has a fractional bandwidth of about 166.19% (1.20-13 GHz) with a center frequency of 7.1 GHz in simulation and about 170.10% (1.05-13 GHz) with a center frequency of 7.025 GHz in measurement. The overall dimension of the proposed flexible antenna is 45 × 35 × 0.6 mm3. The triple notched bands are realized by designing with circular shaped split-ring-resonators (SRRs) and defected ground structure (DGS). According to the measurement, first notched band (2.0−2.70 GHz) is generated for rejecting 2.4 GHz WLAN by introducing a single circular ST-SRR on the radiating patch. The second notch (3.45-3.80 GHz) is obtained by embedding another circular ST-SRR on the patch to mitigate the interference of 3.5 GHz Wi-MAX system. Finally, due to presence of DGS, third notch (5.15-6.20 GHz) is produced which suppresses the interference from 5.5 GHz Wi-MAX and 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN systems. The proposed antenna offers excellent performance in different flexible conditions that confirm its applicability on curved surfaces for UWB systems.

A Review of Ultra Wideband Antennas with Band Notched Characteristics

The rapid growth has been observed over the last decades in the field of Ultra-wideband technologies. Due to the large bandwidth and less power consumption UWB system provides an eccentric solution for wireless communication of short range in both reception and transmission. The printed monopole antenna has been preferred for implementing UWB technology due to its distinct features such as ease of fabrication, light weight, low cost, compatibility with other systems etc. Basic requirement for designing these antennas is to avoid the interference by applying the notch band characteristic using different techniques. These techniques are continuously upgraded to improve the performance of the antenna designed under UWB technology with band notch characteristics. In this manuscript, an extensive literature review has been studied and presented on UWB antenna with band rejection characteristics proposed by distinct researchers in the last decade. In the reviewed literature, the existing UWB antennas has been characterized according to notch bands and classified into various categories such as single, dual and triple band notch characteristics. Further, the different techniques applied by the researchers are also explained in detail in the sub-sections. Moreover, the design of different types of UWB antennas has also been discussed in this paper, which may be helpful for the future research work.

Triple band notch compact MIMO antenna with defected ground structure and split ring resonator for wideband applications

A triple band notch multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed and proposed with complementary-split-ring-resonators (CSRR) on upper side and defected ground structure on bottom portion of the FR4 substrate material. A square shaped radiating element with cone shaped microstrip line feeding is used in the current design to achieve 50-ohm impedance. A compact dimension of 36 × 22 × 1.6 mm is used to fit this model for portable communication devices. Split ring resonators are placed adjacent to the feed line to improve the gain and defected ground with stubs is placed to enhance the bandwidth characteristics. Proposed antenna has bandwidth ranging from 2 to18 GHz with notching at 5.2–5.8 GHz (WLAN), 11–12 GHz (Satellite Broadcasting) and 12.5–14.5 GHz (Aeronautical Radio Navigation). The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.005 and mutual coupling is less than 15dB achieved. The prototyped antenna is providing peak realized gain of 5dB and maximum efficiency of 75% in the operating band. The results strongly support the applicability of current antenna model with band notching in wideband communications.

A Compact Triple-Notch Band Ultra-Wideband Antenna

This paper proposed a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna (17.5 × 20.5 mm2) with a triple-notch band characteristic to overcome the interference caused by the three narrow frequency bands that coexist within the ultra-wideband frequency ranging from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz as stipulated by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC). Two slots on the radiating patch and a copper trace on the ground plane of the antenna were introduced to reject the WiMAX, WLAN and SHF frequency bands. The dimensions of the slots and copper trace are optimized to achieve the desired band rejections. The compact size of the antenna is in line with the miniaturization requirement of modern wireless communication devices but at the same time is able to support multiple wireless communication services. The simulation result shows that the antenna can function over the UWB frequency range but with band rejections on the WiMAX band (from 3.2 GHz to 3.6 GHz, WLAN band) (from 5.15 GHz to 5.85 GHz) and SHF band (from 7.25 GHz to 8.395 GHz). The proposed antennas are simulated and designed in CST Microwave Studio® software and fabricated on a FR-4 substrate with a relative dielectric constant, er of 4.5, loss tangent, tan δ of 0.019 and thickness, h of 1.6 mm.

Integrated Triple Notch Bands Compact UWB Antenna for Wireless Communications

To Suppress Conventional Narrow Band Communication Technologies From The UWB Frequency Band An Integrated Triple Notch Bands Compact UWB Antenna Is Proposed. Band Notches Are Wimax (3.1-3.8 Ghz) ,WLAN(4.8-5.825 Ghz) And X Band (6.5-7.5 Ghz).To Attain UWB Frequency Band 2.9-14.5 Ghz From Compact UWB Antenna Introduced Slots In A Rectangular Patch With DGS. The Projected Compact UWB Antenna Arrangement Is Made-Up On FR4 Substrate With VSWR Is Less Than 2 Except For Selected Notched Bands. The Proposed UWB Design Is Suitable For Impenetrable Surroundings For Wimax/WLAN/X Band Dense. The Partial Defective Ground Structure Is Proposed To Improve Impedance Matching And Impedance Bandwidth Is Utilized.

Compact Self Complementary UWB Antenna with Triple Band Notch Characteristics for Wireless Communications

the objective of this paper is to design and analysis of the Ultra wide Band Micro strip Patch Antenna which covers the Ultra Wide Band 2.9 to 21.5 GHz. To get an optimum results and performance of the projected self complementary UWB antenna depends on the study of dissimilar methods for optimizing the different parameters of the radiating patch along with notch dimensions. The proposed self complementary UWB antenna with overlapped rectangular shape patch and Defected DGS is designed with C-Slot in the radiating patch element and ground with L shaped slot which covers the whole UWB frequency band apart from band notches WLAN (5.125-5.825 GHz) ,Satellite Communications (7.9-8.5 GHz) and Ku band 13.4-14.5GHz.The UWB antenna performance is improved in terms of the Bandwidth by including Rectangular shaped slit between feeding element and the radiating patch. Now a days it is important to avoid existing wireless communication networks from the design of UWB antenna. The self complementary UWB antenna impedance bandwidth from 2.9 GHz to 21.5 GHz with a maximum of return loss S11 -43 dB at operating frequency10.5 GHz and with a Gain of 5.64dB.

Bandwidth Enhancement of a Wide Slot Antenna Using Fractal Geometry for UWB Application with Multiple Notched Bands

In this paper a combination of rectangular and elliptical fractal geometry is applied on a regular hexagonal wide slot antenna fabricated using a FR4 substrate to obtain ultra wide band (UWB) operation. The bandwidth enhancement of the wide slot antenna due to this fractal curve is studied in a step by step manner and the corresponding mathematical analysis is also presented. The comparison of the proposed fractal geometry with the existing fractal geometries is also exhibited. Multiple input multiple output performance of the proposed UWB antenna is also analysed. Two pairs of L-shaped slots are etched on the ground plane and a metallic ring is inserted inside the slot to produce triple band notch characteristics at 3.98 GHz, 5.56 GHz and 7.94 GHz. These three notch bands can avoid interference with existing WIMAX, downlink of C-band satellite communication, WLAN and uplink of X band satellite communication. The proposed band notched UWB antenna exhibits acceptable radiation characteristics with satisfactory gain, high radiation efficiency and constant group delay in the operation band.

Miniaturized triple band-notched quasi-self complementary fractal antenna with improved characteristics for UWB applications

This paper is a continuation and extension of a previous work [1]. In this paper, an enhanced UWB microstrip-fed quasi self-complementary fractal (QSCF) antenna with triple band notches is presented. These band notches are allocated at 3.5, 5.5 and 7.8 GHz. The proposed design supports coexistence with narrow band applications IEEE 802.16 WiMAX, IEEE 802.11 WLAN and X-band of satellite communications, respectively. Both slot and parasitic loading techniques are utilized to achieve this goal. A guided half wavelength U-shape slot is etched in the ground for creating band rejection at the WiMAX frequency band. To attain the WLAN band rejection, another half wavelength U-shape slot is inserted to the feed line. A split ring resonator (SRR) is embedded to the left and right of the feed line for avoiding interference with X-band. The prospective antenna is designed using low cost FR4 substrate of miniaturized size 32 × 16.5 × 1.5 mm3 which empowers it to be embedded in assorted portable devices. Nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns and stable gain are accomplished over the operating bandwidth from 2 to 11 GHz. For further clarification of the operating principle, an equivalent circuit model is considered showing good agreement with CSTMWS, HFSS and experimental results. Furthermore, a time domain analysis is investigated presenting satisfactory distortion performance between excited and received pulse validating it for diversified UWB applications.

Corner Truncated Triple Band Notch Monopole with DGS for Satellite Communication Applications

Corner Truncated Triple Band Notch Monopole with DGS for Satellite Communication Applications

A Compact UWB Antenna with Independently Controllable Notch Bands.

A minimally-sized, triple-notched band ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna, useful for many applications, is designed, analyzed, and experimentally validated in this paper. A modified maple leaf-shaped main radiating element with partial ground is used in the proposed design. An E-shaped resonator, meandered slot, and U-shaped slot are implemented in the proposed design to block the co-existing bands. The E-shaped resonator stops frequencies ranging from 1.8–2.3 GHz (Advanced Wireless System (AWS1–AWS2) band), while the meandered slot blocks frequencies from 3.2–3.8 GHz (WiMAX band). The co-existing band ranging from 5.6–6.1 GHz (IEEE 802.11/HIPERLANband) is blocked by utilizing the U-shaped section in the feeding network. The notched bands can be independently controlled over a wide range of frequencies using specific parameters. The proposed antenna is suitable for many applications because of its flat gain, good radiation characteristics at both principal planes, uniform group delay, and non-varying transfer function () for the entire UWB frequency range.

CPW-fed triple high rejection notched UWB and X-band antenna on silicon for imaging and wireless applications

ABSTRACTIn this article, compact coplanar waveguide feed antenna covering ultra-wideband and X-band signals (2.98–13.34 GHz) is presented. Antenna also offers triple-notched band elimination (Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access: 3.40–3.95 GHz, Wireless Local Area Network: 4.50–6.34 GHz and Downlink Satellite System: 7.11–7.802 GHz) which is due to insertion of stub and etching of slots. Antenna is fabricated and characterised on silicon for imaging and wireless applications having a fractional bandwidth of 133%. The antenna offers gain, radiation efficiency and group delay between 3.26 and 8.00 dBi, 84% and 92% and ≤±1.0 ns, respectively, for the entire bandwidth. Isolation of antenna in face-to-face and side-to-side orientations is <−25 dB with very less distortion presented in the transmission and reception of the signal. The radiations emitted by the antenna are observed as a dipole-like pattern in E-plane and omnidirectional in H-plane.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Superwideband Monopole Reconfigurable Antenna with Triple Notched Band Characteristics for Numerous Applications in Wireless System

In this paper, super-wideband antenna with reconfigurable characteristics for multiple wireless applications is investigated. Proposed antenna consists of guitar shape radiating patch and chamfered...